On the morning of April 8th, at the invitation of Anhui Foreign Experts Bureau and our school, Professor Edvard I. Moser, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, visited our school, accompanied by Pan Yaqun, member of the Party Group of Anhui Human Resources and Social Security Department and director of Anhui Foreign Experts Bureau. Vice President Chen Chusheng met with the guests. Xu Geliang, Dean of the First Affiliated Hospital of our school and Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee, and Professor Shen Yong from the College of Life Sciences attended the meeting.

　

Chen Chusheng first welcomed Professor Edvard I. Moser’s visit and introduced the general situation of the school. Subsequently, the two sides discussed the construction of the school’s life science and medicine department and related issues of brain research.　

　

　

After the talks, Professor Edvard I. Moser gave a report entitled The brain′s navigation system in the multimedia classroom of the third teaching building in the West District. The report was presided over by Professor Shen Yong, and Director Pan Yaqun made a speech before the meeting.　

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser vividly demonstrated the importance of the spatial positioning system of the brain to human life in ancient times through animation. Because the composition of the human brain is very complex, and mammals such as mice, rats and squirrel monkeys may have a common ancestor with humans in evolutionary history, and their brain structures are very similar, neuroscientists turned to the simpler mouse or rat brain for research. Then Professor Edvard I. Moser introduced the development history of the research on human brain location system, from the concept of cognitive map was put forward around 1930 to the discovery of location cells in hippocampus by Professor John O′Keefe around 1970. In 2005, Professor Edvard I. Moser’s team discovered another kind of grid cell for localization in the area of the entorhinal cortex near the hippocampus of the brain.　

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser emphasized that the localization mechanism of hippocampus and olfactory cortex is completely different. The grid cells in the olfactory cortex can form a consistent and universal map when the environment changes, while the map composed of the position cells in the hippocampus has undergone earth-shaking changes with the environment changes. Therefore, the brain location system has two parts: the accurate location map of grid cells (low-dimensional) and the diversified map of location cells (high-dimensional). From the perspective of evolution, integrating the information of two sets of maps to navigate seems to be an efficient solution for animal navigation system. The distance and direction measured by the grid formed in the medial olfactory cortex will not change as it moves from one compartment to another. On the contrary, the location cells in the hippocampus form an independent map for each individual compartment, which makes it possible to store all kinds of memories. In the entorhinal cortex, in addition to the grid cells, Professor Edvard I. Moser and his colleagues also found the head direction cells, boundary cells and velocity cells, which all serve the system of mapping the world where mammals live. Through a series of experiments and data, Professor Edvard I. Moser showed that there are cells in the medial entorhinal cortex that can sense their own direction and distance from external markers, and discussed the mechanism of the lateral entorhinal cortex to perceive time, and suggested that there may be time cells besides grid cells and position cells.　

　

Finally, Professor Edvard I. Moser pointed out that these studies are helpful for human beings to treat and understand Alzheimer’s disease, and the entorhinal cortex is one of the earliest brain regions in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This disease causes degeneration of brain cells in the inner olfactory cortex, which eventually leads to cell death, which is consistent with the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease-disorientation of space and memory loss. With the increase of life expectancy, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is getting higher and higher. Professor Edvard I. Moser called for the joint efforts of related workers all over the world (from basic research to clinic) to cure and study the disease.

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser’s report gave us a deep understanding of the study of brain localization system. After the speech, the teachers and students present enthusiastically asked questions and exchanged ideas with Professor Edvard I. Moser.

　

During the visit, Professor Edvard I. Moser and his party visited the Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center and Brain Resource Bank (Brain Aging and Brain Diseases Research Center) of the School of Life Sciences of the University of Science and Technology of China with Professor Shen Yong, and offered their best wishes for the 60th anniversary of our school.　

　

　Edvard I. Moser, born in Norway in 1962, is now a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist, and the founding director of the Kafliko Institute of Systems Neuroscience and the Center for Memory Biology of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Mosor and his wife, Mai Britt Mosor, have led a series of cutting-edge research on brain mechanism in the past decades. In 2013, Edward Mosor won the Huo Weici Prize. In 2014, Edvard I. Moser, John O‘Keefe and May-Britt Moser won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.　

　

(Ministry of International Cooperation and Exchange)

(Adopted at the 11th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on June 29th, 2019)

Catalogue

　　Chapter I General Principles

　　Chapter II Vaccine Development and Registration

　　Chapter III Vaccine Production and Batch Issuance

　　Chapter IV Vaccine Circulation

　　Chapter V Vaccination

　　Chapter VI Monitoring and Handling of Abnormal Reaction

　　Chapter VII Post-marketing Management of Vaccines

　　Chapter VIII Safeguard Measures

　　Chapter IX Supervision and Administration

　　Chapter X Legal Liability

　　Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Principles

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to strengthen vaccine management, ensure vaccine quality and supply, standardize vaccination, promote the development of vaccine industry, safeguard public health and safeguard public health safety.

　　Article 2 This Law shall apply to the development, production, circulation, vaccination and supervision and management of vaccines in People’s Republic of China (PRC). Where there are no provisions in this Law, the provisions of laws and administrative regulations such as the Drug Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases shall apply.

　　The term "vaccine" as mentioned in this Law refers to preventive biological products used for human immunization in order to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of diseases, including immunization planned vaccines and non-immunization planned vaccines.

　　Article 3 The state implements the strictest management system for vaccines, and adheres to safety first, risk management, whole-process control, scientific supervision and social co-governance.

　　Article 4 The State adheres to the strategic and public welfare nature of vaccine products.

　　The state supports basic and applied research on vaccines, promotes vaccine research and innovation, and incorporates vaccine research, production and storage for preventing and controlling major diseases into the national strategy.

　　The state formulates development plans and industrial policies for the vaccine industry, supports the development and structural optimization of the vaccine industry, encourages large-scale and intensive vaccine production, and continuously improves the vaccine production technology and quality level.

　　Article 5 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall strengthen the quality management of the vaccine throughout its life cycle and be responsible for the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of the vaccine.

　　Units and individuals engaged in vaccine development, production, circulation and vaccination activities shall abide by laws, regulations, rules, standards and norms, ensure that the information in the whole process is true, accurate, complete and traceable, assume responsibilities according to law and accept social supervision.

　　Article 6 The State implements an immunization planning system.

　　Residents living in China have the right to vaccinate the EPI according to law and fulfill the obligation to vaccinate the EPI. The government provides free immunization program vaccines to residents.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization programs. The guardian shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with EPI vaccine on time according to law.

　　Article 7 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate vaccine safety and vaccination into the national economic and social development plan at the corresponding level, strengthen the capacity building of vaccine supervision and management, and establish and improve the working mechanism of vaccine supervision and management.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas, and uniformly lead, organize and coordinate the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas.

　　Article 8 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council is responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines throughout the country. The competent department of health in the State Council is responsible for the supervision and management of national vaccination. Other relevant departments in the State Council are responsible for the supervision and management related to vaccines within their respective responsibilities.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas. The departments responsible for drug supervision and administration of the people’s governments at the municipal and county levels with districts (hereinafter referred to as the drug supervision and administration departments) shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas. The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccination in this administrative region. Other relevant departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines within their respective functions and duties.

　　Article 9 the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall establish departmental coordination mechanisms to coordinate the work related to vaccine supervision and management, regularly analyze the vaccine safety situation, strengthen vaccine supervision and management, and ensure vaccine supply.

　　Article 10 The State implements the whole-course electronic traceability system for vaccines.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall, jointly with the health authorities of the State Council, formulate unified standards and norms for vaccine traceability, establish a national collaborative platform for vaccine electronic traceability, and integrate the traceability information of the whole process of vaccine production, circulation and vaccination to realize vaccine traceability.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall establish a vaccine electronic traceability system, which is connected with the national vaccine electronic traceability collaborative platform, so as to realize the traceability and verifiability of the vaccine in the smallest packaging unit in the whole process of production, circulation and vaccination.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall truthfully record vaccine circulation and vaccination according to law, and provide traceability information to the national vaccine electronic traceability collaborative platform in accordance with regulations.

　　Article 11 In the process of vaccine development, production and inspection, we should establish and improve the biosafety management system, strictly control biosafety risks, strengthen biosafety management of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacterial strains, protect the health of operators and the public, and ensure that the use of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacterial strains is legal and legitimate.

　　The history, biological characteristics and generations of bacterial strains and cell strains used in vaccine development, production and inspection shall be clearly defined, and detailed files shall be established to ensure that the sources are legal, clear and traceable; Where the source is unknown, it shall not be used.

　　Article 12 People’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments, disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine industry associations shall regularly carry out publicity, education and popularization of vaccine safety laws, regulations and vaccination knowledge through activities such as National Children’s Vaccination Day.

　　The news media should carry out public welfare publicity on vaccine safety laws, regulations and vaccination knowledge, and supervise vaccine violations by public opinion. Publicity and reporting on vaccines should be comprehensive, scientific, objective and fair.

　　Thirteenth vaccine industry associations should strengthen industry self-discipline, establish and improve industry norms, promote the construction of industry credit system, guide and urge members to carry out production and operation activities according to law.

Chapter II Vaccine Development and Registration

　　Article 14 The state shall, according to the epidemic situation of diseases, the immune status of the population and other factors, formulate relevant research and development plans, arrange necessary funds, and support the research and development of new vaccines such as multiple vaccines and multiple vaccines.

　　The state organizes vaccine marketing license holders, scientific research institutions and medical and health institutions to jointly tackle key problems and develop vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control.

　　Article 15 The State encourages vaccine marketing license holders to increase investment in research and innovation, optimize production technology, improve quality control level and promote vaccine technology progress.

　　Sixteenth to carry out clinical trials of vaccines shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council according to law.

　　Clinical trials of vaccines shall be carried out or organized by tertiary medical institutions or disease prevention and control institutions at or above the provincial level that meet the requirements set by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and the health authorities of the State Council.

　　The state encourages qualified medical institutions and disease prevention and control institutions to carry out clinical trials of vaccines according to law.

　　Article 17 An applicant for a vaccine clinical trial shall formulate a clinical trial plan, establish a clinical trial safety monitoring and evaluation system, carefully select the subjects, reasonably set the subjects’ groups and age groups, and take effective measures according to the degree of risk to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the subjects.

　　Eighteenth to carry out clinical trials of vaccines, the written informed consent of the subjects shall be obtained; If the subject is a person without civil capacity, he shall obtain the written informed consent of his guardian; If the subject is a person with limited capacity for civil conduct, he shall obtain the written informed consent of himself and his guardian.

　　Nineteenth vaccines listed in China shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and obtain the drug registration certificate; To apply for vaccine registration, true, sufficient and reliable data, materials and samples shall be provided.

　　The State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall give priority to the review and approval of vaccines and innovative vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control.

　　Twentieth to deal with major public health emergencies in urgent need of vaccines or other vaccines identified by the health authorities in the State Council, the benefits outweigh the risks, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council can conditionally approve the application for vaccine registration.

　　In case of particularly serious public health emergencies or other emergencies that seriously threaten public health, the health authorities in the State Council put forward suggestions for emergency use of vaccines according to the needs of prevention and control of infectious diseases, which can be used urgently within a certain scope and time limit with the consent of the drug supervision and administration department in the State Council.

　　Twenty-first the State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall, when approving the application for vaccine registration, approve the production technology, quality control standards, instructions and labels of the vaccine.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall timely publish the contents of vaccine instructions and labels on its website.

Chapter III Vaccine Production and Batch Issuance

　　Article 22 The State implements a strict access system for vaccine production.

　　To engage in vaccine production activities, it shall be approved by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level and obtain a pharmaceutical production license.

　　To engage in vaccine production activities, in addition to meeting the requirements of drug production activities stipulated in the Drug Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the following conditions shall also be met:

　　(1) Having a moderate scale and sufficient production capacity reserve;

　　(2) Having systems, facilities and equipment to ensure biological safety;

　　(3) meeting the needs of disease prevention and control.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall have the vaccine production capacity; If it is really necessary to entrust production beyond the vaccine production capacity, it shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. Those who accept commissioned production shall abide by the provisions of this law and the relevant provisions of the state to ensure the quality of vaccines.

　　Article 23 The legal representative and principal responsible person of the vaccine marketing license holder shall have a good credit record, and the personnel in key positions such as the person in charge of production management, the person in charge of quality management and the person authorized by quality shall have relevant professional background and working experience.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall strengthen the training and assessment of the personnel specified in the preceding paragraph, and report their positions and changes to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in a timely manner.

　　Article 24 Vaccines shall be produced and inspected according to the approved production technology and quality control standards, and the whole production process shall meet the requirements of good manufacturing practice.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall, in accordance with the provisions, review and inspect the whole process of vaccine production and vaccine quality.

　　Article 25 The holder of vaccine marketing license shall establish a complete production quality management system, continuously strengthen deviation management, and truthfully record all data formed in the production and inspection process by means of information technology to ensure that the whole production process continues to meet the statutory requirements.

　　Article 26 The State implements the system of batch issuance of vaccines.

　　Before each batch of vaccine is sold or imported, it shall be audited and tested by the batch issuing agency designated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council in accordance with the relevant technical requirements. If it meets the requirements, a batch issuance certificate will be issued; Do not meet the requirements, issued a notice of disapproval.

　　Vaccines that are not issued in batches shall not be sold, and shall be destroyed under the supervision of the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; The imported vaccines that are not issued in batches shall be destroyed under the supervision of the drug supervision and administration department at the port location or otherwise handled according to law.

　　The State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and batch issuing institutions shall publish the batch issuing results of listed vaccines in time for public inquiry.

　　Article 27 To apply for batch issuance of vaccines, the batch issuing institution shall be provided with the batch production and inspection records, abstracts and other materials, and samples of products with the same batch number. Imported vaccines shall also provide certificates of origin and batch issuance; In case of exemption from batch issuance in the country of origin, a certificate of exemption from batch issuance shall be provided.

　　Twenty-eighth to prevent and control the epidemic situation of infectious diseases or to deal with emergencies, the vaccine is approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council, and is exempted from batch issuance.

　　Twenty-ninth batches of vaccines should be issued batch by batch for data review and sampling inspection. The inspection items and inspection frequency of vaccine batch issuance shall be dynamically adjusted according to the risk assessment of vaccine quality.

　　If there are doubts about the authenticity of the application materials or samples for vaccine batch issuance, or there are other situations that need further verification, the batch issuing institution shall verify them, and if necessary, organize on-site verification by means of on-site sampling inspection.

　　Thirtieth batch issuing institutions found that there are significant quality risks in the process of batch issuance of vaccines, it shall promptly report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.

　　The department that receives the report shall immediately conduct on-site inspection on the vaccine marketing license holder, notify the batch issuing institution not to approve or suspend the batch issuance of the relevant products or all products of the vaccine marketing license holder according to the inspection results, and order the vaccine marketing license holder to rectify. The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall immediately rectify and report the rectification to the department that ordered it to rectify in time.

　　Article 31 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall truthfully record the production process deviation, quality difference, faults and accidents in the production process and the measures taken, and specify them in the documents issued by the corresponding batch of products; If the quality of the vaccine may be affected, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall take immediate measures and report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Chapter IV Vaccine Circulation

　　Article 32 The national immunization program vaccine shall be subject to centralized bidding or unified negotiation by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council, and the winning bid price or transaction price shall be formed and announced, and all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall implement unified procurement.

　　Other EPI vaccines and non-EPI vaccines other than the national EPI vaccines are purchased by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government through provincial public resource trading platforms.

　　Article 33 The price of vaccine shall be set by the holder of vaccine marketing license independently and reasonably according to law. The price level, price difference rate and profit rate of vaccines should be kept within a reasonable range.

　　Article 34 Provincial institutions for disease prevention and control shall, according to the national immunization program and the needs of disease prevention and control in their respective administrative areas, formulate plans for vaccine use in immunization programs in their respective administrative areas, and report to the departments that organize vaccine procurement in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, and at the same time report to the health authorities of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for the record.

　　Thirty-fifth vaccine marketing license holders should supply vaccines to disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with the procurement contract.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions shall supply vaccines to vaccination units in accordance with regulations.

　　Units and individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions shall not supply vaccines to vaccination units, and vaccination units shall not receive the vaccines.

　　Article 36 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall distribute the vaccine to the disease prevention and control institution or the inoculation unit designated by the disease prevention and control institution in accordance with the purchase contract.

　　Vaccine marketing license holders and disease prevention and control institutions shall have the conditions for cold chain storage and transportation of vaccines, and may also entrust qualified vaccine distribution units to distribute vaccines.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions can charge storage and transportation fees for the distribution of non-immunization-planned vaccines. The specific measures shall be formulated by the financial department of the State Council in conjunction with the competent price department of the State Council, and the charging standards shall be formulated by the competent price department of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in conjunction with the financial department.

　　Thirty-seventh disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall abide by the management norms of vaccine storage and transportation to ensure the quality of vaccines.

　　Vaccines should be in the specified temperature environment during the whole process of storage and transportation, and the cold chain storage and transportation should meet the requirements, and the temperature should be monitored and recorded regularly.

　　The management standards for vaccine storage and transportation are jointly formulated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and the health department of the State Council.

　　Article 38 When selling vaccines, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall provide a copy of the batch issuance certificate or an electronic document stamped with his seal; Sales of imported vaccines, should also provide a copy of the customs clearance form for imported drugs or electronic documents stamped with its seal.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall, when receiving or purchasing vaccines, obtain the supporting documents specified in the preceding paragraph and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Article 39 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall, in accordance with the regulations, establish a true, accurate and complete sales record and keep it for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and vaccine distribution units shall, in accordance with regulations, establish true, accurate and complete records of receipt, purchase, storage, distribution and supply, and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　When the disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units receive or purchase vaccines, they shall obtain the temperature monitoring records of the whole process of transportation and storage, and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine; If the temperature monitoring records of the whole transportation and storage process cannot be provided or the temperature control does not meet the requirements, it shall not be accepted or purchased, and it shall immediately report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department and the health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level.

　　Article 40 Disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation entities shall establish a system of regular inspection of vaccines, and take measures such as isolated storage and setting warning signs for vaccines with unrecognizable packaging, unqualified storage temperature, and expiration date, and dispose of them in accordance with the provisions of the State Council drug supervision and administration department, health department and ecological environment department. Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall truthfully record the disposal situation, and the disposal records shall be kept for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

Chapter V Vaccination

　　Forty-first the State Council health authorities to develop a national immunization program; The types of vaccines under the National Immunization Program shall be drawn up by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council, and published after being approved by the State Council.

　　The competent department of health in the State Council established the national immunization program expert advisory committee, and established the dynamic adjustment mechanism of vaccine types in the national immunization program together with the financial department of the State Council.

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, when implementing the national immunization program, increase the types of vaccines for immunization programs according to the needs of disease prevention and control in their respective administrative areas, and report them to the health authorities in the State Council for the record and publication.

　　Forty-second the State Council health authorities should formulate and publish vaccination work norms, and strengthen the standardized management of vaccination.

　　The competent department of health in the State Council shall formulate and publish the immunization procedures of the national immunization program vaccine and the guiding principles for the use of the non-immunization program vaccine.

　　The competent health authorities of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate vaccination plans in light of the actual conditions of their respective administrative regions and report them to the competent health authorities of the State Council for the record.

　　Forty-third disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, according to their respective responsibilities, carry out publicity, training, technical guidance, monitoring, evaluation, epidemiological investigation and emergency response related to vaccination.

　　Article 44 An inoculation entity shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) Obtaining the practice license of a medical institution;

　　(2) Having doctors, nurses or rural doctors who have received professional vaccination training organized by the health authorities of the people’s government at the county level and passed the examination;

　　(3) Having cold storage facilities, equipment and a cold storage system that meet the management standards for vaccine storage and transportation.

　　The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall designate qualified medical institutions to undertake the immunization program vaccination work in the responsible area. Eligible medical institutions can undertake non-immunization vaccination work, and shall report to the competent health department that issued the practice license of their medical institutions for the record.

　　Vaccination units should strengthen internal management, and carry out vaccination work should abide by vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, vaccine use guidelines and vaccination programs.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall strengthen the technical guidance on vaccination work of vaccination units and the management of vaccine use.

　　Article 45 When carrying out vaccination, medical and health personnel shall inform the recipients or their guardians of the varieties, functions, contraindications, adverse reactions, on-site observation and other matters needing attention, inquire about the health status of the recipients and whether there are any contraindications to vaccination, and record the information truthfully. The recipient or his guardian shall truthfully provide the health status and vaccination contraindications of the recipient. If vaccination is forbidden, medical and health personnel shall give medical advice to the recipient or his guardian, and truthfully record the medical advice.

　　Before vaccination, medical and health personnel should check the health status of the recipients, check the vaccination contraindications, check the vaccination certificate, check the appearance, batch number and expiration date of the vaccine and syringe, check the name and age of the recipients and the name, specification, dosage, vaccination site and vaccination route of the vaccine, and ensure that the recipients, vaccination certificate and vaccine information are consistent before vaccination can be implemented.

　　Medical and health personnel shall vaccinate the recipients who meet the vaccination conditions. In case of adverse reactions of the seed recipients during the on-site observation, medical and health personnel shall take timely treatment and other measures in accordance with the requirements of vaccination work norms.

　　Article 46 Medical and health personnel shall truthfully, accurately and completely record the vaccination information such as the vaccine variety, the identification information of the marketing license holder, the smallest packaging unit, the expiration date, the vaccination time, the medical and health personnel who carried out the vaccination, the recipients, etc. in accordance with the regulations of the health authorities in the State Council, so as to ensure that the vaccination information can be traced and inquired. Vaccination records shall be kept for no less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Article 47 The state practices a vaccination certificate system for children. Within one month after a child is born, his guardian shall apply for a vaccination certificate at the vaccination unit or the birth hospital where the child lives. The vaccination unit or the hospital of birth shall not refuse to handle it. The guardian shall properly keep the vaccination certificate.

　　Vaccination shall be administered by the place of residence. During the period when children leave their original place of residence, the vaccination unit undertaking vaccination at the current place of residence shall be responsible for vaccination.

　　The format of vaccination certificate shall be stipulated by the competent health department of the State Council.

　　Article 48 When children enter kindergartens and schools, nursery institutions and schools should check their vaccination certificates. If they find that they have not been vaccinated in accordance with the regulations, they should report to the vaccination unit where the children live or where the nursery institutions and schools are located, and cooperate with the vaccination unit to urge their guardians to replant in accordance with the regulations. Disease prevention and control institutions shall provide technical guidance for kindergartens and schools to check vaccination certificates.

　　Measures for the inspection of children’s nursery and school vaccination certificates shall be formulated by the competent department of health of the State Council in conjunction with the administrative department of education of the State Council.

　　Forty-ninth vaccination units shall not charge any fees for vaccination.

　　Inoculation units can charge vaccination service fees in addition to vaccine fees for non-immunization programs. The charging standards for vaccination service fees shall be formulated by the competent price departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in conjunction with the financial departments.

　　Article 50 The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level may, according to the information of infectious disease monitoring and early warning, report to the people’s government at the corresponding level for decision and report to the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level for the record, and carry out mass vaccination in the administrative area.

　　If it is necessary to carry out mass vaccination nationwide or across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, it shall be decided by the health authorities in the State Council.

　　The local people’s government at or above the county level or the competent department of health in the State Council, which has made the decision on mass vaccination, shall organize the relevant departments to do a good job in personnel training, publicity and education, and material mobilization.

　　No unit or individual may carry out mass vaccination without authorization.

　　Article 51 If the local people’s governments at or above the county level or their health authorities need to take emergency vaccination measures during the outbreak and epidemic of infectious diseases, it shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

Chapter VI Monitoring and Handling of Abnormal Reaction

　　Article 52 The term "abnormal reaction to vaccination" refers to the adverse drug reaction that a qualified vaccine causes damage to the tissues, organs and functions of the recipient during or after the implementation of standardized vaccination, and all parties concerned are not at fault.

　　The following situations do not belong to the abnormal reaction of vaccination:

　　(a) the general reaction after vaccination caused by the characteristics of the vaccine itself;

　　(2) Damage caused to the recipients due to vaccine quality problems;

　　(three) the damage caused to the recipients by the vaccination unit’s violation of the vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, guiding principles for vaccine use, and vaccination programs;

　　(four) the recipient is in the incubation period or precursor period of a disease at the time of inoculation, and the disease is coupled after inoculation;

　　(5) The recipient has vaccination contraindications specified in the vaccine instructions, and the recipient or his guardian failed to truthfully provide the health status and vaccination contraindications of the recipient before vaccination, and the original disease of the recipient has an acute recurrence or aggravation after vaccination;

　　(6) Psychogenic reactions of individuals or groups due to psychological factors.

　　Article 53 The State shall strengthen the monitoring of abnormal reactions to vaccination. The monitoring plan for abnormal reaction of vaccination shall be formulated by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council.

　　Fifty-fourth vaccination units, medical institutions and other suspected abnormal reactions to vaccination shall report to the disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with regulations.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall set up a special institution with full-time staff to actively collect, track and analyze the suspected abnormal vaccination reactions, take timely risk control measures, report the suspected abnormal vaccination reactions to the disease prevention and control institutions, and submit the quality analysis report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Article 55 In case of suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination, the disease prevention and control institutions shall report it in time according to the regulations, organize investigation and diagnosis, and inform the recipients or their guardians of the conclusions of the investigation and diagnosis. If the conclusion of the investigation and diagnosis is controversial, you can apply for appraisal according to the appraisal method formulated by the competent department of health in the State Council.

　　Due to vaccination, the recipient dies, is severely disabled, or has a significant impact on the society, such as group suspected vaccination abnormal reaction. The competent health department and drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government at or above the municipal level with districts shall, according to their respective functions and duties, organize investigation and handling.

　　Article 56 The state practices a compensation system for abnormal reactions to vaccination. In the process of vaccination or after vaccination, the recipient’s death, serious disability, organ and tissue damage and other damages are abnormal reactions to vaccination or cannot be ruled out, and compensation should be given. The scope of compensation shall be managed by catalogue and dynamically adjusted according to the actual situation.

　　The compensation expenses required for immunization planning vaccine shall be arranged by the financial departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the vaccination funds; The compensation expenses required for vaccination of non-EPI vaccines shall be borne by the holders of relevant vaccine marketing licenses. The state encourages people who have received abnormal vaccination to be compensated through commercial insurance and other forms.

　　Compensation for abnormal reaction of vaccination should be timely, convenient and reasonable. The scope, standards and procedures of compensation for abnormal reaction of vaccination shall be stipulated by the State Council, and the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate specific implementation measures.

Chapter VII Post-marketing Management of Vaccines

　　Article 57 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall establish and improve the quality management system of the whole life cycle of the vaccine, formulate and implement the post-marketing risk management plan of the vaccine, conduct post-marketing research of the vaccine, and further confirm the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of the vaccine.

　　For vaccines that require further research when approving the application for vaccine registration, the vaccine marketing license holder shall complete the research within the prescribed time limit; If the research is not completed within the time limit or it cannot be proved that the benefits outweigh the risks, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall handle it according to law until the drug registration certificate of the vaccine is cancelled.

　　Fifty-eighth vaccine marketing license holders should carry out quality tracking analysis of vaccines, continuously improve quality control standards, improve production processes, and improve the stability of production processes.

　　If the production process, production site and key equipment are changed, it shall be evaluated and verified, and filed or reported in accordance with the provisions of the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council on change management; Changes that may affect the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of vaccines shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council.

　　Article 59 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall continuously update the instructions and labels according to the post-marketing research and abnormal reaction of vaccination, and apply for approval or filing in accordance with regulations.

　　The State Council drug supervision and administration department shall publish the updated vaccine instructions and labels on its website in time.

　　Article 60 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall establish a system of retrospective analysis and risk reporting of vaccine quality, and truthfully report the production and circulation of vaccine, post-marketing research and risk management to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council every year according to regulations.

　　Article 61 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council may, according to the actual situation, order the holder of vaccine marketing license to carry out post-marketing evaluation or directly organize post-marketing evaluation.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall cancel the drug registration certificate of the vaccine that has a serious abnormal reaction to vaccination or is harmful to human health for other reasons.

　　Article 62 The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the State Council may, according to the needs of disease prevention and control and the development of vaccine industry, organize post-marketing evaluation of vaccine varieties. If it is found that the product design, production process, safety, effectiveness or quality controllability of this vaccine variety are obviously inferior to other vaccine varieties for preventing and controlling the same disease, it shall cancel the drug registration certificates of all vaccines of this variety and abolish the corresponding national drug standards.

Chapter VIII Safeguard Measures

　　Sixty-third people’s governments at or above the county level shall include the funds needed for vaccine safety, purchase of planned vaccines for immunization, vaccination and information construction in the government budget at the corresponding level to ensure the implementation of the immunization planning system.

　　The people’s government at the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, grant subsidies to rural doctors and other primary medical and health personnel engaged in vaccination work.

　　The state supports vaccination work in economically underdeveloped areas according to needs. The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and the people’s governments at the municipal level divided into districts shall give necessary financial subsidies to the people’s governments at the county level in economically underdeveloped areas to carry out the work related to vaccination.

　　Article 64 The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the epidemic trend of infectious diseases in their respective administrative areas, determine the projects related to vaccination within the scope of infectious disease prevention and control projects determined by the health authorities in the State Council, and ensure the implementation of the projects.

　　Article 65 The competent health authorities of the State Council shall provide the vaccine marketing license holders with information on the vaccine demand of the national immunization program according to the vaccine use plans of the national immunization programs of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the vaccine marketing license holders shall make reasonable arrangements for production according to the vaccine demand information.

　　When there is a risk of vaccine supply shortage, the health authorities in the State Council and the drug supervision and administration departments in the State Council put forward suggestions, and the departments in charge of industry and information technology in the State Council and the finance department in the State Council should take effective measures to ensure vaccine production and supply.

　　The holder of vaccine marketing license shall organize production according to law to ensure vaccine supply; If the holder of the vaccine marketing license stops vaccine production, it shall report to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council or the drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government in time.

　　Article 66 The State shall include vaccines in the strategic material reserve, and implement the reserve at the central and provincial levels.

　　The competent department of industry and information technology in the State Council and the financial department shall, jointly with the health authorities, public security departments, market supervision and management departments and drug supervision and management departments in the State Council, strengthen the production capacity and product management of vaccine reserves and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism according to the needs of disease prevention, control and public health emergency preparedness.

　　Sixty-seventh financial arrangements at all levels for vaccination funds should be earmarked, and no unit or individual may misappropriate or occupy them.

　　The relevant units and individuals shall accept the audit supervision of audit institutions in accordance with the law when using the funds for vaccination.

　　Article 68 The State implements a compulsory vaccine liability insurance system.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall take out compulsory vaccine liability insurance in accordance with the regulations. If the vaccine quality problem causes damage to the recipient, the insurance company shall pay compensation within the insured liability limit.

　　The specific measures for the implementation of the compulsory vaccine liability insurance system shall be formulated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council in conjunction with the health authorities of the State Council and the insurance supervision and administration institutions.

　　Article 69 When an infectious disease breaks out and is prevalent, the holder of the relevant vaccine marketing license shall timely produce and supply vaccines for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Transportation units should give priority to the transportation of vaccines for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall do a good job in organization, coordination and guarantee.

Chapter IX Supervision and Administration

　　Article 70 The drug supervision and administration department and the competent health department shall, according to their respective functions and duties, supervise and manage the whole process of vaccine development, production, circulation and vaccination, and supervise the holders of vaccine marketing license, disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units to perform their obligations according to law.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall supervise and inspect the quality of vaccines in vaccine development, production, storage, transportation and vaccination according to law. Health authorities shall supervise and inspect the implementation of immunization planning system and vaccination activities according to law.

　　The drug supervision and administration department shall strengthen the on-site inspection of vaccine marketing license holders; When necessary, units and individuals that provide products or services for vaccine development, production, circulation and other activities may be subject to extended inspection; The relevant units and individuals shall cooperate and shall not refuse or conceal.

　　Article 71 The state builds a team of professional and specialized drug inspectors at the central and provincial levels, and strengthens the supervision and inspection of vaccines.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall send inspectors to the holders of vaccine marketing licenses. Inspectors are responsible for supervising and inspecting the implementation of good manufacturing practice, collecting clues about vaccine quality risks and violations of laws and regulations, reporting the situation to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and making suggestions, and being responsible for the behavior during their stationing.

　　Article 72 If there are potential safety hazards in vaccine quality management, and the holder of vaccine marketing license fails to take timely measures to eliminate them, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department may take measures such as responsibility interview and rectification within a time limit.

　　Serious violation of drug-related quality management norms, the drug supervision and administration department shall order the suspension of vaccine production, sales and distribution, and immediately rectify; After the rectification is completed, production, sales and distribution can only be resumed if the drug supervision and administration department checks that it meets the requirements.

　　The drug supervision and administration department shall establish a credit record system for vaccine marketing license holders and their related personnel, incorporate it into the national credit information sharing platform, publicize their serious dishonesty information in accordance with the regulations, and implement joint punishment.

　　Article 73 If there are or are suspected to be quality problems with vaccines, the vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation entities shall immediately stop selling, distributing and using, and stop production if necessary, and report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level in accordance with regulations. The competent health department shall immediately organize disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units to take necessary emergency measures and report to the competent health department of the people’s government at a higher level. The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall take measures such as sealing up and detaining according to law. For vaccines that have been sold, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall promptly notify the relevant disease prevention and control institutions, vaccine distribution units and inoculation units, recall them in accordance with regulations, and truthfully record the recall and notification, and the disease prevention and control institutions, vaccine distribution units and inoculation units shall cooperate.

　　If the production, sale, distribution, use or recall of vaccines are not stopped in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to their respective functions and duties, order them to stop production, sale, distribution, use or recall of vaccines.

　　Vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions, and vaccination units shall not conceal, falsely report, delay reporting or omit reporting vaccines that have or are suspected to have quality problems, and shall not conceal, forge or destroy relevant evidence.

　　Article 74 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall establish an information disclosure system, and timely disclose information such as vaccine product information, instructions and labels, implementation of relevant quality management standards for drugs, batch issuance, recall, acceptance of inspection and punishment, and compulsory insurance for vaccine liability on its website in accordance with regulations.

　　Article 75 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall establish an information sharing mechanism on vaccine quality and vaccination together with the health authorities of the State Council.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall organize vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, news media, scientific research units, etc. to exchange information on vaccine quality and vaccination in accordance with the principles of science, objectivity, timeliness and openness.

　　Article 76 The State implements a unified system for publishing vaccine safety information.

　　Vaccine safety risk warning information, major vaccine safety accidents and their investigation and handling information, and other vaccine safety information determined by the State Council that needs to be published uniformly shall be published by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council jointly with relevant departments. The national report on the abnormal reaction to vaccination shall be uniformly published by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. The above information shall not be released without authorization. The release of major vaccine safety information should be timely, accurate and comprehensive, and scientific evaluation should be made in accordance with the provisions, and necessary explanations should be made.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall immediately verify and analyze the vaccine safety information that may mislead the public and public opinion, in conjunction with the health authorities and other relevant departments, professional institutions and relevant vaccine marketing license holders, and publish the results in a timely manner.

　　No unit or individual may fabricate or disseminate false vaccine safety information.

　　Article 77 Any unit or individual has the right to know vaccine information according to law and put forward opinions and suggestions on vaccine supervision and management.

　　Any unit or individual has the right to report vaccine violations to the health authorities, drug supervision and administration departments and other departments, and to report to the people’s government at the same level or higher level and its relevant departments and supervisory organs if the health authorities, drug supervision and administration departments and their staff fail to perform their supervisory and administrative duties according to law. The relevant departments and organs shall promptly verify and deal with it; Reward informants for verified reports in accordance with regulations; Informants who report serious illegal acts of their units and verify them are rewarded handsomely.

　　Article 78 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate emergency plans for vaccine safety incidents, and stipulate the classification of vaccine safety incidents, the organization and command system and responsibilities for handling, the prevention and early warning mechanism, the handling procedures and emergency safeguard measures.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall formulate a plan for handling vaccine safety incidents, regularly check the implementation of various preventive measures, and eliminate potential safety hazards in time.

　　In the event of a vaccine safety incident, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall immediately report to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council or the drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government; Disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions shall immediately report to the health authorities and drug supervision and administration departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level. The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall, jointly with the health authorities, set up a command organization for handling vaccine safety incidents in accordance with the provisions of the emergency plan, carry out medical treatment, risk control, investigation and handling, information release, explanation and other work, and do a good job in the aftermath of replanting. The cost of replanting vaccine safety incidents caused by quality problems shall be borne by the holder of vaccine marketing license.

　　The relevant units and individuals shall not conceal, falsely report, delay reporting or omit reporting vaccine safety incidents, and shall not conceal, forge or destroy relevant evidence.

Chapter X Legal Liability

　　Article 79 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and constitutes a crime shall be severely investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　Article 80 If the vaccines produced and sold belong to counterfeit drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income, vaccines produced and sold illegally, raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other articles specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, revoke the pharmaceutical registration certificate until the pharmaceutical production license is revoked, and impose a fine of not less than 15 times but not more than 50 times the value of vaccines produced and sold illegally. If the value of vaccines is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan.

　　If the vaccines produced and sold are inferior drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income and vaccines produced and sold illegally, as well as raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other items specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, and impose a fine of not less than 10 times but not more than 30 times the value of vaccines produced and sold illegally. If the value is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, the drug registration certificate shall be revoked until the drug production license is revoked.

　　If the vaccines produced and sold are fake drugs, or the vaccines produced and sold are inferior drugs and the circumstances are serious, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the income earned by the unit during the illegal act, impose a fine of more than one time and less than ten times the income earned, prohibit the pharmaceutical production and business activities for life, and be detained by the public security organ for more than five days and less than fifteen days.

　　Article 81 Under any of the following circumstances, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income and vaccines illegally produced and sold, as well as raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other articles specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, and impose a fine of not less than 15 times but not more than 50 times the value of illegally produced and sold vaccines. If the value is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the relevant drug approval documents shall be revoked until the drug production license is revoked. The legal representative, principal responsible person, directly responsible person in charge, key position personnel and other responsible personnel shall be confiscated, and they shall be fined more than 50% but less than 10 times of the income earned. They shall be prohibited from engaging in drug production and business activities for ten years until life, and shall be detained by public security organs for more than five days and less than fifteen days:

　　(1) Providing false data, materials, samples or committing other deceptive acts when applying for clinical trials, registration and batch issuance of vaccines;

　　(two) fabricating production and inspection records or changing the batch number of products;

　　(3) Units or individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions supply vaccines to vaccination units;

　　(four) commissioned the production of vaccines without approval;

　　(five) the production process, production site, key equipment and other changes in accordance with the provisions should be approved without approval;

　　(6) Updating vaccine instructions and labels shall be approved without approval according to regulations.

　　Article 82 Unless otherwise provided for in this Law, if the holder of vaccine marketing license or any other unit violates the relevant quality control standards of drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning; Refuses to correct, a fine of two hundred thousand yuan and five hundred thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 3 million yuan shall be imposed, and the company shall be ordered to suspend production and business for rectification until the relevant drug approval documents and drug production licenses are revoked. The legal representative, principal responsible person, directly responsible person in charge, personnel in key positions and other responsible personnel shall be confiscated from their own units during the illegal act, and a fine of not less than 50% but not more than 5 times shall be imposed, and they shall be prohibited from engaging in drug production and business activities for ten years until life.

　　Article 83 If a holder of a vaccine marketing license violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall order him to make corrections and give him a warning; Refuses to correct, a fine of two hundred thousand yuan and five hundred thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend production and business for rectification, and a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2 million yuan shall be imposed:

　　(1) Failing to establish an electronic traceability system for vaccines as required;

　　(two) the legal representative, the main person in charge, the person in charge of production management, the person in charge of quality management, the quality authorized person and other key positions do not meet the prescribed conditions or fail to carry out training and assessment in accordance with the provisions;

　　(3) Failing to report or put on record as required;

　　(4) Failing to carry out post-marketing research in accordance with the regulations, or failing to set up institutions and staff in accordance with the regulations to actively collect, track and analyze suspected abnormal reactions to vaccination;

　　(5) Failing to take out compulsory vaccine liability insurance as required;

　　(six) the information disclosure system is not established in accordance with the provisions.

　　Article 84 If a batch issuing institution violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning, and the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning according to law until demotion:

　　(1) Failing to conduct examination and inspection in accordance with the provisions;

　　(2) Failing to announce the results of batch issuance of vaccines on the market in time;

　　(3) Failing to verify in accordance with the provisions;

　　(4) Failing to report the major quality risks of the vaccine as required.

　　If, in violation of the provisions of this Law, the batch issuing institution fails to issue a batch issuing certificate or refuses to issue a batch issuing notice in accordance with the provisions, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall order it to make corrections, give it a warning, and demote or dismiss the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law.

　　Article 85 If disease prevention and control institutions, inoculation units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units violate the requirements of cold chain storage and transportation in the management norms for vaccine storage and transportation, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning, destroy the illegally stored and transported vaccines and confiscate their illegal income; Refuses to correct, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders, vaccine distribution units at more than two hundred thousand yuan to one million yuan fine; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be fined for illegally storing and transporting vaccines for more than 10 times and less than 30 times. If the value is less than 100,000 yuan, the vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be ordered to stop production and suspend business for rectification until the relevant approval documents and drug production licenses are revoked, and the legal representatives, principals and direct responsibilities of the vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be directly responsible.

　　If the disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units commit illegal acts as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall give a warning to the main person in charge, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law until they are dismissed, and order the responsible medical and health personnel to suspend their practice activities for more than one year and less than 18 months; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the inoculation qualification of the inoculation unit may be revoked, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 86 If disease prevention and control institutions, inoculation entities, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution entities violate the management norms of vaccine storage and transportation other than those specified in Article 85 of this Law, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning and confiscate their illegal income; Refuses to correct, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders, vaccine distribution units at more than one hundred thousand yuan to three hundred thousand yuan fine; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination unit, vaccine marketing license holder and vaccine distribution unit shall be fined for illegally storing and transporting vaccines with a value of more than three times and less than ten times. If the value is less than 100,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 100,000 yuan.

　　If the disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units commit illegal acts as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the health department of the people’s government at or above the county level may give warning to the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law until dismissal, and order the responsible medical and health personnel to suspend their practice activities for more than six months and less than one year; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 87 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, give it a warning and confiscate its illegal income; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning until dismissal, and the responsible medical and health personnel shall be ordered to suspend their practice activities for more than one year and less than 18 months; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department:

　　(1) Failing to supply, receive or purchase vaccines as required;

　　(two) vaccination did not comply with the vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, vaccine use guidelines, vaccination program;

　　(three) unauthorized mass vaccination.

　　Article 88 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning until dismissal, and the responsible medical and health personnel shall be ordered to suspend their practice activities for more than six months and less than one year; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department:

　　(1) Failing to provide traceability information as required;

　　(2) Failing to obtain and keep relevant certification documents and temperature monitoring records in accordance with regulations when receiving or purchasing vaccines;

　　(3) Failing to establish and keep records of vaccine receipt, purchase, storage, distribution, supply, inoculation and disposal in accordance with regulations;

　　(4) Failing to inform or ask the recipient or his guardian about the situation in accordance with the regulations.

　　Article 89 If disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions fail to report suspected abnormal vaccination reactions and vaccine safety incidents in accordance with regulations, or fail to organize investigation and diagnosis of suspected abnormal vaccination reactions in accordance with regulations, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections and give them a warning; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination units and medical institutions shall be fined between 50,000 yuan and 500,000 yuan, and the principal responsible persons, directly responsible personnel in charge and other directly responsible personnel of the disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions shall be given a warning according to law until dismissal; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 90 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit collects fees in violation of the provisions of this Law, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall supervise it to return the illegally collected fees to the unit or individual who originally paid the fees, and the market supervision and management department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall punish it according to law.

　　Article 91 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in immunization planning vaccination without being designated by the competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level, or engages in non-immunization planning vaccination that does not meet the requirements or has not been put on record, shall be ordered by the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, give a warning, confiscate the illegal income and illegally held vaccines, be ordered to suspend business for rectification, and be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan. The principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

　　In violation of the provisions of this law, units or individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units carry out mass vaccination without authorization, and the health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income and illegally held vaccines, and impose a fine of not less than 10 times but not more than 30 times the value of illegally held vaccines. If the value is less than 50,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 50,000 yuan.

　　Ninety-second guardians who fail to ensure that school-age children are vaccinated on time according to law shall be criticized and educated by the health authorities of the people’s government at the county level and ordered to make corrections.

　　Nursery institutions and schools that fail to check vaccination certificates in accordance with the regulations when children enter kindergartens and schools, or fail to report to the vaccination unit after discovering children who have not been vaccinated in accordance with the regulations, the education administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning, and punish the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law.

　　Article 93 Whoever fabricates or disseminates false vaccine safety information, or makes trouble in the inoculation unit, which constitutes a violation of public security administration, shall be punished by the public security organ according to law.

　　Newspapers, periodicals, radio, television, Internet sites and other media fabricate and disseminate false information about vaccine safety, and the relevant departments shall punish them according to law, and the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

　　Article 94 If the local people’s governments at or above the county level have any of the following circumstances in vaccine supervision and management, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be demoted or dismissed according to law; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed according to law; Causing serious consequences, the main person in charge shall resign:

　　(a) ineffective performance of duties, resulting in serious adverse effects or heavy losses;

　　(2) Concealing, misrepresenting, delaying or omitting vaccine safety incidents;

　　(3) Interfering with or obstructing the investigation of vaccine violations or vaccine safety incidents;

　　(four) a particularly serious vaccine safety accident occurred in the administrative area, or a series of major vaccine safety accidents occurred.

　　Article 95 If the drug supervision and administration department, health department and other departments have any of the following circumstances in vaccine supervision and management, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be demoted or dismissed according to law; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed according to law; Causing serious consequences, the main person in charge shall resign:

　　(a) failing to perform the duties of supervision and inspection, or failing to investigate and deal with illegal acts in time;

　　(two) unauthorized mass vaccination;

　　(3) Concealing, misrepresenting, delaying or omitting vaccine safety incidents;

　　(4) Interfering with or obstructing the investigation of vaccine violations or vaccine safety incidents;

　　(5) divulging the information of informants;

　　(six) received a report on the suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination, and failed to organize the investigation and handling in accordance with the provisions;

　　(seven) other acts that fail to perform the duties of vaccine supervision and management, resulting in serious adverse effects or heavy losses.

　　Article 96 If the vaccine quality problem causes damage to the recipients, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall be liable for compensation according to law.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units that violate vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, guiding principles for the use of vaccines, and vaccination programs, causing damage to the recipients, shall be liable for compensation according to law.

Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 97 The meanings of the following terms in this Law are:

　　Immunization vaccines refer to vaccines that residents should be vaccinated in accordance with government regulations, including vaccines determined by the national immunization program, vaccines added by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government when implementing the national immunization program, and vaccines used for emergency vaccination or mass vaccination organized by the people’s governments at or above the county level or their health authorities.

　　Non-EPI vaccines refer to other vaccines voluntarily vaccinated by residents.

　　The holder of vaccine marketing license refers to an enterprise that has obtained the registration certificate of vaccine drugs and the drug production license according to law.

　　Article 98 The State encourages vaccine production enterprises to produce and export vaccines in accordance with international procurement requirements.

　　The exported vaccine shall meet the standards or contract requirements of the importing country (region).

　　Article 99 Entry-exit vaccination and procurement of required vaccines shall be separately stipulated by the frontier health and quarantine organ in consultation with the financial department of the State Council.

　　Article 100 This Law shall come into force as of December 1, 2019.

　　● Installing elevators in old communities not only helps to alleviate the problem of "travel difficulties" of the elderly in the aging society, but also is a powerful measure to promote the transformation of old communities. At present, the modes of installing elevators mainly include agent leasing, self-construction by residents and investment by property rights units or collective organizations.

　　● At present, there are still various problems in practice. For example, it is difficult to get residents’ satisfaction by installing elevators. Some residents refuse to install elevators because of sharing the cost and causing inconvenience to their lives. Some residents regret after installing elevators, which leads to many community contradictions and disputes.

　　● In terms of policy design, local governments can further improve the voting rules for installing elevators within the legal framework; Formulate quantitative compensation standards according to disputed matters; According to the frequently disputed problems in the process of elevator installation and the technical problems that residents are generally concerned about, relevant action guidelines or operation manuals shall be worked out.

　　□ Trainee reporter of this newspaper Sun Tianjiao Zhang Shoukun

　　□ Our reporter Han Dandong

　　At 10 am on January 15th, 76-year-old Uncle Wang was sitting on the community promenade in Gaojiayuan Community, Chaoyang District, Beijing, chatting with his neighbors. This is the first time he went downstairs in nearly half a month.

　　The residential area where Uncle Wang lives was built in 1980s, and it is a six-story unit building with no elevator. He lives on the top floor. Because of the inconvenience of his legs and feet, he usually doesn’t go downstairs. The necessities of daily life are sent by his son who lives in the same city every few days.

　　"If only there were an elevator outside the building, it would be much more convenient to go up and down." Uncle Wang is looking forward to it.

　　Nowadays, in cities, there are more and more elderly people like Uncle Wang who are "difficult to climb the stairs" and "not free to go downstairs". According to the statistics of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other relevant departments, the number of old houses built in China from 1980 to 2000 is about 8 billion square meters, and more than 70% of the urban elderly people live in old buildings without elevators. It is estimated that the number of elevators needed to be installed in old buildings in China is more than 2 million.

　　In recent years, the national and local authorities have paid more and more attention to the elevator installation project in old residential areas. According to the official news of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, since 2019, 112,000 old urban communities have been newly started and renovated nationwide, and nearly 20,000 elevators have been installed in various places in combination with the renovation of old urban communities.

　　In terms of quantity, the gap of installing elevators in old communities is still large. However, according to a recent investigation by the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily, there are still various problems in practice. For example, it is difficult to get residents’ agreement on installing elevators. Some residents refuse to install elevators because of cost sharing and inconvenience in life, and some residents regret after installing elevators, which has led to many community contradictions and disputes.

　　Experts interviewed by the reporter agreed that it is indeed necessary to install elevator projects in old communities, but it is necessary to establish a more clear and understandable policy system and update rules to form a more perfect interest coordination mechanism.

　　Install elevators in old communities.

　　High-rise residents have received constant praise.

　　Uncle Zhang, who lives in Building 50, Tiantan Dongli, Dongcheng District, Beijing, is luckier than Uncle Wang — — The outdoor elevator has been installed in the residential unit building where he lives.

　　Uncle Zhang is over 70 years old this year, and a family of five lives on the sixth floor of Unit 4. Before the elevator was installed, everyone in the family was full of complaints about going up and down the stairs: grandson usually goes to school and wants to play with his friends, always complaining that climbing stairs is tiring and wasting time; The old couple usually buy food or take heavy things outside, and it is particularly difficult to move upstairs.

　　In 2018, the community installed outdoor elevators for units 3 and 4, which made it much more convenient for residents to swipe their cards and go upstairs and downstairs.

　　At the end of December 2021, the reporter came to the community to see that in addition to the elevators already built in Units 3 and 4, a new external elevator was being built between Units 1 and 2. A passing unit resident said, "We were envious when we saw that they had an elevator. Now we finally have it, so we don’t have to climb the stairs."

　　The reporter interviewed a number of elderly people randomly and found that after the installation of elevators in old communities, high-rise residents received constant praise.

　　In the Beili Community of Fatou, Chaoyang District, Beijing, the reporter saw that the highest floor of this old community built in the 1980s is 6 floors. In front of Building 16, four completed external elevators have been erected, and several elevators are under construction in front of Building 17.

　　On the wing of Building 17, the reporter saw Ms. Han who went downstairs for a walk. Ms. Han, 78, lives with her wife on the 4th floor, Unit 3, Building 17. Because there is no elevator, it is inconvenient to go up and down the stairs. My son once proposed to buy a house with an elevator for them, but the parents could not bear to part with the neighborhood, so they gave up.

　　"Fortunately, it is necessary to install an elevator now. For our family, it really saves time, effort and money." Ms. Han said.

　　According to Yang Qinfa, director of the Institute of Real Estate Policy and Law of East China University of Political Science and Law, the installation of elevators in old communities not only helps to alleviate the problem of travel difficulties for the elderly in an aging society, but also is a powerful measure to promote the transformation of old communities. At the same time, it is a major livelihood project to promote the installation of elevators in old residential areas. Apart from the broad market prospect of elevator industry, the installation of elevators in old residential areas can also promote the development of industrial chains related to real estate, which is also of great significance to stimulate residents’ consumption.

　　During the interview, the reporter found that the current mode of installing elevators in old communities is not exactly the same.

　　When Ms. Wang, who lives in the 6th floor, Unit 2, Building 17, an old residential area in xiaodian district, Taiyuan, Shanxi, installed the elevator in her residential area, she adopted a more traditional way of joint investment by residents. According to Ms. Wang, at that time, the government subsidized a lot of funds. The first to second floor residents did not bear the installation cost, and the expenses shared by the third to sixth floors varied according to the floor height, with a maximum of about 18,000 yuan. As the top resident, Ms. Wang contributed a total of 18,300 yuan.

　　Beijing Tiantan Dongli Building No.50 and Fatou Beili Community are different. It is understood that residents did not spend a penny when installing elevators in these two communities. After the elevators are built, residents can take the elevator card, just like taking a bus. Whoever takes the elevator will pay for it.

　　In front of the elevator in Building 50 in Dongli, Tiantan, the reporter found that non-resident visitors can also take the elevator by scanning the QR code through their mobile phones. The single price is 1.5 yuan, regardless of the floor. According to Uncle Zhang, residents in the building will get a "preferential price" after they get a card, which varies from 0.5 yuan to 0.9 yuan according to different floors. "Our family lives on the top floor, and every time we take the elevator, we have to spend 0.9 yuan. My grandson often goes back and forth after having the elevator. In fact, the cost is not small. Our family spends more than 100 yuan on the elevator every month."

　　At present, the elevators in Fatou Beili Community only support credit card use, and foreign visitors can’t ride without a card.

　　Yang Qinfa said that at present, there are three main modes of installing elevators, namely, residents’ self-construction, agent leasing and property rights units or collective organizations’ investment.

　　Yang Qinfa believes that among the three ways, the best way for residents is "agent leasing": the elevator is built by a third party, and residents in the community only need to pay a certain ride fee when using the elevator, and the maintenance fee, maintenance fee and electricity fee of the elevator are borne by the third party. This method can solve the problem of capital contribution among residents, but the difficulty lies in the will of the elevator company because of the great pressure on it. Therefore, at present, the owner’s self-financing and self-construction method is also being implemented.

　　Many problems cannot be ignored.

　　One-vote veto is controversial

　　Although the call for installing elevators is strong, the reporter randomly visited 12 old residential areas in Beijing and Tianjin and found that only three have installed elevators, and the number and proportion are still relatively small, and they have not covered all residential buildings. In addition, some residents have different troubles in the residential areas where elevators have been installed or planned.

　　Mr. Liu, a 76-year-old resident on the first floor of Unit 6, Building 16, Fatou Beili Community, said, "We are old neighbors for decades, so I agreed without any hesitation when I asked the residents about installing the elevator, but I encountered some troubles after installing the elevator."

　　Because he lives on the first floor, Mr. Liu immediately felt that the lighting in the room was affected after the elevator was built. Usually, the lighting in the living room is quite good, but even during the day after the elevator, you have to turn on the lights at home, otherwise you can’t see clearly.

　　In addition, outside the window of Mr. Liu’s kitchen is the elevator. When the elevator is designed, it extends a eaves, which is just as high as the window on the first floor. As a result, rain water will drip into Mr. Liu’s kitchen along the eaves when it rains, and the kitchen will become damp over time.

　　Ms. Wang of Taiyuan also feels that there are some problems: "The elevators in the community are installed outside the building, which takes up a lot of outdoor space, which affects the neatness, neatness and beauty of the outdoor, and therefore reduces the number of parking spaces."

　　Ms. Wang recalled that at that time, the low-rise residents in the next unit did not agree to install elevators, because it would reduce the rent and the selling price of second-hand houses. They even asked other residents to pay compensation, otherwise they would resolutely oppose it, so that everyone could not install elevators. "The residents of that unit also quarreled many times, and the neighborhood Committee could not mediate, and eventually it was not installed."

　　It is not uncommon for low-rise residents to oppose the installation of elevators. In Building 16, Beili Community, Fatou, no elevators have been installed in Units 2 and 4. The reporter learned from the residents that this was because the low-rise residents of Units 2 and 4 explicitly opposed it when soliciting the opinions of residents at that time, so they were not built at the same time.

　　It is reported that at present, the procedures for installing elevators in old residential areas in Beijing mainly refer to the Manual for Comprehensive Renovation of Old Residential Areas in Beijing issued by the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development in April 2020, in which the requirement for soliciting residents’ opinions is that "the intention and preliminary plan of installing elevators in existing multi-storey houses should fully listen to the opinions of all owners within the scope of the proposed installation of elevators, and be agreed by the owners whose exclusive parts account for more than two-thirds of the total construction area of the unit and more than two-thirds of the total number, and other owners have no objection".

　　This means that once residents clearly express their opposition, even if the proportion of owners who agree is up to standard, the unit still cannot be equipped with elevators.

　　Like Beijing, the "one-vote veto" system in which one person opposes the total denial of the installation of elevators in old residential areas has been "evaded" in many places through relevant regulations.

　　For example, in January, 2021, Shanghai Housing and Urban-Rural Development Management Committee and Shanghai Housing Authority jointly issued the Notice on Adjusting the Vote Proportion of Owners Adding Elevators to Existing Multi-storey Houses in this Municipality, which stipulated that applicants should fully negotiate on the intention and specific scheme of adding elevators, and solicit the opinions of all owners of the building where they are located. Owners with exclusive parts accounting for more than two-thirds of the area and more than two-thirds of the owners participated in the voting, and owners with exclusive parts accounting for more than three-quarters of the area participated in the voting.

　　The Interim Measures for the Installation of Elevators in Existing Houses in Qingdao also stipulates that if the owners fail to reach an agreement after full friendly consultation, the owners whose exclusive parts account for more than two-thirds of the area of this unit (this building) and whose number accounts for more than two-thirds will participate in the voting, and the written consent will be signed by the owners who participate in the voting for more than three-quarters of the exclusive parts and who participate in the voting.

　　According to Yang Qinfa, because the installation of elevators is a major issue related to joint ownership and management, in accordance with the provisions of Article 278 of the Civil Code, the legal voting procedures should be agreed by the owners who participate in voting for more than three-quarters of the exclusive area and more than three-quarters of the voting people. "The above regulations can obviously solve the current situation that one person’s opposition can hinder the installation of elevators."

　　However, Yang Qinfa said that there are more detailed regulations on elevator installation in various places, and at present, most of them are based on their local regulations. Whether to adopt the "one-vote veto system" on the issue of installing elevators in old communities to solicit residents’ opinions is still controversial.

　　Work together to solve difficult problems.

　　Fully protect the convenience and benefit the people.

　　In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the installation of elevators in old communities. The reporter found out that the renovation of old residential areas in the "14 th Five-Year Plan" for housing in many places involved the installation of elevators. For example, the "14 th Five-Year Plan for Urban Housing Development in Jiangsu Province" puts forward that "the shortcomings of public services such as child care, old-age care, and housekeeping should be filled, and the greening transformation and the aging transformation of existing multi-storey houses with elevators and barrier-free facilities should be encouraged"; The Tenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Urban Housing in Zhejiang Province puts forward measures such as accelerating the installation of elevators in residential buildings and vigorously improving the quality of living.

　　Yang Qinfa said that the installation of elevators in old residential areas involves different interests of residents in the community and requires a lot of coordination work; On the other hand, it involves complicated examination and approval procedures. For elevator installation enterprises, they are obviously more inclined to engage in elevator installation business in new houses with higher efficiency.

　　For the further improvement of installing elevators in old residential areas, Yang Qinfa proposed that policy design should be changed from rule-oriented to goal-oriented in the process of standardization. The service object of urban renewal is residents, so it is particularly important to establish a clear division of powers and responsibilities, standardized operating procedures, easy-to-understand policy system and renewal rules.

　　"Compared with regular policies, target-oriented policies tend to adopt the method of mobilizing governance in the specific implementation process, that is, pooling the main bodies and resources of the grassroots administrative system and community governance system as much as possible, which is conducive to promoting the efficient implementation of policies." Yang Qinfa suggested that in policy design, local governments can start from the following three aspects: to further improve the voting rules for installing elevators within the legal framework; Determine the compensation basis of relevant interests, and formulate quantitative compensation standards according to disputed matters, such as construction noise compensation; Accelerate the formulation of the code of conduct for elevator installation, and formulate relevant code of conduct or operation manual around the controversial common problems and technical problems that residents are generally concerned about in the process of elevator installation.

　　At the same time, he also noticed the problem of government responsibility boundary in the process of elevator installation. In the initial stage of urban renewal projects such as installing elevators, the government still needs to take the initiative to play its role, organize and coordinate various forces, and form a driving and demonstration. When the time is ripe, we will gradually withdraw and hand over the "right to speak" to residents, who will actively coordinate, declare and promote the project.

　　"For example, it is difficult for the owners to reach an agreement on the distribution of relevant interests through self-negotiation. The relief and compensation mechanism should be improved, such as clarifying that the examination and approval authorities include the administrative reconsideration organs of construction, planning, fire protection, housing management and other departments, and establishing a professional administrative mediation mechanism for the transformation of old communities. In addition, it is also necessary to combine local economic levels, transaction prices of second-hand houses and other factors, and formulate a unified bottom-up method for residents who benefit from the appreciation of elevator houses to compensate for the depreciation of elevator houses, and guide residents who benefit from installing elevators to compensate residents whose interests are damaged, which is in line with the principle of fairness and reduces the infringement on the legitimate rights and interests of damaged residents. " Yang Qinfa said.

　　In terms of funds, Xu Fei, a lawyer of Beijing Yinghe Law Firm, suggested that social capital should be fully introduced and a variety of funds should be used to solve the problem of financial difficulties in adding elevators. At the same time, the volume of a single elevator project will be expanded, and bidding will be conducted jointly to reduce the cost of adding a single elevator.

　　For the daily maintenance of elevators, Xu Fei believes that professional elevator maintenance units or property management companies should be introduced for custody to strengthen the daily management and maintenance of elevators.

　　Yang Qinfa also suggested that an interest coordination mechanism should be established in the process of co-governance. On the one hand, we can explore the implementation of the "divided household system" for members of community neighborhood committees, go deep into every household in the responsibility area, listen to and collect residents’ views and opinions on installing elevators, register them in categories, and reflect them to the government and enterprises for communication; On the other hand, under the leadership of the relevant authorities, the community can set up a discussion platform for renovation with the participation of neighborhood committees, construction units and residents’ self-governing organizations, so as to provide open, fair and just ways and opportunities for participants with different opinions to solve disputes.

　　"Installing an elevator is not a one-step process, and its process is complicated. In the stage of coordination of residents’ interests, project approval and publicity, elevator installation and acceptance and later operation and maintenance, in order to achieve different goals, multiple subjects need to cooperate with each other. " Yang Qinfa said.

In 2021, the relevant departments of the central government selected some cities and counties to carry out the first phase of party building in the field of road freight, and Danyang City was the first batch of pilot counties in Jiangsu Province. In the pilot work, the distinctive practice of "setting up a mobile party member Party branch relying on the traffic comprehensive law enforcement squadron to manage party member, an individual driver within the jurisdiction" created by Danyang has been fully affirmed by the competent authorities at all levels. The Ministry of Transport and the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Transportation have visited Danyang for investigation and guidance many times, and have been promoted nationwide and throughout the province.

I. Background and motivation

The manufacturing industry in Danyang is developed, and the export of raw materials and products is "two-headed", so there is a great demand for freight. There are 3,972 road freight operators in the city, including 838 enterprises and 3,134 self-employed households. There are 6,053 employees and 5,458 truck drivers, including 2,311 corporate drivers, 3,147 individual drivers and 88 drivers in party member, accounting for 1.6% of the drivers. The survey found that in recent years, affected by the economic downturn, COVID-19 epidemic and industry competition, there are mainly "five difficulties" in truck drivers:

One is the embarrassment of traveling. "The wheels have gone through thousands of waters in Qian Shan, and the drivers have suffered a lot.". In order to save time and cost, truck drivers often live in a narrow cab with the car as their home and the road as their partner, which makes it difficult to park, eat and wash. Especially in the current situation of multi-point epidemic, truck drivers running around often become the key targets of prevention and control, which are followed by persuasion, denial of access, vehicle isolation and different access policies, and they encounter it is hard to go.

The second is worries. A car carries not only goods, but also the livelihood of a family. Truck drivers are the pillars of the family, and some have to repay their vehicle loans and support their family life. Without goods, there is no source of income. Truck drivers have high work intensity, high risk, frequent occupational diseases and lack of relevant protection.

The third is the urgency of safeguarding rights. Truck drivers pull other people’s goods, but sometimes they can’t protect their rights. At present, there are many cars and less goods in the freight industry, such as freight arrears and stealing oil and goods, which leads to a poor working environment. It is difficult for self-employed drivers to grasp transportation policies and regulatory rules in time, and sometimes "there is no way to appeal", and some reasonable demands are difficult to be effectively solved.

Fourth, the confusion of identity, the road freight industry is at the end of the industrial chain. In the survey, many truck drivers admitted that "this job is not decent" and "it is not a long-term solution to make a living". There is no working time from nine to five, only a lonely and busy figure. When encountering unexpected situations, lacking psychological counseling and emotional relief, people often feel helpless and even have extreme behaviors.

The fifth is the difficulty of losing control. The management and service of truck drivers involve many departments, such as transportation, public security, market supervision and network information. The driver’s party member organizational relationship is generally in the place of residence or household registration, and people follow the car to become a moving party member. The "two lines" between the competent department of industry and the party organization do not intersect with each other, which objectively forms the "two skins" of business work and party building work. party member’s identity consciousness is indifferent, and his vanguard and exemplary role is not obvious.

Second, the main practices

Since 2021, Danyang City has focused on the "five difficulties" of truck drivers, made it clear that "goods run in Wan Li, the Party builds a long journey" as the main line of work, and insisted that "where truck driver party member goes, the Party’s organization and work will cover", so as to build a brand of party building in the road freight industry with "wheels rolling in party flag Red" and strive to create a warm "home" for truck drivers.

1. Strengthen industry joint construction, establish regional party workers’ organizations, and promote comprehensive coverage of party organizations and work. According to the professional characteristics and working status of truck drivers, we should innovate the way of organization setting and explore an organization system that runs through from top to bottom and covers a wide range. The first is to establish an industry party Committee. Relying on the transportation bureau, the county-level road freight industry party Committee was established, and it accepted the leadership of the transportation bureau party Committee and the "two new""Working committee guidance. Formulate and issue pilot opinions, establish joint departmental meetings, "double promotion" in the road freight industry, and form a working pattern in which the organization department takes the lead, the transportation department is specifically responsible, and the public security, trade unions, market supervision, and local governments work together. Support and guide the work of industry party committees by selecting party construction instructors and implementing party construction funds. The second is to form a "functional party branch"". Through enterprise investigation, village community consultation, transportation system information comparison and telephone inquiry, 88 truck drivers in party member were verified, including 42 in party member. According to the concept of gridding, relying on the land law enforcement squadrons of various districts of the Municipal Traffic and Transportation Comprehensive Law Enforcement Brigade, six functional party branches of truck drivers were established, with the staff of the law enforcement squadron party member as the party branch secretary. According to the mode of "one party subordinate and multiple management", party member, a mobile driver, was urged to report to the functional party branch of the freight driver in his residence nearby, and 58 mobile drivers party member and party member, an enterprise driver who did not have the conditions to establish a party branch separately, formed an organizational structure of "industry party committee+gridded party branch" to realize the mobile driver. The third is to unite the joint efforts of trade unions. Actively give play to the role of trade unions in cohesion and encouragement, promote road freight enterprises to form trade unions according to law, explore new ways and paths for truck drivers to join trade unions, innovatively set up a municipal road freight industry trade union federation and six district road freight industry joint trade unions, promote the first batch of 813 truck drivers to join trade unions, unite more drivers around party organizations, and promote the deep integration and overall improvement of party building, industry and construction.

2. Adhere to the organization linkage, implement tripartite education, and promote the flow of truck drivers. The education management in party member is effective. Follow the characteristics of road freight enterprises and truck drivers, give full play to the tripartite role of truck drivers’ party committees, functional party branches and local party organizations in party member, establish five working systems such as centralized learning and special activities of party branches, and explore a long-term mechanism for the education and management of truck drivers in party member. The first is to strengthen the "unification" of industry party committees. Relying on the comprehensive performance testing center of motor vehicles, we will build a county-level service center for the party and the masses in the road freight industry, as the seat of the party committee of the industry, and integrate "one-stop" services such as truck testing, annual inspection, violation handling, publicity and education, rest and fitness. Implement a special fund of 100,000 yuan every year, comprehensively guide the education and management of truck drivers in party member, and promote the service center between the party and the masses to keep the doors open, the places commonly used, the activities often held, and the drivers often come to gather popularity and people’s hearts. The second is to strengthen the "grasping" of functional party branches. Party-mass service stations should be built in each functional party branch, so that party member can participate in branch activities nearby. Take the way of "online learning as the mainstay and offline activities as the supplement", establish a branch WeChat group, and rely on online platforms such as learning power and Jiangsu Pioneer.Organize party member, an individual truck driver, to carry out activities such as political theory study, road transportation, traffic safety and other laws and regulations publicity and education, volunteer service, etc., to ensure that the organizational life is continuous, not out of shape, and not lacking items, and to enhance political leadership and political cohesion for the truck driver group. At the same time, a "political living room" will be set up in the homes of freight companies and truck drivers at gas stations."Let party member hear the voice of the Party anytime and anywhere when parking and having a rest, and get party spirit education. The third is to strengthen the "pocket" of local party organizations. Establish a two-way mutual recognition mechanism between functional party branches and village (community) party organizations, explore party member, the truck driver’s "pioneering outstanding achievements and integral management", and the functional party branches will give feedback to the village (community) party organizations every year as an important reference for democratic evaluation of party member, so that drivers in party member can stop to see the organization image, hear the organization voice when they run, and feel recognized by the organization when they get home.

3. Highlight the service connection, do three kinds of care, and promote the warmth of the party to be transmitted to truck drivers to the maximum extent. Actively respond to the demands and hopes of truck drivers, give play to the role of party organizations at all levels, do a good job of unity and cohesion, and effectively help truck drivers solve their "urgent difficulties and worries"And safeguard the legitimate rights and interests. The first is to strengthen road care. Relying on freight platform enterprises to build a "driver’s home" and relying on gas stations to build a "red gas station", so that long-distance truck drivers can drink hot water, eat hot meals, take a hot bath, sleep well, and get through the contact service "the last meter". Recently, the Party Committee of Danyang Road Freight Industry, in addition to doing its best to prevent and control the epidemic situation at traffic checkpoints, took into account the long journey and difficult transportation of truck drivers, and began to organize personnel to send more than 25,000 love snacks to long-distance truck drivers from other places in Denmark on April 7, which made the majority of drivers and passengers feel caring. The second is to strengthen care for difficulties. We formulated special measures to care for truck drivers, improved the system of heart-to-heart talks, and strengthened humanistic care and psychological counseling. Party branch secretaries conducted "home visits" to 58 truck drivers in party member to learn more about party member’s work, life and family, and listen to their opinions and suggestions. Highlighting the precise assistance of truck drivers with difficulties, the Party Committee of the industry, together with civil affairs, trade unions and other departments, sorted out and investigated 5,458 truck drivers in the city, established management files, managed one person and one file dynamically, helped and rescued more than 40 families of truck drivers with difficulties, and sent the care and warmth of party organizations to the hearts of the majority of truck drivers. The third is to strengthen the appeal and care. Establish and improve the appeal direct mechanism of "employees-party member-platform enterprises, mobile party member Party branches-industry party committees", establish two systems of truck drivers’ appeal resolution and difficulty assistance, and clarify the "three musts"That is to say, the problems reflected must be registered, solved within a limited time or handed in in time, the parties must be given feedback, and the contact number of party member, a functional party branch, should be made public. Establish a rapid response mechanism for classification and classification of appeals, classify legitimate and reasonable appeals according to industries and levels, clarify the time limit for disposal, and highlight the style of "doing it right away". At present, more than 60 items have been solved, such as parking difficulties, children’s schooling, re-employment, and related expenses reduction and exemption.Be anxious and anxious"Problems, so that the demands of the majority of drivers are reflected, problems are coordinated, and difficulties are solved.

4. Highlight the joint efforts of the Party and the masses and carry out three actions to promote party flag to fly high in the road freight industry. Promote the transformation of truck drivers’ groups from governance objects to governance forces, effectively activate the role of truck drivers’ party organizations and party member, and constantly unite truck drivers’ groups to love the party. The first is to carry out "industry pioneer"Action. Explore party building to lead industry self-discipline, win logistics in platform enterprises, establish the vision of "keeping the oath of joining the party and building smart logistics together", build enterprise party-mass service centers, and integrate party building work into all aspects of enterprise development. Carry out safety education and share safety stories in drivers’ homes and party branch activities. At the same time, establish and improve the self-discipline convention of road freight industry, guide enterprises and drivers to work safely, standardize services, and improve their professional level. The second is to carry out "pioneer on the chain""action. In the road freight work chain, guide the truck driver party member to post, show his identity, clarify his responsibilities and set an example. Promote the functional party branch to contact more than 5 truck drivers in each party member, and collect and report the rights and interests maintenance and group dynamics in a timely manner. We will carry out the selection of outstanding models, comprehensively consider the performance of model taking the lead, obeying laws and regulations, driving safely, and service effectiveness, and select 20 "most beautiful drivers" among truck drivers, 10 "pioneer party member" among driver party member, and 5 "pioneer motorcades" among freight enterprises to better mobilize the enthusiasm of drivers. The third is to carry out "Anti-epidemic pioneer"action. Give full play to the role of the party organization as a fighting fortress, and guide the majority of truck drivers to effectively guarantee the transportation of emergency materials and production and living goods in the epidemic prevention and control work. In March this year, affected by the epidemic, agricultural products in many planting bases in Danyang were unsalable. The Party Committee of Danyang Road Freight Industry immediately launched freight logistics enterprises and production enterprises to help transport and sell agricultural products. Freight drivers took the initiative to participate in the "Helping Agriculture Action" to help solve the urgent needs and effectively shoulder the heavy responsibility of ensuring supply and smoothness, which was praised by the masses.

Third, some inspirations

Starting from the characteristics and laws of party building work in road freight industry, this paper reviews and summarizes the practice of party building work in road freight industry, and gives us the following enlightenment on where "party flag Red" should be popular:

First, "Red" is led by the Party building, and only by insisting that party flag floats in the front line can we build a strong organizational fortress. Upholding the leadership of the Party is the core of all work. Practice shows that the fundamental reason for a series of achievements in party building in Danyang road freight industry lies in giving full play to the role of the party’s leading core and political core. By strengthening the construction of functional party branches in party member, giving play to the role of the party organization as a fighting fortress and a vanguard and exemplary role in party member, the party’s political advantage is transformed into an endogenous driving force for the development of the industry, constantly boosting the spirit, rallying strength, and promoting the realization of quality improvement, efficiency improvement and healthy development of the industry.

Second, the "red" is cohesive, and insisting on resources sinking to the front line can stimulate the red power. In the grass-roots party building work, we need to think deeply about how to gather all kinds of resources, integrate all forces and comprehensively promote the party building work according to the development direction of the party. The number of party member in Danyang road freight industry is small, so it is difficult to cover the whole industry only by Party organizations. In practice, by integrating resources, innovating to set up trade union organizations, we strive to build a working pattern of "Party building leads industry construction, and industry construction promotes party building", which condenses the joint efforts of party workers and organizations, not only expands the coverage of party building work, but also optimizes the utilization of resources and consolidates the class foundation and mass foundation of the party’s governance.

Third, "red" is solving the problem and insisting on warmth to the front line in order to gain the recognition of truck drivers. How to effectively protect the rights and interests of truck drivers and solve the pain points, difficulties and blocking points that plague truck drivers has always been the difficulty of grassroots governance, and it is also the fundamental starting point and foothold for party building in the road freight industry. We always adhere to the problem orientation, strive to be "insiders" and not "bystanders", treat their "small things" as "important things" by creating a carrier of service positions, unblocking channels for reflecting demands, and establishing a problem-solving mechanism, and truly care for truck drivers, thus effectively enhancing their sense of acquisition, happiness and security.　

　　"Lhasa released" WeChat WeChat official account news, and the office of the Leading Group for Lhasa’s response to the COVID-19 epidemic reported the epidemic information as follows:

　　I. Distribution of infected persons

　　September 22nd 0— At 24: 00, there were 129 new cases of Covid-19 infection in Lhasa, including 9 newly confirmed cases and 120 asymptomatic infections. Both the newly confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections were found in closed-loop isolation control. Among them:

　　(1) Chengguan District: 126 new cases (6 confirmed cases and 120 asymptomatic infected persons) were added on that day.

　　(2) Duilong Deqing District (including Liuwu New District): 3 new cases were added that day (confirmed case 3).

　　Second, the delineation of risk areas

　　On September 22, the city’s high-risk areas were adjusted to 14 and the middle-risk areas were adjusted to 73. Specifically:

　　Medium risk area and risk reduction area (4):

　　1. Jintai construction site area in Economic Development Zone;

　　2. Deji Kangsa Area in Economic Development Zone;

　　3. Xiangtiwan Area in Economic Development Zone;

　　4. Sunshine New Town Area of Economic Development Zone.

　　(1) Chengguan District [including Wenchuang Park]

　　13 high-risk areas:

　　1. Chongsaikang community;

　　2. Danjielin Community (east of the middle section of Dorsenger Road);

　　3. Lalu Community in Kutokuhayashi Street;

　　4. Bayi Community of Jinzhu West Road Street (except grid one, two, three and six);

　　5. Lhasa Department Store Staff Community;

　　6. No.3 Water Conservancy Bureau Community, Lane 1, Linkuo East Road;

　　7. Lugu Community (east of the southern section of Dorsenger Road);

　　8. Jiarong Community in Najin Street;

　　9. Renqincai Village, Niangre Street;

　　10. Tour community (north of Jiangsu Road);

　　11. Cha Rong, Eco-Park Road, China UnionPay Tibet Branch;

　　12. Xiasasu community;

　　13. Zhaxi Street Xiongga Community.

　　60 middle risk areas:

　　1. Gaercuo Hotel in No.16 Bakuo Shopping Mall, beijing east road;

　　2. Changdu Office;

　　3. Happy New Village of Niangniang Road;

　　4. The Holy City Garden of Sela North Road;

　　5. No.12 Zaki Road;

　　6. The retirement base of Ali Agricultural Bank of Marinca Community in Shuangdao Street;

　　7. Jiquyuan Community, Jia Marinca Community, Liangdao Street;

　　8. Xianzu Island Ecological Residential District, Xianzu Island Community, Liangdao Street;

　　9. Bailin Community (north of Jiangsu Road);

　　10. Jibenggang Community;

　　11. Wood is like a community;

　　12. Safe and civilized community and its surroundings (Xizang Autonomous Region Sports Bureau Retirement Base, Himalayan Hotel);

　　13. Lhasa No.1 Middle School (dormitory building);

　　14. Tiebenggang Community (west of the middle section of Linkuo East Road);

　　15. Xizang Autonomous Region Film Public Service Center;

　　16. auspicious community;

　　17. No.36 Jiangsu Road;

　　18. Labaihe Balin Wholesale Department Community;

　　19. Jiacuo Community in Kutokuhayashi Street;

　　20. Kutokuhayashi Street Happiness Community (except Guohao Business Hotel, No.15 Niangniang South Road);

　　21. Anjuyuan of Meteorological Bureau;

　　22. Duodi Street (rented house No.47, Group 3, Gagong Anjuyuan, Saikang Fujiang Home and Weiba Village);

　　23. The Sanyi community in Duodi Street;

　　24. Group 5, Gaerxi Village, Niangre Street;

　　25. Baiding Village, Caigongtang Street (except Pure Land Zhizhao Industrial Park in Chengguan District);

　　26. Groups 2 and 4 of Cai Village, Caigongtang Street;

　　27. East District of Langsai 11th District, Caicun, Caigongtang Street;

　　28. Xiangga Highway Community in Caicun, Caigongtang Street;

　　29. Yutao Health in Caicun, Caigongtang Street;

　　30. Enhuiyuan Community in Caigongtang Street (Enhuiyuan Community, Taixi Yueting, Hanlinyuan, Lhasa Teachers College, Lhasa No.2 Senior High School);

　　31. Cemenlin Community (east of the northern section of Dorsenger Road);

　　32. Gemuqi Community;

　　33. Balang School Community;

　　34. Hebalin Community (west of Linkuo East Road);

　　35. District 9 of Langsai, Nizhuolin Community, Zhaxi Street;

　　36. Nizhuoyuan in Nizhuolin Community of Zhaxi Street and its surroundings (Xinfudi Automobile Maintenance Factory);

　　37. West Zone of Shuyuan Community, Nizhuolin Community, Zhaxi Street;

　　38. Tuanjie New Village Community in Zhaxi Street;

　　39. Zhaxi Street Zhaxi Community;

　　40. Zhaxi Street Zhaxi New Village Community;

　　41. Kutokuhayashi Street Snow Community;

　　42. Xin ‘an Residential Garden in the Eastern Suburb;

　　43. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 6 of Ejietang Community in Gamagongsang Street;

　　44. Gemina Elevator Apartment (in Junyi Hotel, Najin Road);

　　45. Jingu Express Hotel;

　　46. Lhasa No.8 Middle School (dormitory);

　　47. Ruyi Elevator Apartment (Zangre South Road);

　　48. Happy Home Area B;

　　49. Danba Community in Jinzhu West Road Street (except Lhasa Company of Xizang Autonomous Region Tobacco Company, No.39 Beijing West Road, Jingxin Hall, Wen Jun Garden No.10 District, Simple Apartment, Shuntong Community, Wojia Courtyard, Xuanhe Apartment, Cui Zonghua Rental House, Ruan Apartment, Zhihua Rental House, Pengxi Apartment and Debu Rental House);

　　50. Abalinka Community in Niangre Street;

　　51. Cisongtang Community in Niangniang Street;

　　52. Najin Village, Najin Street;

　　53. Naru Community in Najin Street (except Future City Community, District D of Chengguan Garden and Chengxiangyuan);

　　54. Tama Village, Najin Street;

　　55. Group 4, Cijuelin Village, Wenchuang Park;

　　56. One, two, three and six grids of Bayi Community in Jinzhu West Road Street;

　　57. Cijuelin Staff Apartment Community in Wenchuang Park;

　　58. Zone 2 of Xingfuyuan in Wenchuang Park;

　　59. Yunlong Hotel on Beijing Middle Road;

　　60. Luodui Community, Jinzhu West Road Street.

　　(2) Duilong Deqing District [including Economic Development Zone and Liuwu New District]

　　1 high-risk area:

　　1. Around the window of Lhasa (except the window of Lhasa).

　　13 middle risk areas:

　　1. Around Jindunyuan (except Lingyue Mansion, Layachao Hotel and Jindunyuan);

　　2. Liuwu Building and its surroundings (except Gangren International);

　　3. Jinma International and its surroundings (except Sangdanlin Phase I Community and Tourism Garden);

　　4. Hailiang Phase I and its surroundings;

　　5. Deyang Village, Liuwu New District;

　　6. Fortune Plaza Phase I and its surroundings (except Ruida Supermarket (Zhongying Black Forest Store));

　　7. Xiangyun Huafu and its surroundings;

　　8. Window of Lhasa Community;

　　9. Nanga Community 1— Group 7;

　　10. Dakang Group of Yangda Community;

　　11. Sang Mu community 1— 5 groups;

　　12. Area A A1 and Area B A2 of Yangda Street Industrial Park;

　　13. Talents Apartment in Economic Development Zone.

"One shot of HPV vaccine can effectively prevent cervical cancer, which is equivalent to two or three shots." This is the latest suggestion from the Advisory Expert Group on Immunization Strategy (SAGE) of the World Health Organization (WHO).

As a female malignant tumor, the incidence rate is second only to that of breast cancer. Cervical cancer is the only cancer with clear etiology-HPV-induced lesion. It is also the only cancer that human beings can prevent at present-vaccination with HPV vaccine.

However, due to low production capacity and insufficient supply, many people have not been vaccinated with this vaccine so far. # I am anxious about producing HPV vaccine # The topic that HPV vaccine is hard to find has repeatedly become a hot search.

SAGE’s latest assessment can change this situation?

What does it mean that HPV vaccine is effective with one shot?

At present, there are five HPV vaccines approved for marketing in the world, all of which need 2 or 3 injections. The suggestion that one shot is enough representsUnder the premise of constant production capacity, the vaccination speed of HPV vaccine will be more than twice as fast as it is now.

However, SAGE’s suggestion is not the final conclusion. WHO said that before the formal revision of the position paper on HPV vaccine, a meeting will be held to discuss the interests.

Even if the WHO revised the vaccination program recommendations in the future and adopted them in China, it will take a long time.According to the policy of National Medical Products Administration, if the vaccine needs to be changed, it needs to perform a series of clinical data support to ensure that the vaccine is effective for the local population in China. This process is often calculated in years.

Moreover, although studies have shown that the protective effect of single-dose HPV vaccine is really good, so far, single-dose HPV vaccine still lacks the support of clinical data. SAGE would make such a "quick" suggestion, considering the current situation that HPV vaccine is out of stock. Nothemba (Nono) Simelela, Assistant Director-General of WHO, said: "This single-dose proposal is likely to enable us to achieve the goal of eliminating cervical cancer faster."

WHO in the "global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer" proposed cancer eradication methods are:By 2030, 90% of girls will be vaccinated with HPV before the age of 15. However, due to the shortage of vaccines, this figure will reach 13% in 2020.

China also faces similar problems.

According to the estimation of Song Yifan and others from the Immunization Planning Center of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, since GlaxoSmithKline became the first HPV vaccine approved for marketing in China in July 2016,By the end of 2020, the HPV vaccination rate of school-age women in China will be 2.24%.Although the vaccination rates in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities are among the highest in China, they only reach 7% and 8%.

It took only a few short years for COVID-19 vaccine to go from research and development to marketing to mass inoculation. Compared with this, the vaccination rate of HPV vaccine has grown slowly. Why? The answer is that production capacity can’t keep up.

Although the history of HPV vaccine research and development has been more than 30 years,But today, only four vaccine manufacturers in the world are producing HPV vaccines.Moreover, before Wan Tai Bio and watson biological’s domestic bivalent vaccines went on the market, for a long time, the whole world relied on GlaxoSmithKline and Merck to provide vaccines.

As the only four-valent and nine-valent HPV vaccine supplier in the world at present, Merck promised in early 2022 to substantially increase the supply of HPV vaccine to China. However, compared with hundreds of millions of school-age women in China, the supply that Merck can increase is still "a drop in the bucket".

And it may be China vaccine enterprises that can finally solve this supply and demand problem.

Domestic HPV vaccine, production capacity soared

On the last day of 2019, Xinkening, a bivalent domestic HPV vaccine developed by Wan Tai Biotech, was approved for marketing, with a price of 329 yuan/needle, which can be vaccinated by women aged 9 to 45. At that time, sirrah, which was also a bivalent HPV vaccine, needed 580 yuan for one shot and could not be vaccinated under 20 years old.

Cheaper price and wider vaccination age allowed Xinkening to surpass sirrah in the first year of listing.Quickly seized the domestic bivalent HPV vaccine market. By 2021, Wan Tai Bio will issue 10.66 million bivalent HPV vaccines a year.

With the recent listing of the second domestic bivalent HPV vaccine, Wozehui, the shortage of HPV vaccine is expected to be further alleviated. Watson biological, who is responsible for the production of Wozehui, said that "a modern production base with a capacity of 30 million doses of HPV bivalent vaccine has been built".

However, compared with bivalent HPV vaccine, which is more and more easy to get, many people want to get tetravalent or even nine-valent HPV vaccine.

The so-called "price" refers to the number of HPV virus models prevented by vaccines. At present, more than 200 HPV models have been discovered, not all of which will cause cancer.Most cases of cervical cancer are infected with one of 14 high-risk HPV.The bivalent HPV vaccine covers two of the most common, and the nine-valent vaccine covers seven of them and two low-risk HPV.

Because the higher the valence, the more kinds of HPV viruses can be prevented, which makes Jiuvalence the most tight HPV vaccine at present.

How hard is it to grab nine prices? Let’s take a look at Shenzhen, which uses the lottery method to decide the vaccination opportunity: The results of the third phase of the nine-valent HPV vaccine lottery in 2022 show that there are 527,000 applicants in this period, while the index is only 21,000, and the winning rate is only 4%.

This situation is also expected to be solved by domestic vaccines in the future.

At present,At least 14 kinds of HPV vaccines from pharmaceutical companies in China have entered the clinical research stage or been approved in clinical trials, and nearly half of them are 9-valent HPV vaccines.Among them, the fastest-growing nine-valent vaccines have entered the clinical phase III, which means that the domestic nine-valent vaccines are getting closer and closer to the end of the market.

In addition to the nine-valent, higher-priced HPV vaccines have also entered clinical trials. According to the data released by Shenzhou Cell, the tetravalent HPV vaccine they developed covered all 12 high-risk HPV subtypes published by WHO, and the prevention rate of cervical cancer increased from 90% to 96%.

So many companies are scrambling to develop HPV vaccine, which is also related to the profit potential of this market. With a bivalent HPV vaccine, the revenue of Wan Tai Bio’s vaccine business increased by 360.75% in 2021.

The more intense the domestic vaccine "rolls", the higher the chance of ordinary people hitting HPV vaccine in the future.

Price is the key to popularize HPV vaccine.

In addition to increasing the production of HPV vaccine,The entry of domestic vaccines will also bring a significant impact, which is to reduce the price of HPV vaccine.

The single price of Xinkening is 43.3% lower than that of imported bivalent HPV vaccine. Wozehui, which went on the market in March 2022, further reduced the bivalent purchase cost, with a price of 319 yuan each.

SAGE recommended a single dose of HPV vaccine, not only considering the problem of low vaccine productivity, but also considering the high cost of vaccination.

A survey published in China Public Health last December showed that three-quarters of the women interviewed in Guangzhou were willing to take HPV vaccine.But more than 70% of people can’t accept spending more on HPV vaccine than 1000 yuan.

This means that in addition to the domestic bivalent HPV vaccine, the current imported tetravalent and nonavalent vaccines are too expensive for most people.

If you don’t want to wait, the cost will be higher. Because there is a 26-year-old age limit for the 9-valent HPV vaccine in China, many girls are worried that they will not be able to fight at the end of the queue for too long, so they will pay extra money to go to private hospitals to fight at the spot price of 9-valent HPV vaccine, and the final cost is often twice the guiding price.

However, the state that HPV vaccine is rare will not last forever.Zhang Jun, deputy dean of the School of Public Health of Xiamen University, said that the domestic HPV vaccine is expected to be in short supply for about three years, and then the supply will exceed the demand, and the price will drop sharply, and it will enter the era of national immunization planning.

Although the HPV vaccine has not been included in the national immunization program or medical insurance coverage, National Health Commission encourages qualified areas to pilot free vaccination of HPV vaccine first and gradually promote it.

At present, dozens of cities in China have started to pilot free HPV vaccination programs.The target population of primary vaccination is mostly girls around the age of 14.

And this is also the best age for HPV vaccination. Some scholars have analyzed the effect of HPV vaccination in the UK from 2006 to 2019 and found that,The incidence of cervical cancer in women who are vaccinated with HPV vaccine at the age of 12 ~ 13 is 87% lower than that in those who are not vaccinated;Vaccination at the age of 14 ~ 16 reduced the incidence by 62%. At the age of 16 ~ 18, the vaccination rate was only 34% lower.

But missing the best age doesn’t mean it won’t work. And even if you are over 26 years old, you may still be priced at nine in the future. Merck has started the phase III clinical trial of nine-valent HPV vaccine in China, and the suitable age group of nine-valent HPV vaccine is expected to be relaxed to 9-45 years old.

Perhaps, the post-90s generation will be the only generation in China with age anxiety because they can’t get the nine-valent HPV vaccine.

References:

1.WHO-《One-dose Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine offers solid protection against cervical cancer》， https://www.who.int/news/item/11-04-2022-one-dose-human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-vaccine-offers-solid-protection-against-cervical-cancer

2. National Medical Products Administration -HPV vaccine and prevention of cervical cancer, https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/directory/web/nmpa/yaopin/ypjgdt/20190722080001877.html.

3. Song Yifan et al.-Estimated Vaccination Rate of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine for Women Aged 9-45 in China from 2018 to 2020.

4. China News Network-"Multinational enterprises in urgent need of HPV vaccination for Chinese people: will greatly increase supply", https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2022/01-11/9649162.shtml.

5. Beijing News-"After 17 years of research and development, the second domestic HPV vaccine was approved. Will there be a shortage of vaccines in the future?" 》， https://www.bjnews.com.cn/

6. Shenzhen Health and Health Commission-"1564 young ladies won! In March, the results of Shenzhen nine-valent HPV vaccine lottery were released! 》， https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/

7. The Paper-"The world’s first 14-valent HPV vaccine entered the second clinical phase in China. Is it safe after" adding "? 》， https://m.thepaper.cn/

8. Wan Tai Biology-Wan Tai Biology Annual Report 2021

9.Milena Falcaro et al.-The Effects of the National HPV Vaccination Programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study》

　　CCTV News:The net of "gambling" is restored, and "losing" does not leak. In recent years, some lawless elements have "moved" gambling tables to the Internet, disseminated illegal gambling information through various channels, and wantonly recruited gamblers, collected gambling funds and even cheated. Some people want to make a big profit, but the result is "on the road."

　　Recently, many cases of public security organs cracking down on online gambling crimes have aroused public concern, and related cases have uncovered the inside story of online gambling "fancy" scam. These online gambling hidden abroad are designed to swindle Chinese people.

　　Tens of thousands of people registered and the amount of bets exceeded 10 billion yuan.

　　"I played for about two years and lost 600 thousand." Wang, 27, once participated in online gambling.

　　Like many people, Wang just started with a try mentality. After losing nine out of ten bets, he set his bet on the lowest 500 yuan, always thinking that he could "get it back", so he intensified his gambling, and soon lost all his savings and began to gamble on overdraft credit cards and loans. It was not until the debt collection phone called home that it was discovered by parents and wife.

　　The game played by Wang is an online gambling game called "Kuai 3", that is, three numbers are selected to carry out gambling activities by betting on "size" and guessing "singles and doubles". Behind it is run by a criminal gang called "Giant Company".

　　The game is operated in a black box. Zheng, who is the technical manager of the gang, said that gambling sites can control the outcome. According to Zheng, this game can control the proportion of winning and losing through the program. For example, with 10% on the same day, on the basis of ensuring the total profit of 10%, the website can even control the results of individual figures, thus ensuring that the bookmaker will make a profit.

　　The police found that this is a family-run criminal gang whose organization is in Cambodia. Due to the detailed division of labor and strict management, this gang involving 100 people operates smoothly. After investigation, the actual controllers of this criminal gang are three brothers of Fujian-Huang family, their wives, children and relatives. The Huang family managed 29 gambling sites before and after.

　　There are tens of thousands of gamblers registered in gambling sites controlled by the Huang family, and the amount of bets exceeds 10 billion RMB. Among them, about 50 gamblers lost more than 500,000, and about 20 gamblers lost more than one million. A steady stream of gamblers, so that several major shareholders can pay dividends of millions of yuan a month.

　　At the time of closing the net, the task force arrested 335 suspects at home and abroad. Among them, all 64 major suspects were arrested, more than 1,700 bank accounts were frozen and seized, 25 properties and 11 luxury vehicles were seized, with a total value of more than 300 million yuan. Five million RMB in cash was found in the trunk of a luxury car.

　　Forwarding advertisements wantonly, the development of "offline" is amazing.

　　Behind the high profits of gambling gangs is the ruin of gamblers.

　　Yang, a contractor in chahar right middle banner, Inner Mongolia, once worked hard from scratch to have a small savings, bought a house and a car. But in just one month, he became penniless and even heavily in debt.

　　One day in December 2018, Yang accidentally saw a game called "Poker Mystery" in the circle of friends, so he downloaded it and played it.

　　This "poker puzzle" game has expanded wildly by becoming a "president". Gamblers can invite others to enter the game. As long as they pull 30 people into the game, they can become a "president" and get the corresponding commission.

　　Yang gradually became obsessed with it, playing a few games as long as he had time. The amount of bets has also soared from the initial 100 yuan to thousands or even tens of thousands of yuan. The husband and wife squandered their savings for many years in a month. Not only that, he also sold all valuable things at home, such as cars and jewelry, and owed more and more debts.

　　In order to become agents and get extra income, many gamblers wantonly forward advertisements in major forums and friends’ circles. According to Lu Junyi, the captain of Netan Brigade of chahar right middle banner Public Security Bureau in Inner Mongolia who participated in the case detection, criminal gangs developed gamblers through fission, and then developed gamblers into agents, who then developed gamblers. The original thousands of people have turned into 200,000 in one year.

　　In the investigation, the police found that the address of the bank card involved was in Cambodia. Wei, a person involved in the case, often traveled to and from Cambodia and Tangshan. Friends and relatives around him also often went in and out of Cambodia, and there were a lot of information about bank cards. After learning that this was a cross-border online gambling case, the police closed the net at the same time in more than a dozen cities across the country.

　　By the time the police closed the net, the registered number of the game had reached more than 200,000, and the daily flow had reached more than 30 million yuan. In the end, 21 major criminal suspects were arrested and 4,053 bank cards were frozen, involving more than 80 million yuan.

　　Say no to online gambling!

　　With the popularity of computers and smart phones, online gambling has become a new cancer. The Ministry of Public Security said on January 16 that in 2019, more than 7,200 criminal cases of online gambling were detected, more than 18 billion yuan of gambling funds were seized and frozen, and more than 300 gambling gangs such as illegal underground banks and online payment were destroyed.

　　At the two ends of online gambling, one is an ill-intentioned banker, and the other is a gambler at the mercy of others. It often doesn’t take long, and the latter can go bankrupt.

　　In a word, indulging in online gambling not only affects yourself, but also affects friends and relatives around you. Please don’t take chances and stay away from these behaviors. (Text/Kang Yanlong)

　　350 kilometers per hour! China’s high-speed rail conducts "up-to-speed" test

　　What signals did Taobao release in the "first case" of winning the fake sale?

　　International long-distance phone tariffs will continue to decrease

　　Our country set up an "aircraft carrier" for clinical research on major diseases

　　****

　　What were the major events of the past week? Which ones are worth paying attention to? Which ones are relevant to you? Please see the review of the major events of the week.

　　[Fuxing] 350 kilometers per hour! The reporter takes you to experience the "up-speed" test of China’s high-speed rail

　　At 8:38 on the 27th, the "Fuxing", a standard Chinese EMU, pulled out of the Beijing South Railway Station and accelerated in an instant. After more than four hours, it made a round-trip between Beijing and Xuzhou on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail. Along the way, the "Fuxing" has a top speed of 352 kilometers per hour. Six years later, China’s high-speed rail has ushered in this "up-to-speed" test, heralding the return of China’s 350-kilometer high-speed rail era.

　　[straight-A student choir] Tsinghua super "straight-A student choir" sings and cries countless netizens, with an average age of over 72 years old

　　"I love you, China. I love you, China, and I want to dedicate my beautiful youth to you…" A group of elderly people with an average age of 72.3 years, with tears in their eyes, sang the popular "I Love You China" on the stage of CCTV. Once the program was broadcast, it attracted countless netizens to tears.

　　[Sports] Sun Yang and Xu Jiayu pick gold at the World Championships: be the protagonists together and carry the banner together

　　Sun Yang and Xu Jiayu made breakthroughs at the FINA Swimming World Championships on the 25th, one filling a gap in the individual honor book with the men’s 200m freestyle gold medal, and the other giving Chinese athletes a place on the top podium of the men’s backstroke world championships. The pool at the Danube Swimming Pool saw three people rewrite the world record four times that day, including the British man Peeti in the men’s 50m breaststroke breaking twice in one day.

　　"Discovery" collected a large number of cold spring organisms in the South China Sea

　　On the 25th, the "Discovery" remote-controlled unmanned submersible carried by our country’s new generation of ocean-going comprehensive scientific research vessel "Science" brought back a large number of biological samples from a cold spring area in the South China Sea, including more than 100 biological samples such as submersible armor shrimp, mussels and Alvin shrimp, and took a large number of submarine high-resolution video data.

　　[Ecology] Northwest Ecological Barrier Qilian Mountains: The "Strictest in History" Accountability Storm Brings "Green Revolution"

　　Over the past few days, the Central Office and the State Office have issued a notice on the ecological environment of the Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province, which has attracted widespread attention from the society. Up to now, hundreds of people, including three deputy provincial cadres in Gansu Province, have been held accountable for the ecological damage of the Qilian Mountains. This environmental accountability storm, known as the "strictest in history", has also triggered profound reflection among the cadres and people involved.

　　[Science and technology] our country’s space quantum communication technology has made a breakthrough: laying a solid technical foundation for building a quantum constellation

　　Recently, a research team composed of Professor Pan Jianwei of the University of Science and Technology of China and colleagues Peng Chengzhi and Zhang Qiang has successfully realized daytime long-distance (53km) free space quantum key distribution for the first time in the world, and effectively verified the feasibility of future satellite-to-ground and inter-satellite quantum communication networks based on quantum constellations in terms of channel loss and noise level through ground-based experiments. The results were recently published in the international authoritative academic journal Nature Photonics.

　　[Roaming charges] Cancel long-distance roaming charges from September 1

　　Zhang Feng, chief engineer of MIIT, said at the press conference of the State Council Information Office on the 25th that our country will gradually reduce the tariffs for international long-distance calls in more directions. More characteristic broadband products will be launched for industrial parks, "innovation and innovation" enterprises, and will speed up the cancellation of domestic long-distance roaming charges for mobile phones.

　　[Cold Observation] Who made the delivery guy "run all the way"?

　　Worried that the food delivery truck would be towed away, he knelt down and begged for mercy in the street in a hurry; he sent multiple orders in the high temperature, and fainted from heatstroke during the delivery; he was worried that the delivery would be timed out, so he stomped his feet and cried in a hurry… "Kneel", "dizzy" and "cry", reflecting the hardships of the group life of the delivery brother, which made many netizens leave messages "so distressed".

　　[Flood control] The No. 1 flood this year occurred in the Yellow River

　　The reporter learned from the Yellow River Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters that at 1:06 on July 27, the Yellow River experienced the No. 1 flood of 2017, with a peak flow rate of 6010 cubic meters per second at the Longmen Hydrological Station located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.

　　[High temperature] High temperature orange warning: local maximum temperature in 13 provinces exceeds 40 ° C

　　According to the official website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a high temperature orange warning at 6:00 on July 23: During the day on July 23, there were high temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius in the eastern part of the northwest region, Huanghuai, the eastern part of the Sichuan Basin, Jianghan, Jianghuai, Jiangnan, and northern South China.

　　[Medical and Health] Our country has established an "aircraft carrier" for clinical research on major diseases

　　32 national clinical research centers have been built around 11 disease fields such as cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, and respiratory diseases. Relying on 30 Tier 1 hospitals with the strongest strength and highest level in the field of disease prevention and control, more than 2,100 medical institutions at all levels in about 260 prefecture-level cities have been combined to form a high-level clinical research platform and collaborative innovation "aircraft carrier formation"…

　　16 shared sleeping cabin business sites in Beijing have stopped operating, and the operators have been interviewed

　　The appearance of "shared sleep capsules" in Zhongguancun, Beijing, has attracted attention. The reporter learned from the Beijing police that the public security organs attach great importance to this. After investigation, it was found that the "shared sleep capsules" are "sleeping space" space capsules developed by a company in Beijing. These space capsules can be used without registering identity information, and are easy to be used by criminals and criminals to hide. The space capsules are closed and have small internal space. After a fire, they cannot be extinguished in time to escape, and there are security and fire hazards.

　　[E-commerce anti-counterfeiting] What signals did Taobao release in the "first case" of winning the sale of counterfeit merchants?

　　According to the information obtained by the Fengxian District People’s Court and Alibaba Group, this is the first case in the country in which an e-commerce platform has prosecuted a fake online store. The industry believes that the judgment of this case will form a deterrent to such illegal acts, play a positive role in mobilizing social co-governance, maintaining fair competition, and improving the consumption environment. It also recommends further improving legislation and strengthening the punitive compensation system to increase the illegal cost of fake sales.

　　From black and white to color, from single drama to medium-length drama, from live drama to constructing its own unique aesthetic characteristics, China TV series has gone through a period of time and painted a full picture of the times on a blank sheet of paper.

　　From groping to prosperity, countless vivid characters and classic stories are fixed into eternity. China’s TV plays have a great influence on contemporary social life, which has already gone beyond appearances and infiltrated people’s spirit. Among them, historical TV plays play an irreplaceable role in activating excellent traditional cultural genes and inspiring people’s feelings of home and country and cultural pride.

　　Looking back at history, water stirs the sound of stone. "The charm of history itself, the power of culture, the power of wisdom and the power of value will win in the market competition." Li Jingsheng, vice chairman of China Television Artists Association, said that when a powerful new era full of hope and opportunities comes, China TV dramas will not only bring pleasure and recreation to ordinary people, but also show a more wonderful image of China with more substantial spiritual and cultural connotations.

　　Chinese culture is native to my hometown, and the inheritance of traditions and classics is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

　　In 1980, talented women Su Xiaomei and Qin Shaoyou remembered the beauty of classical love and the feelings of poetry couplets in their single drama "Queqiao Xian", and also opened the door to look back at the treasure house of traditional literature and history in the exploration of China TV series. In the following years, Wu Song, Lu Zhishen and Yang Jiajiang focused on local history and classical masterpieces, and the hero’s loyalty, courage and righteousness leapt to the screen. The Journey to the West in 1986 and A Dream of Red Mansions in 1987 achieved unprecedented success. Together with The Water Margin and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the historical TV series based on classical masterpieces reached a new peak. In 1986, Nurhachi, with the aim of "writing history, not legends", described the national spirit, history and culture from an unprecedented calm perspective. Based on this, Yuan Chonghuan, which was born in 1987, and The Last Emperor, which was born in 1988, successively laid the tone for telling the truth about history.

　　"Historical TV dramas play a role in promoting the excellent national culture and spreading the correct view of history." Li Jingsheng said that the profound historical connotation is the glorious tradition of China’s historical TV drama creation. Looking back at those classic historical TV dramas, it is the excellent traditional culture that is the gene pool for creation, which makes the presentation of TV dramas extend a huge creative space.

　　In 1994′ s Emperor of the Tang Dynasty, the main figures and events experienced by Li Longji during his 44 years in office are well documented. In 1998, "The Water Margin" created a hundred single and eight generals in a simple and restrained way, and the expressions of cherishing words like gold in China’s classical literature can be found everywhere. Such meticulousness stems from the awe of classics and the love of tradition. In the middle and late 1990s, the framework of "telling the truth about history" began to loosen in the hands of creators. From Wu Zetian to Yongzheng Dynasty, Kangxi Dynasty and Hanwu Emperor, China’s historical TV dramas moved forward in the context of "truth" and "drama", but in the final analysis, they all drew energy from the story of China, a native of China, and most of the characters of all colors shouldered the mission of carrying culture and conveying the national spirit.

　　A large number of screen masterpieces born in the blue rays of the road have won in my hometown of Chinese culture. These works, with historical background and distinctive China style, provide the audience with the power of upward kindness and win confidence in telling the story of China.

　　Strive for Excellence, pay tribute to ingenuity, and gain the power of thought in artistic aesthetics.

　　The 1987 version of A Dream of Red Mansions directed by Wang Fulin topped the rating of netizens for many years and won the appreciation of generations of audiences. When Chen Xiaoxu played A Dream of Red Mansions, he read it carefully twice from beginning to end behind closed doors and made a thick note. Before "Daiyu buried flowers", she was going to sleep until late at night. A crackling noise woke her up and she saw that it was raining heavily outside. "Oh, how can those flowers stand such wind and rain! I don’t know what Xiang Xue will be like tomorrow. " She missed it and didn’t sleep well all night. There are many such devotion in the 87th edition of A Dream of Red Mansions. The ultimate interpretation, exquisite costumes, scenes and music achieve the classic value of "poetic soul" in one fell swoop.

　　In the early 1980s, Yang Jie filmed The Journey to the West, groping and practicing while TV stunts were almost blank. Shooting the demon road and fighting the Monkey King, the crew went to the wild and chose a large open space, and invited several divers and a big trampoline. The athlete performed a backflip on the trampoline, and the cameraman patted it on his back. This kind of careful polishing, even in Yang Jie’s mouth, has made indelible childhood memories from generation to generation.

　　When he arrived in Zhang Jizhong to shoot "The Water Margin", he went to Shandong to go through all the places he could find in the original work, and finally restored the grandeur of fenglei Kyushu; The 94th edition of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is meticulous in roles and etiquette, and reflects on the rise and fall of history in the struggle for political power. In the new century, the poetic style of The Poem of Daming Palace, the artistic conception of nirvana in fire, the thrilling and courageous case of Zhao’s orphan, and a group of outstanding actors stand out in such a large number of quality dramas and are recognized by the audience and the market.

　　Every attention to historical drama is based on China’s aesthetic tradition and the actual needs of the audience, which shows Do not forget your initiative mind’s original spiritual intention.

　　Lee Joon, honorary chairman of the Chinese Association of Literary Critics, said that these historical dramas have been circulating for a long time because they are vivid and original, shocking people, and infecting people by the skill of the directors and actors. The pioneers, adhering to the craftsman spirit of "great things in the world must be done in detail", face up to difficulties and forge ahead with determination, so that history and thought, facts and values can be properly integrated.

　　The new grand narrative echoes the times, and the China style full of cultural self-confidence competes with generate.

　　After 2000, historical dramas became diversified. In addition to the history of drama, legend, romance and myth, there are many fantastic and empty works under the guise of history. Among them, some historical dramas lost their judgment on historical value and fell into entertainment. However, with China’s comprehensive deepening of reform and increasing international influence, after the trend of "lowercase" to history, a new grand narrative reflecting the expectation of national rejuvenation comes to the fore.

　　From Zhao’s Orphan Case, Feng Zicai, Bailuyuan to 1566 of the Ming Dynasty, and then to Yu Chenglong, the fertile land in the world, the rise of the Great Qin Empire and the alliance of military advisers of Sima Yi, in recent years, historical dramas that combine feelings of home and country with national culture have ushered in a resurgence that is worth looking forward to. Through vivid characters, it conveys positive and beneficial spiritual and cultural values, such as the spirit of sacrifice, the sense of responsibility of the rise and fall of the world, the social ideal of harmony between man and nature, the way of life, the idea of governing the country based on people, and the idea of serving the country based on the people. generate is full of positive and beneficial values.

　　Some scholars say that the historical drama, which came into being at the historic moment and responded to the requirements of the times, has enhanced the national consciousness of the public, stimulated people’s feelings about home and country and enhanced people’s cultural pride. Excellent historical dramas always respond to the focus of the times, which is a dialogue with history today.

　　The return of drama and innovation occur at the same time. On the basis of respecting history, Sima Yi’s Alliance of Military Strategists has created a Sima Yi who is not constrained by old paper piles and is not divorced from logic, and has more aesthetic values. Although nirvana in fire is a fictional story, it skillfully uses strong China elements, captivating Chinese beauty, exquisite plot advancement and accurate emotional interpretation, which sublimates the spiritual core of the whole drama — — Respect for statutes, perseverance of character, thoroughness of wisdom and return of benevolence and love.

　　After 60 years, the ability to tell stories, the expression of aesthetic implication and the presentation of spiritual character of domestic TV dramas have been more and more accepted and recognized by the international community. The audience perceives the historical background and the truth of life from the screen stories, and this kind of hard work, which is not divorced from the historical truth and the real life, and conveys the story of China, the image of China and the melody of China, will always be the right way for China’s TV drama creation.

　

　　Ma Huateng pays attention to the industrial Internet and rural revitalization, while Li Yanhong focuses on new infrastructure and continues to pay attention to artificial intelligence.

　　Wen Yi Lieyun. com Editor Sheng Jiaying

　　Good morning, everyone. It’s Friday in a blink of an eye. Let’s take a look at the news worthy of attention in the science and technology circle today.

　　The first is a group of news about the suggestions of the two conferences on science and technology:

　　Tencent Ma Huateng: Focus on Industrial Internet and Rural Revitalization

　　This year, Ma Huateng, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman and CEO of Tencent’s board of directors, will submit seven written suggestions to the National People’s Congress, covering hot issues such as industrial Internet, rural revitalization, financial technology, medical services and doctors’ sense of acquisition, development of small and medium-sized enterprises, regional development, and ecological protection.

　　Ma Huateng said that the digital economy is moving towards a new era. The industrial Internet should be planned in the historical tide of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and it should be promoted from the height of national strategy to continuously expand the digital economy strength of China. At the same time, Ma Huateng also pointed out that digital technology can help rural revitalization and enhance the resilience of SMEs. In the proposal, Ma Huateng also said that the construction of smart hospitals should be further accelerated to help medical staff achieve "technical burden reduction".

　　Baidu Li Yanhong: Focus on new infrastructure and continue to pay attention to artificial intelligence.

　　Li Yanhong, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Baidu, submitted four proposals at the two sessions this year, covering new infrastructure, intelligent transportation, support for continuing education and personal information protection.

　　Li Yanhong put forward a proposal to build a new artificial intelligence infrastructure and outline the blueprint for the development of intelligent economy. In the past few years, Li Yanhong’s CPPCC proposals have repeatedly involved artificial intelligence, such as "strengthening the research on artificial intelligence ethics, building the cornerstone of intelligent society development", "opening the artificial intelligence platform, promoting the transformation of the real economy" and "strengthening the application of artificial intelligence and building a national innovative economy", which have attracted great social attention.

　　Xiaomi Leijun: An intelligent disaster warning system should be established.

　　Lei Jun, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman and CEO of Xiaomi Group, submitted four suggestions to the two sessions. In Lei Jun’s view, "the COVID-19 epidemic reminds us that a prosperous and harmonious society must not only have the motivation for continuous development and progress, but also have the ability to resolve major systemic risks." Lei Jun said that the coming era of intelligent interconnection of everything with 5G+AIoT can contribute more to the construction of public service systems such as disaster early warning system in China.

　　In view of the problem of small and micro enterprises returning to work and production, Lei Jun suggested further exploring the long-term mechanism of accurately serving small and micro enterprises’ financing, and promoting China’s economy to a new stage of high-quality development.

　　Sequoia Shen Nanpeng: Pay attention to medical care and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

　　This year, Shen Nanpeng, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and global managing partner of Sequoia Capital, will submit five proposals to the two sessions, including innovative drug research and development, reform of examination and approval system, informationization and intelligentization of medical care, construction of various prevention and control mechanisms for infectious diseases, and financial innovation and development of science and technology in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

　　As the only Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference member of the venture capital industry in China, Shen Nanpeng understands the significance of scientific and technological innovation, digital upgrading and information application to medical and health enterprises and institutions. This year, he has three proposals focusing on this field. In these proposals, Shen Nanpeng suggested that government departments should constantly optimize the soil for pharmaceutical innovation, provide policy support for further strengthening the research and development of new drugs, and promote the construction of a "pharmaceutical power"; Medical and health institutions need to pay attention to the application of big data and artificial intelligence, "apply both software and hardware" in medical resources investment, make good use of digitalization and informatization, and improve the overall medical supply capacity in China; The emergency response capacity of infectious diseases departments in China needs to be improved to a strategic level, the epidemic prevention capacity should be normalized, and a distributed infectious disease reporting data sharing network should be built.

　　Next, there is a set of investment and financing news:

　　Providing a complete data security product line, Meichuang Technology completed a new round of financing of 150 million yuan.

　　@ 36Kr Meichuang Technology announced that it has recently completed a new round of financing with a financing amount of 150 million yuan. This round of financing was led by Shengyu Investment and Broadband Capital successively, followed by Zhejiang Saibole and Yuyue Technology. In addition, the old shareholder Oriental Fuhai also participated in this round of follow-up.

　　Wen Jianxia, co-founder and deputy general manager of Meichuang Technology, said: The proceeds from this round of financing will be mainly used for product research and development, adhere to the technology-driven route, strengthen R&D investment in the field of data security, expand the data management product line, and continuously tap the value of data.

　　Looking for ingredients to complete two rounds of financing of 80 million yuan, with GMV exceeding 70 million yuan in a single month.

　　@ Hunting Cloud Network Pre-cooked Vegetable R&D and supply chain platform to find ingredients announced that it has obtained a total investment of RMB 80 million in Round A and A+ from Qingsong Fund and Zero One Venture Capital. Previously, in September 2019, looking for ingredients received 30 million yuan angel round financing from Galaxy Venture Capital, with accumulated financing exceeding 100 million yuan.

　　Finding ingredients was established in 2019, focusing on the research and development, production and distribution of prefabricated dishes, providing one-stop supply chain services for upstream and downstream businesses in the industry. The company has set up a set of supply chain+city station system, which can realize the same-day delivery of prefabricated dishes and serve the food service distributors in counties and towns of Line 3-5.

　　Shuomao Technology, a chronic disease diagnosis and treatment company, completed tens of millions of strategic financing.

　　@ Hunting Cloud Network Recently, Shuomao Technology, a chronic disease diagnosis and treatment company, completed tens of millions of strategic financing. This round of financing was invested by Aptar, a packaging solution provider in the medical and consumer industries. Lanchi Venture Capital is the A-round investor of Shuomao Technology.

　　This round of financing will be used to promote and commercialize the core product-disease diagnosis and treatment management system, establish deeper cooperation with hospitals and explore business models, and at the same time increase the strength of talent reserve and echelon construction. As a strategic investor, Aptar will cooperate with Shuomao Technology in the field of digital disease management platform and algorithm, and accelerate the development, manufacturing, commercialization and supply of respiratory drugs that have been listed and under development, so as to realize the digitalization of drug delivery, diagnosis and patient support.

　　Behind the above investment and financing news, have you seen some valuable investment trends? Next, let’s pay attention to the news of big companies:

　　Baidu or U.S. stocks delisted to increase valuation.

　　@ Sina According to media reports, Baidu is considering delisting from Nasdaq to improve its valuation. Baidu dived more than 6% before the market.

　　In response to this news, Baidu officially responded that (delisting) related statements are rumors. In fact, rumors about the privatization of Baidu have not stopped since the beginning of this year, and there is also a special discussion on whether Baidu will return to A or Hong Kong after privatization. On May 21, Li Yanhong told the media publicly that he was not worried about the suppression by the US government, and was constantly discussing what he could do, including the secondary listing in Hong Kong and other places.

　　After the above news came out, Baidu’s share price fell by more than 8% before the market opened. After the official opening, Baidu’s share price fell by 1% to around $107, and then stopped falling and turned up. At the close, Baidu reported $110.03, up 1.39%.

　　The original Zanyi technical director was sentenced to three years in prison for smuggling and taking drugs, and the drugs were seized in the company.

　　@ Sanyan Finance On January 22, 2020, the Intermediate People’s Court of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province issued criminal judgment, the first instance of Jiang’s smuggling, selling, transporting and manufacturing drugs.

　　The judgment shows that the defendant Jiang, male, was born on May 14, 1984. He was originally the technical director of the retail business department of Hangzhou Youzan Technology Co., Ltd., and his household registration was in Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He was criminally detained on January 3, 2019 on suspicion of drug smuggling, and was released on bail on January 30 of the same year.

　　It was found through trial that around October 2018, the defendant Jiang started to log on to the website selling methamphetamine (ice) overseas (commonly known as "dark net"), placed an order to buy methamphetamine, and bought bitcoin through Alipay to pay for the drug purchase. The purchased methamphetamine was mailed from abroad to the office address of Hangzhou Youzan Technology Co., Ltd., his work unit, by surface mail. After receiving methamphetamine, Jiang used it all for himself.

　　Cheetah Mobile has risen more than 47% and will sell all its remaining shares in ByteDance.

　　@ TechWeb On May 20, the US stock market closed, and the three major indexes of the US stock market rose across the board. Cheetah Mobile (CMCM.US) rose 47.34%, with an intraday increase of 58%, the biggest increase since its listing, closing at $3.05 with a total market value of $420 million.

　　Cheetah Mobile announced before the US stock market closed yesterday that it would sell all its remaining shares in ByteDance. This transaction is expected to bring about $66 million in investment disposal income in Q2 this year, and will bring about $130 million in cash inflow. The transaction is expected to be completed before the end of June 2020.

　　According to Bloomberg News, ByteDance’s valuation in non-public stock trading has exceeded $100 billion. As soon as the news came out, the cheetah mobile disk once rose by more than 30%.

　　Netease accelerates the return of Hong Kong stocks to be listed at the end of June at the earliest, raising funds of less than 2 billion US dollars.

　　@ Securities Times. com learned from a foreign investment bank that Netease’s return to Hong Kong has been accelerating, at least half a year in advance. Like Ali and JD.COM, Netease submitted its application for listing in Hong Kong to the Stock Exchange in a confidential manner, and it will be listed at the end of June at the earliest, but the scale of fund-raising was not disclosed. The reporter simultaneously asked the relevant person in charge of Netease for verification, and the other party said that it would not comment at this stage.

　　As of the closing of the US stock market on the morning of 21st Beijing time, Netease reported a price of $390.31 per share, down 1.36% from the previous trading day, with a market value of about $50.4 billion.

　　Huya 1Q20 Financial Report: Revenue exceeded expectations for eight consecutive quarters, and profits increased steadily to 263 million.

　　On May 21st, 2020, Beijing time (May 20th, US Eastern Time), Huya (NYSE:HUYA) released its financial report for the first quarter ended March 31st, 2020. The financial report shows that in the first quarter of 2020, Huya’s total revenue increased by 47.8% year-on-year to RMB 2.412 billion, exceeding the management’s expectations for the eighth consecutive quarter since listing. Under non-GAAP, the net profit attributable to Huya was RMB 263 million, up by 100.7% year-on-year, reaching a new high, and it was profitable for ten consecutive quarters. In terms of domestic user data of the company, in the first quarter, the MAU of Huya live broadcast (monthly average active users) and the MAU of mobile terminal (monthly average active users) were 151 million and 74.7 million respectively, with year-on-year growth rates of 22.2% and 38.6% respectively, among which the MAU of mobile terminal reached a record high.

　　The rookie station has launched an unmanned vehicle to deliver express delivery, which has been launched in Hangzhou and Shanghai.

　　@ 36Kr Cainiao Post Station has been delivered by unmanned vehicles in many places across the country, including Hangzhou, Chengdu, Shanghai and Tianjin. Some community residents, teachers and students in colleges and universities have used the new service of unmanned vehicles. After the parcel is delivered to the community, users can make an appointment for convenient door-to-door time at any time by using mobile phone Taobao. According to the rookie technician, each unmanned vehicle can store 18 pieces of express delivery, and it takes about 1 hour to drive in the community for one week, and it can travel more than 40 kilometers once charging, so as to meet the all-day demand.

　　OceanBase, Alipay’s self-developed database, refreshed the TPC-C benchmark world record again.

　　@ Hunting Cloud Network A few days ago, Alipay’s self-developed database OceanBase once again refreshed the world record of TPC-C benchmark test, won the ranking first, and improved the record created by itself seven months ago by more than 10 times. You know, the opponent of OB database is Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the old overlord of the United States, but now OB has beheaded Oracle Bone Inscriptions twice, which has directly rewritten the global map of the database.

　　Not long ago, the authoritative intellectual property agency IPRdaily released the "2019 Global Blockchain Patent Ranking", and the number of patent applications for Alipay blockchain ranked first in the world, far exceeding the sum of the second and third places.

　　Didi’s "0188" plan: Four-wheelers undertake 50 million single targets.

　　@ LatePost Didi has previously proposed the "0188" plan for the new three years: 0 major safety accidents, more than 100 million orders are served every day, the penetration rate of domestic travel exceeds 8%, and the global service user MAU exceeds 800 million. In Didi’s planning, in order to achieve the goal of 100 million tickets, the main battlefield four-wheeler undertakes 50 million tickets, and the new battlefield two-wheeler and internationalization are 40 million and 10 million respectively. And Didi’s current order volume is less than half. A Didi management official said that it is "absolutely no problem" to complete the plan as scheduled.

　　The ranking of invention patent applications in the automobile industry: BYD (002594, stock bar) ranked first.

　　According to the data of @ Sina Finance Choice, as of January 31st, there were 175 companies in the automobile industry. According to the data of Sixlens, as of January 31st, these 175 companies in the automobile industry had applied for a total of 57,948 invention patents, of which 167 had applied for invention patents and the other 8 had not. On average, each company applied for 331.13 invention patents. The top three companies applying for invention patents are BYD, Jianghuai Automobile (600418, shares bar) and Changan Automobile (000625, shares bar), and the corresponding number of invention patents is 9384, 6062 and 4072 respectively.

　　Tongcheng Yilong’s revenue in the first quarter was 1,005.1 million yuan, down 43.6% year-on-year.

　　@ 36Kr Tongcheng Yilong released its financial report for the first quarter of 2020. The financial report shows that Tongcheng Yilong’s revenue in the first quarter was 1,005.1 million yuan, down 43.6% year-on-year; The adjusted profit during the period was 78.1 million yuan, down 82.6% year-on-year; The average monthly active users were 148.4 million, a year-on-year decrease of 25.5%; The average number of monthly paying users was 14.8 million, a year-on-year decrease of 35.9%.

　　After knowing the basic news at home, let’s look overseas:

　　The output of electric vehicles in Tesla fremont factory in the second quarter may be less than 55,000.

　　@TechWeb According to foreign media reports, Tesla’s assembly plant in fremont has been allowed to reopen after it stopped production for more than one month, but the output of electric vehicles in this factory in the second quarter may not exceed 55,000. According to the news, even though the production of electric vehicles was resumed on May 9, the time for Tesla fremont factory to produce electric vehicles in the second quarter was only 53 days. According to the calculation of the highest output in the month before the Shanghai Super Factory was put into production, about 55,000 electric vehicles were produced.

　　Apple released the official version of iOS 13.5: Optimizing the way to unlock your phone with a mask.

　　@ Silicon Valley Analytic Lion reported on May 21st that Apple released the official version of iOS and iPadOS 13.5 today, which is more than a month away from the release of iOS 13.4.1. The most important upgrade in the new system is that iPhone users can successfully unlock their phones with masks.

　　In contrast, it was troublesome for the user to use the face ID to unlock it before wearing a mask. Usually, the password input interface will appear after swiping up several times. For such an adjustment, Apple said that the more convenient unlocking is to cope with the current epidemic.

　　Foreign media said that Apple may cancel the wired headphones attached to iPhone 12 to stimulate AirPods sales.

　　According to the latest reports from foreign media, Apple may cancel the complimentary wired headphones, namely EarPods, in this year’s iPhone 12 series, which is also to increase the sales of its own AirPods.

　　It is mentioned in the report that the cancellation of the attached EarPods is to increase the demand for AirPods, and at the same time, Apple may start the AirPods promotion plan. Affected by the epidemic and destocking, the demand for AirPods 2 was weak, resulting in a decline of about 29% in total shipments in the second quarter of this year.

　　Amazon announced five large-scale solar energy projects.

　　@ Sina Technology According to foreign media reports, Amazon announced the details of five new renewable energy projects, hoping that these projects can supply nearly 1.2 million MWh of renewable energy for its warehouse network and AWS data center. These five projects are located in Australia, China and the United States.

　　Earlier, Amazon revealed that they plan to make 80% of the electricity they use come from renewable energy by 2024; Achieve 100% renewable energy in 2030, and then achieve zero carbon emissions in 2040. The new renewable energy project is part of Amazon’s plan.

　　That’s the hot news today. I hope you can have a good Friday after reading this morning paper! Let’s meet again next working day!

　　This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: Hunting Cloud Network. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.