A recent survey shows that the economic confidence of small businesses in the United States has dropped to a seven-year low, and the investment of American enterprises has also shrunk. In addition, many indicators such as the recession of American manufacturing industry and the decline of consumer confidence have once again sounded the alarm for the American economy. According to the analysis, due to the impact of trade policy and its uncertainty on the US economy, and the stimulating effect of tax reduction policy has basically disappeared, the US economic growth will slow down or become a foregone conclusion this year.

　　Business confidence dropped to the lowest level in seven years.

　　On Monday, local time, a monthly survey of more than 670 small businesses nationwide by American polling agencies showed that the economic confidence of small businesses fell to the lowest level since November 2012 in August. The proportion of respondents who expect the economy to deteriorate in the next 12 months will rise to 40%, compared with 29% in July and 23% a year ago.

　　According to a survey conducted by Vistage Worldwide, an American executive training institution, 45% of small businesses said that the current US trade policy would affect their business. The analysis holds that the uncertainty of American trade policy increases the cost and uncertainty of small enterprises, which will make their production planning very difficult, damage their business and reduce their expectations of the American economy. Richard, an economist at the University of Michigan, analyzed Vistage’s data and said: "For small companies, this means being more cautious in investment and recruitment plans."

　　Last week, the data of the monthly rate of durable goods orders in July released by the United States showed that the initial value of the monthly rate of orders was actually announced by 2.1%, but the initial value of the monthly rate of transportation durable goods orders was actually announced by -0.4% in July, which showed that the US shipments in July showed the biggest decline in the past three years. Overall business investment declined in the second quarter of this year, which was the first time since the first quarter of 2016. Some analysts worry that the chain effect may become more and more obvious. In the short term, the company will reduce recruitment, which in turn will damage consumer confidence, and in the long run, it may affect productivity growth.

　　Another report released by the Chicago Fed last week also reinforced the expectation of slowing economic growth. According to the report, the US economic activity index dropped to -0.36 in July from 0.03 in June. According to the Chicago Fed, negative readings are usually accompanied by below-average economic growth. The Chicago Fed’s economic activity index turned negative, and the corporate investment released by the US Department of Commerce showed signs of shrinking in July, all indicating that the uncertainty of trade has penetrated into the real economic activities in the United States.

　　Lydia Boussour, a senior American analyst at Oxford Economic Research Institute, said that the expectation that corporate investment confidence will shrink will not change. Although corporate spending on equipment has increased, weak corporate investment and idle inventory will drag down US manufacturing and GDP data. In the next few months, the tightening financial environment, increasing trade uncertainty and deteriorating global economic growth will put pressure on investment decision-making and make the already fragile investment prospects of enterprises face further downside risks.

　　Economic recession signals are frequent.

　　According to the latest statistics released by IHS Market on August 22nd, the purchasing managers’ index (PMI) of American manufacturing industry fell to 49.9 in August, which was the first time that it fell below 50 threshold in ten years. Because manufacturing PMI is a key economic indicator to measure the expansion and contraction of a country’s manufacturing industry, it shows that the manufacturing PMI of the United States has entered a shrinking state for the first time in the past decade, and it also adds new warning to the American economy that has frequently warned of recession recently.

　　Lise Sunders, chief investment strategist of charles schwab Company in the United States, said that because the trend of manufacturing industry is ahead of consumption and other fields, she predicted that the prospect of manufacturing industry in the United States is likely to continue to deteriorate, and the weak momentum is likely to spread to the service industry in the United States. The data released by IHS Market Company on the same day also showed that the PMI of the US service industry dropped sharply from 53 in July to 50.9 in August, a three-month low. Michael Kantor Rowitz, chief investment strategist of Cornerstone Macro, warned: "When the PMI of the service industry falls below 50, the recession will come." Ian Shepardson, chief economist of Pantheon Macroeconomics Research Company, believes that the manufacturing industry accounts for only about 12% of the current American economy, so the recession of manufacturing industry alone is not enough to drag the American economy into recession. However, it is worth worrying that once the weak momentum of manufacturing spreads to the service industry, the risk of economic recession in the United States will greatly increase.

　　Moreover, concerns about the macroeconomic situation and financial markets have begun to affect the future consumption expectations of American consumers. According to the latest data, the consumer confidence index of the American Chamber of Commerce in August dropped from 135.8 last month to 135.1, and the consumer expectation index dropped from 112 to 107. According to data released by the University of Michigan recently, the consumer confidence index of the United States dropped from 98.4 last month to 89.8, the biggest monthly decline since December 2012. The analysis pointed out that since August, American consumer confidence has suffered a heavy setback, which has brought more hidden worries to the slowing American economy.

　　Personal consumption expenditure accounts for about 70% of the U.S. economy, which is the main engine driving the U.S. economic growth and the key pillar for maintaining the stability of the U.S. market confidence. However, the analysis pointed out that the US trade policy has repeatedly led to the reduction of consumer spending in the United States, and consumer confidence is being eroded. Now this impetus is gradually weakening, and the negative impact on the American economy is self-evident. In addition, some recent data show that the growth rate of personal income in the United States shows signs of slowing down. According to data from the U.S. Department of Commerce, personal income in the United States increased by 0.1% in July, the smallest increase since September last year, and significantly slower than the growth rate of 0.5% in June. In addition, personal savings also fell from 1.32 trillion US dollars in June to 1.27 trillion US dollars, the lowest level since November 2018. This also makes analysts more worried about the US consumption prospects in the coming months.

　　Slow growth or a foregone conclusion

　　According to the revised data released by the US Department of Commerce recently, the real gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States increased by 2% at an annual rate in the second quarter of this year, which was 0.1 percentage point lower than the first estimated data previously released. Analysts believe that due to the impact of trade policy and its uncertainty on the US economy, and the stimulating effect of tax cuts has basically disappeared, the US economic growth will slow down or become a foregone conclusion this year. It is estimated that the annual growth rate will be about 2.5%, which is lower than the 3% growth target set by the government.

　　Ratner, a former adviser to the US Treasury Department, pointed out that there are growing concerns about the US economy or falling into recession. Although the U.S. government mainly blamed the economic slowdown on the Fed’s interest rate hike, in fact, the Fed’s interest rate hike is not large and interest rates are still at an extremely low level in history.

　　He believes that the obvious slowdown in US economic growth is largely due to US trade policy. Worried about the prospects of economic growth, the capital investment of American enterprises has stopped growing, and even declined slightly recently. In particular, the output of the manufacturing industry has been falling and falling into a technical recession, which shows that business confidence is weakening. Ratner also quoted JPMorgan Chase’s forecast that the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States may increase by only 1.8% in 2019. In addition, according to Reuters’s recent survey of private economists, the median forecast of American economy falling into recession in the next two years is as high as 45%.

　　According to the Implementation Rules for Open Recruitment of Staff in Sichuan Provincial Institutions (Trial) and other relevant regulations, Chengdu Medical College plans to openly recruit 74 teaching and teaching assistants for the society. The relevant matters concerning open recruitment are hereby announced as follows (this announcement is published on Sichuan Personnel Examination Network [www.scpta.gov.cn, the same below], Sichuan Education Network [www.scedu.net, the same below] and Chengdu Medical College Network [www.cmc.edu.cn, the same below].

　　First, the basic situation of the recruiting unit

　　Chengdu Medical College is an ordinary institution of higher learning in Sichuan Province, located in Chengdu, a famous historical and cultural city. The school, formerly known as Chengdu Military Medical College of the Third Military Medical University, was founded in October 1947. In August 2004, the whole school was handed over from the army to the Sichuan provincial government and its name was changed. Tianhui Campus is located at No.601 Tianhuan Road, Rongdu Avenue, Chengdu, and Xindu Campus is located at Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, with a total area of more than 1,500 mu. The school is a postgraduate training unit, enrolling students nationwide, with more than 7,600 full-time students.

　　The school now offers 18 undergraduate majors in clinical medicine, clinical medicine (general practitioner), medical inspection technology, medical imaging, preventive medicine, anesthesiology, pharmacy, health inspection and quarantine, nursing, rehabilitation, biotechnology, biomedical engineering, biopharmaceuticals, food quality and safety, pharmaceutical preparations, applied psychology, public utilities management (direction of health management) and information management and information system. There are tumor direction, ophthalmology direction and geriatrics in the undergraduate specialty of clinical medicine, blood transfusion medicine direction and clinical biochemical examination direction in the undergraduate specialty of medical laboratory, and "geriatric care" direction in the specialty of nursing specialty. To carry out "double degree" education in two undergraduate majors: public utilities management (health management direction) and applied psychology. There are 2 master’s degree authorized disciplines and 1 key medical construction discipline in Sichuan Province. There are 1 key laboratory in Sichuan Province, 1 key research base of philosophy and social sciences in Sichuan Province, 3 national second-class laboratories of traditional Chinese medicine, 4 key laboratories of colleges and universities in Sichuan Province, 2 scientific research and innovation teams of provincial colleges and universities in Sichuan Province, 3 undergraduate specialties in Sichuan Province, 7 excellent courses in Sichuan Province, 1 teaching team of colleges and universities in Sichuan Province, and 3 experimental teaching demonstration centers (construction projects) in Sichuan Province, which have formed many disciplines such as science, engineering and management based on medical disciplines.

　　The school has a team of teachers with reasonable structure and excellent quality. There are 3 academic and technical leaders in Sichuan Province and 12 reserve candidates for academic and technical leaders in Sichuan Province. There are 44 tutors for master students, 2 tutors for part-time doctoral students and 39 tutors for part-time master students. There are 2 outstanding talents from the Ministry of Education in the new century and 4 famous teachers in Sichuan Province. Many experts and professors hold important academic positions outside the school.

　　For other details, please refer to the website of Chengdu Medical College (address: www.cmc.edu.cn).

　　Second, the recruitment target, scope and basic conditions

　　(a) the object and scope of recruitment

　　Recruitment for the whole country was born on or after January 1, 1978 (among them, the fresh graduates of ordinary colleges and universities in 2013 are not restricted by the age conditions of this public recruitment. The full-time teacher position of the Department of Ideological and Political Theory is open to the whole country), and before July 31, 2013, he has obtained a bachelor’s degree or above in the full-time regular class of general higher education (the returned overseas students who hold the certification degree and degree of the overseas study service center of the Ministry of Education are not restricted by the full-time regular class of general higher education), and fully meets the relevant post requirements of the List of Requirements for Open Recruitment of Staff in Chengdu Medical College in June 2013 and other requirements in this announcement. Among them, the fresh graduates of colleges and universities in 2013 must obtain diplomas and other certificates that meet the requirements of post conditions before July 31, 2013, and go through the formalities such as confirmation with vouchers; Other applicants must obtain diplomas, degree certificates and other certificates that meet the requirements of post conditions when registering. If the applicant fails to obtain and provide the relevant certificates within the specified time, it shall be deemed that the applicant has given up automatically and is responsible for it. Full-time students who graduated after August 1, 2013 do not belong to the scope of this public recruitment.

　　The staff in the company are not within the scope of this recruitment.

　　People with doctoral degrees can participate in the direct examination and recruitment in our hospital. Please refer to the announcement of "Information on Direct Examination and Recruitment in 2013" on the website of Chengdu Medical College.

　　(2) Basic conditions

　　1, the applicant should also have the conditions:

　　(1) Have People’s Republic of China (PRC) nationality, love the socialist motherland, support the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC), support the Communist Party of China (CPC), be law-abiding, have good conduct, have good professional ethics, love their jobs, and have a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility.

　　(2) Be in good health, pass the physical examination and be able to perform the duties of the recruitment position normally.

　　(3) Have the conditions and qualifications required for specific recruitment positions in this announcement (see the List of Requirements for Posts and Conditions for details). Among them, the applicant’s valid degree certificate and the degree, education and professional name contained in the graduation certificate should be consistent with the academic degree and professional qualification requirements in the two columns of "education or degree" and "professional requirements" (referring to the professional conditions corresponding to the education); Those who do not meet the requirements, please do not apply for the exam, or you will be responsible for canceling the qualification for the exam (employment).

　　(4) Applicants for primary and secondary school teachers must obtain the written consent of the administrative department of education at or above the county level.

　　(5) Commissioned and oriented graduates must obtain the consent of the original commissioned and oriented units.

　　2, one of the following circumstances, shall not enter oneself for an examination:

　　(1) Having received various criminal punishments.

　　(2) Those who have been dismissed from public office.

　　(3) there are violations of law and discipline under review.

　　(4) Party discipline and administrative discipline have not been lifted.

　　(5) In accordance with the Interim Provisions on Open Recruitment of Public Institutions (Order No.6 of the former Ministry of Personnel) and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Open Recruitment of Staff in Provincial Institutions in Sichuan Province (for Trial Implementation), it should be avoided.

　　(6) Newly hired civil servants who are still in the probation period.

　　(7) Those who violate relevant regulations and are not suitable for applying for public institutions.

　　Third, recruitment positions and places

　　This recruitment is in the positions approved by institutions, and the number of recruitment places is 74. For specific positions, please refer to the List of Requirements for Posts and Conditions.

　　Four, registration, payment, post reduction and refund.

　　This open recruitment is conducted by online registration, and on-site registration is not organized. The registration website is the website of Chengdu Medical College [www.cmc.edu.cn], and the registration time is from 9:00 on July 1 to 16: 00 on July 3, 2013.

　　Registration is carried out according to the following procedures:

　　(1) Registration

　　1, clear requirements. After logging in to the registration website, applicants should read this announcement carefully, learn more about the recruitment target, scope, conditions, relevant policies and regulations, and relevant precautions, and choose a position that fully meets the application conditions according to their own situation, and each person is limited to one position.

　　Our college does not conduct online qualification examination for this public recruitment, and whether the applicants finally meet the requirements of the reported post conditions is finally determined by our college’s interview qualification examination, review in the assessment and the results confirmed by the Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial People’s Social Welfare Department.

　　In any link of recruitment, if the applicant is found to be unqualified for the examination, fraudulent, violating the avoidance system, or taking two or more examinations in the same batch of institutions and applying for multiple positions at the same time, the qualification for the examination or employment will be null and void, and the responsibility will be borne by him.

　　2. Fill in the information. Eligible applicants should register according to the prompts in the public recruitment registration system, and truthfully and accurately fill in all the contents of the application information of Chengdu Medical College’s open recruitment staff in 2013 (hereinafter referred to as "application information"), so that our college can understand the basic situation of candidates, but it will not be used as the basis for qualification examination.

　　3. Upload photos. After the applicant submits the Application Information Form online, he/she will upload the recent bareheaded photo of the applicant in JPG format and size of 15-20k according to the online prompts. According to the quality of the photos uploaded by the candidates, our college conducts online review, and gives timely feedback on the review opinions within 1 working day after the candidates upload the photos. If the uploaded photos fail to pass the quality review, the applicant should upload them again according to the prompt requirements.

　　(2) Payment

　　According to the provisions of the document "Sichuan Price Fee [2003] No.237" issued by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Finance and the Sichuan Provincial Price Bureau, 50 yuan will be paid for the written test in Section 1, and 50 yuan will be paid for this written test. Candidates who pass the preliminary examination of online qualifications can pay fees in one of the following ways:

　　1. On-site payment: from 8: 30 to 16: 30 on July 4-5, 2013, the payment was made at the Finance Department of Chengdu Medical College. Address: Room 203, Settlement Center, 2nd Floor, Xindu Campus Office Building, Chengdu Medical College, No.783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu. Tel: 028-62739233.

　　After the on-site payment is successful, the applicant should make a copy of the payment receipt and submit it to the Personnel Department of Chengdu Medical College (please indicate the applicant’s name, ID number and post code on the payment voucher for registration qualification confirmation). Address: Room 510, fifth floor, office building, Xindu Campus, Chengdu Medical College, No.783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu. Tel: 028-62739221, 62739065 (fax).

　　2. Bank Remittance: From the date of passing the online qualification preliminary examination to 16: 30 on July 5, 2013 (subject to the time of bank remittance voucher), you can remit money to the following designated accounts, please indicate on the remittance voucher: the name of the applicant, ID number and post code for applying for the exam.

　　Account Opening Unit: Chengdu Medical College

　　Bank of deposit: Tianhui Sub-branch of Agricultural Bank of China.

　　Bank account number: 22-810501040007129

　　Line number: 103651081052

　　After the remittance is successful, before 17: 00 on July 5, 2013, fax the bank remittance voucher to the Personnel Department of Chengdu Medical College, with the fax number of 028-62739065, which is used to confirm the registration qualification.

　　Failing to pay the fee within the specified time as required, or paying the fee but failing to provide remittance credentials as required, will be regarded as automatically giving up the application.

　　(3) Post adjustment

　　If the ratio of the number of applicants for a recruitment position to the number of recruitment places does not reach the proportion of the written examination prescribed in this announcement, Chengdu Medical College will reduce the number of recruitment places for this position or cancel the recruitment position according to the policy. The reduction or cancellation was announced to the public by Chengdu Medical College on July 9 on Sichuan Personnel Examination Network, Sichuan Education Network and the website of Chengdu Medical College. If the written examination fee paid by the applicant is cancelled, the applicant will go to the Personnel Department of our college (address: Room 510, 5th floor, office building, Xindu Campus, Chengdu Medical College, No.783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu) before July 15, 2013 to go through the relevant procedures for refunding the fee, and then return the fee to the financial department of the school with the payment receipt.

　　(4) Print the registration form.

　　Applicants who have passed the photo upload and paid the fee successfully should log in to the public recruitment registration system on the website of Chengdu Medical College in time, and print two copies of the Application Information Form according to the network prompts for use in the interview qualification examination.

　　(5) Print the admission ticket

　　Candidates who have successfully registered online and paid fees should log on to the website of Chengdu Medical College before 9: 00 on July 13th and 20:00 on July 19th to enter the public recruitment registration system to print their admission ticket, and the candidates must abide by the requirements of the commitment letter of honesty in personnel examination on the admission ticket.

　　On the day of the exam, the applicant must hold his admission ticket and ID card (excluding the old version of temporary id card and expired ID card, ID card copy, household registration book) to take the written test at the time and venue specified in the admission ticket. The applicant shall bear all the responsibilities for failing to print the admission ticket within the time limit, and the relevant documents do not meet the specified requirements and affect the examination.

　　V. Examination

　　This open recruitment is conducted by means of comprehensive elimination examination. The exam includes a written test and an interview.

　　According to the requirements of the Trial Measures for the Recruitment of Staff in Institutions in Sichuan Province (No.9 [2006] of Sichuan Province) and the Implementation Rules for the Open Recruitment of Staff in Provincial Institutions in Sichuan Province (Trial) (No.34 [2006] of Sichuan Province) and the Notice on Further Regulating the Open Recruitment of Staff in Provincial Institutions (No.457 [2009] of Sichuan Province)

　　(A) the principles for calculating test scores

　　1, the written test total score calculation

　　Total written test score (including policy bonus, the same below) = written test score+policy bonus.

　　2, the interview total score calculation

　　Interview scores of full-time teachers = professional trial scores ×50%+ professional defense scores ×50%.

　　Interview scores of experimental technical posts such as experimental teachers and experimenters = professional skill defense scores × 100%

　　Post interview scores of librarians and modern educational technology staff = professional skills defense scores × 100%

　　Counselor’s post interview score = structured interview score × 100%

　　3. Calculation of total test scores

　　Total test score = total written test score × 40%+total interview score × 60%

　　(2) written examination

　　1. Written test subjects. The written test subject is "Comprehensive Basic Knowledge Test". The written examination adopts the closed-book examination method, the examination time is 120 minutes, and the full score of the written examination paper is 100 points.

　　2. The scope of written test. The contents of the written test of Comprehensive Basic Knowledge are Higher Education, Higher Education Psychology and Basic Knowledge. For details of the written test reference materials, please refer to Annex II "Chengdu Medical College Public Recruitment Examination Reference Materials for the First Half of 2013".

　　3. written test time. It is scheduled to be held in Xindu Campus of Chengdu Medical College on July 20th, 2013 (see the Admission Ticket for details). Candidates who are absent from the written test subjects or whose written test scores are 0 are deemed to have given up automatically and disqualified.

　　4. The written test results are announced. The total score of written test was published on the websites of Sichuan Personnel Testing Network, Sichuan Education Network and Chengdu Medical College on July 24th, 2013. Applicants should log on to the above websites themselves or check with the recruiting unit. Candidates who have questions about the total score of the written test can apply for scoring before 16: 00 on July 25, 2013, and will not be accepted after the deadline. The result of the score check was returned to the applicant by telephone on July 25th, 2013.

　　5. Policy bonus points. In accordance with the notice on further improving the relevant policies for volunteers in the "Three Supports and One Support" program (Chuan Ren Fa [2007] No.16) and other documents, volunteers who have participated in the "College Students’ Volunteer Service Plan for the West", "Three Supports and One Support" and the "Special Post Plan for School Teachers in Rural Compulsory Education Stage" and passed the examination of the Youth League Committee (or the People’s Social Security Bureau and the Education Bureau) at or above the county level where they serve will apply for public institutions. College students’ village (community) cadres will get extra points according to the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning the Policy of Extra Points for College Students’ Village (community) Cadres to Apply for Civil Servants and Staff of Institutions (Chuanzutong [2010] No.4). Retired soldiers who meet the requirements of "Opinions on Strengthening Conscription Work under the New Situation" will receive extra points according to relevant regulations.

　　Applicants who apply for extra points should submit the following materials to the Personnel Department of Chengdu Medical College (address: Room 510, 5th floor, office building, Xindu Campus, Chengdu, 783 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, Tel: 028-62739221) before 16: 00 on July 8, 2013 during working hours for review.

　　(1) The original and photocopy of the certificate, assessment materials, service contract (agreement) and service certificate issued by the Youth League Committee (or the People’s Social Security Bureau, Education Bureau) at or above the county level where the service is located, the "College Students Volunteer Service Plan for the West", the "Three Supports and One Support" plan and the "Special Post Plan for School Teachers in Rural Compulsory Education Stage".

　　(2) The retired college student soldiers who apply for extra points must provide the original and photocopy of their valid "Certificate of Retirement from Active Service", "good soldier Certificate", relevant award certificates (badges) and diploma of junior college or above.

　　If the materials are incomplete, non-original or overdue, they will not be accepted at their own risk. Those who meet the requirements after examination will be awarded extra points by our hospital according to regulations.

　　(3) Interview

　　1. Interview method and scope. Adopt different interview methods according to different requirements of the post. The post interview of professional teachers includes professional trial lecture and professional defense, focusing on the assessment of the applicant’s ability to achieve teaching objectives, master the content of teaching materials, organize classroom teaching, basic teaching quality, teaching effect and other elements. For the trial lecture content, please refer to the Interview Notice and use blackboard writing. Interviews for experimental technical posts, such as experimental teachers and experimenters, and teaching assistant posts, such as librarians and modern educational technology workers, include professional skills defense, focusing on assessing candidates’ professional knowledge application and practical operation ability, language expression ability, adaptability and personality traits; The job interview for counselors is structured interview, focusing on the theory and practice of student work, such as party building, ideological and political education, mental health education, students’ quality education, study style, employment, students’ daily management, emergency handling, and major current affairs and politics. The full score of all kinds of job interviews is 100 points.

　　2. Determine the finalists for the interview. According to the total written test scores and recruitment places of the reference personnel in each specific recruitment position, Chengdu Medical College determines the interview finalists according to the ratio of 5: 1 from high score to low score. If the ratio of the actual written test reference personnel to the recruitment quota is less than 5: 1, the personnel who participate in the interview qualification examination will be determined according to the ratio of 3: 1 from high score to low score. Those who have the same total written test score (including policy bonus) as the last interview qualification examiner shall be determined as those who participate in the interview qualification examination. If the above minimum interview ratio is not reached, all the actual number of people who have obtained the interview qualification according to the written test will participate in the interview. The shortlisted interviewer list will be published on the website of Chengdu Medical College before July 26th, 2013. Candidates will not be notified separately.

　　3. Handling of interview qualification examination procedures. The interview qualification examination is conducted by Chengdu Medical College, and the specific time, place and personnel list will be published by Chengdu Medical College on Sichuan Personnel Examination Network, Sichuan Education Network and Chengdu Medical College website before July 26, 2013, without further notice. Please pay attention to the candidates.

　　Please bring the following materials to the designated place for interview qualification examination according to the specified time:

　　① Two copies of the Application Information Form (please fill in, print and post the recent 2-inch bareheaded photo as required);

　　② One original and one copy of the ID card;

　　(3) 1 original and photocopy of valid degree certificate and diploma;

　　4 other materials related to the qualification for the examination.

　　Among them, when the fresh graduates in 2013 participate in the interview qualification examination, they need to provide the original and one copy of the student ID card, and the original certificate of the department and major of the school issued by the employment department of the graduates. Whether it finally meets the requirements of the degree, academic qualifications and professional qualifications of the post, shall be subject to the academic qualifications and professional names contained in the valid degree certificate and graduation certificate obtained when I graduated.

　　Those who fail to provide the above-mentioned certificates and certificates as required and fail to participate in the qualification examination on time shall be deemed to have given up their interview qualification automatically.

　　In the interview shortlisted qualification examination, due to the fact that it is found that the interview qualification is cancelled because it does not meet the requirements for entering the examination, and the vacancy caused by the lack of documents required by the interview qualification examination announcement and the failure to participate in the qualification examination at the specified time, the candidates will be filled in the interview qualification examination in equal amount according to the total written test score from high to low. The personnel department of Chengdu Medical College will directly inform the applicants to conduct the qualification examination at the specified time and place according to the contact telephone number left on the Application Information Form. If the contact telephone number of the replacement personnel is wrong or not smooth, which leads to the inability to take part in the interview qualification examination, it will be regarded as giving up on its own, and the responsibility will be borne by itself.

　　Interviewers who have passed the interview qualification examination and paid 80 yuan’s interview fee according to the provisions of document No.237 [2003] of Sichuan Price Fee will be given an interview notice by the Personnel Department of Chengdu Medical College.

　　4. Time and place of interview. For the time and place of the interview, please refer to the Notice of Interview.

　　On the day of the interview, the interviewer will come to the interview examination room on time and at the designated place according to the interview notice and his valid ID card. Those who fail to arrive at the examination room at the specified time are deemed to have given up the interview qualification automatically. The resulting vacancy of interview places will no longer be filled by interview candidates.

　　If the actual number of people participating in the interview due to the qualification examination of the interview finalists or the vacancy caused by the absence of the exam is lower than the specified proportion of the interview finalists, the interview will proceed normally. If there is no competition among the actual interviewers of a recruitment position (that is, the number of interviewers is less than or equal to the number of people to be recruited for this position), and the interview score of the interviewers of this position is lower than 60 points, the qualification for application will be cancelled.

　　5, interview results announced

　　Candidates’ interview results are announced on the spot and signed by the candidates themselves.

　　(4) announcement of examination results

　　After the interview, Chengdu Medical College will publish the total test scores (including written test scores, bonus points, interview scores, total scores and rankings) of the actual interviewers on Sichuan Personnel Testing Network, Sichuan Education Network and Chengdu Medical College within three working days.

　　Sixth, physical examination

　　(a) medical personnel to determine

　　According to the recruitment quota, according to the total scores of candidates’ exams, Chengdu Medical College will determine the medical examiners in equal numbers from high score to low score. If the total test scores are the same, the medical examiners shall be determined according to the interview scores from high to low, the same below.

　　(2) Physical examination standards

　　For the items and standards of physical examination, please refer to the Notice of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education on Printing and Distributing the Methods of Physical Examination for Teachers with Qualifications in Sichuan Province (SJ [2004] No.295), the Notice of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education on Adjusting the Guiding Opinions on Physical Examination for Teachers with Qualifications in Sichuan Province (SJ [2007] No.102) and the Notice of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education on Adjusting the Physical Examination for Teachers with Qualifications in Sichuan Province. Among them, the hepatitis B detection project is implemented according to the requirements of the Notice of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health on Further Standardizing the Admission and Employment Physical Examination Project and Safeguarding the Admission and Employment Rights of HBsAg Carriers.

　　(3) Time and place of physical examination

　　The physical examination was organized by Chengdu Medical College in a designated second-class general hospital. The physical examination time, meeting place and personnel list will be announced with the interviewer’s total test score.

　　Candidates who fail to attend the physical examination at the designated place at the specified time and fail to complete the physical examination of the specified items within the specified time limit are deemed to have abstained automatically.

　　(4) Re-inspection and replenishment

　　If the initial medical examination is unqualified, I can apply for a re-examination within three days after receiving the notice of the medical examination results. Re-examination is designated by Chengdu Medical College to a second-class general hospital above Grade A except the original physical examination hospital. The physical examination results of those who apply for re-examination shall be subject to the re-examination results.

　　The vacancy of a post due to the automatic waiver or unqualified medical examination of the medical examiner shall be filled by the medical examiner in equal amount from high score to low score according to the total test scores of the candidates participating in the interview. If all the interviewees in this position are unqualified in physical examination or no one can make up for it, they will not make up for it.

　　VII. Assessment

　　Chengdu Medical College conducts a comprehensive assessment on the ideological and political quality, law-abiding, moral quality cultivation and psychological adjustment ability of qualified medical examinees, and confirms the authenticity and validity of personnel files and other materials related to the examination and their qualifications for the examination. Vacancies that are cancelled in the assessment and that applicants automatically give up after passing the assessment will not be replenished.

　　VIII. Publicity

　　Those who pass the examination, physical examination and assessment are determined by Chengdu Medical College as the candidates to be hired, and will be publicized on the websites of Sichuan Personnel Examination Network, Sichuan Education Network and Chengdu Medical College for 7 working days.

　　The publicity content includes the name, gender, age, admission ticket number, other relevant basic information of the person required by the recruitment position, the total test score, ranking and the recruitment conditions of the position to be submitted to the Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security for examination and confirmation, and the supervision and reporting telephone number is announced to accept social supervision and reporting. The whistleblower should reflect the problem realistically with his real name and provide necessary investigation clues. Any questions reflected anonymously or by other means will not be accepted.

　　If the 2013 fresh graduates who have no objection to publicity do not meet the academic qualifications, degrees and majors required by the recruitment position in this announcement, they will be disqualified, and the position will not be replenished at their own risk.

　　If there are serious problems reflected during the publicity period, and there is evidence and it does not meet the conditions for entering the examination, the qualification of the person to be employed by the publicity will be cancelled and will not be reviewed and confirmed; To reflect serious problems, but it is difficult to verify or deny for a while, it can be submitted to the Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security for examination and confirmation. However, if it is verified that it does not meet the conditions for entering the examination, the qualification of the person to be hired or hired will be cancelled. The vacancy that appears after the person being publicized is disqualified due to being reported and verified will not be replenished.

　　After the publicity, the vacancy of the recruitment quota due to the abstention of the person to be confirmed will not be replenished. After the materials of the personnel to be confirmed are submitted to the Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Department of People’s Social Welfare, the vacancies for recruitment due to reasons such as abstention will no longer be filled.

　　Nine, review and confirm and handle the employment procedures

　　The time and place of submitting the following materials shall be notified by Chengdu Medical College for those who have no objection to publicity.

　　1. On-the-job personnel should provide written materials issued by the original unit agreeing to apply for a new job (after being examined and confirmed by the Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, the on-the-job personnel will provide written materials formally agreeing to terminate the employment (labor) contract or agree to transfer (transfer) according to the requirements of the recruiting unit) or effective written proof materials such as an arbitration award on labor (personnel) disputes, as well as valid graduation certificates and degree certificates (the same below if there is a degree requirement).

　　2. Full-time graduates of ordinary colleges and universities who have not been employed within two years of graduation should provide valid graduation certificates and degree certificates issued by the education administrative department as well as employment certificates.

　　3. Graduates of 2013 should provide graduation certificate, degree certificate and Employment Registration Certificate before July 31, 2013.

　　4. Laid-off and unemployed persons shall provide the Re-employment Concession Card or unemployment certificate issued by the county-level labor and social security department where their registered permanent residence is located, valid graduation certificate and degree certificate, and the file management certificate issued by the effective personnel file management institution.

　　Chengdu Medical College is responsible for reviewing the authenticity of the materials provided by the applicants, and after summarizing, reporting the relevant materials of the proposed employees to the Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security for review and confirmation. The Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security will conduct the final examination and confirmation of the qualifications of the candidates and the standardization of this public recruitment in accordance with the relevant regulations, this announcement and the examination and confirmation materials submitted by our hospital.

　　Those who have passed the examination and confirmation of the Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Department of People’s Social Welfare have obtained the qualification of employing personnel. The employing unit shall, with the confirmation reply from the Provincial People’s Social Welfare Department, notify the employed personnel to report to the unit within the specified time, sign the personnel employment contract of public institutions in accordance with the relevant provisions, and implement the employment system management of public institutions.

　　Failing to provide the above materials as required within the time limit, and failing to report at the specified time after the examination and confirmation by the Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial People’s Social Affairs Department, shall be deemed as a waiver and the qualification of the personnel to be hired (employed) shall be cancelled. Vacancies arising from the above reasons will not be replenished.

　　X. Discipline and Supervision

　　In open recruitment, relevant units and staff should ensure that information, process and results are open and accept the supervision of the society and relevant departments. Once the personnel who violate the regulations and resort to deceit are verified, their employment qualifications will be cancelled, and the relevant personnel will be severely dealt with in accordance with the relevant regulations. Anyone who violates Article 30 of Order No.6 of the Ministry of Personnel and the provisions on the examination of discipline and discipline, especially the qualification examination is not carried out according to the announcement, will be severely dealt with according to the Measures for Handling Violations of Discipline in Personnel Examination in Sichuan Province (Trial) issued by the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security and the Provincial Supervision Department and Articles 31 of Order No.6 of the Ministry of Personnel. If the circumstances are serious, disciplinary action will be given to the party discipline, and if the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility will be investigated according to law.

　　XI. Special Tips

　　1, in the process of public recruitment, if there are any adjustments, supplements and other matters, by Chengdu Medical College in Sichuan Personnel Examination Network, Sichuan Education Network and Chengdu Medical College homepage announcement. If the applicant fails to take part in the written test, interview, physical examination, inspection, replacement and employment as required because he does not take the initiative to log on to the relevant website to check the relevant information as required, he shall be responsible for it.

　　2. Applicants are requested to ensure that the contact information is correct and smooth. Otherwise, the applicant will be responsible for the consequences caused by the inability to get in touch with the applicant.

　　3. This unit and the Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial Department of People’s Social Welfare do not hold or entrust any institution to hold exam counseling training courses.

　　Twelve, the consultation and supervision telephone.

　　Tel: 028-62739221, 62739223 (Personnel Department of Chengdu Medical College)

　　Supervision Tel: 028-62739071 (Discipline Inspection and Supervision Department of Chengdu Medical College)

　　028-8611182 (Discipline Inspection and Supervision Department of Sichuan Provincial Education Department)

　　Attachment:

　　1, "Chengdu Medical College in June 2013 open recruitment staff positions and requirements list"

　　(See the homepage of Chengdu Medical College Campus Network for the open recruitment registration website of Chengdu Medical College)

　　2, "Chengdu Medical College in the first half of 2013 public recruitment examination reference"

　　(1) Xie Anbang editor, Higher Education (Revised Edition), Higher Education Press;

　　(2) edited by Wu Xinchun, Psychology of Higher Education (revised edition), Higher Education Press;

　　③ Basic knowledge: You can refer to the scope of the Occupational Aptitude Test and the knowledge of domestic and international current affairs in the past year, and do not specify relevant books.

Chengdu medical college

　　June 20, 2013　　　　

1, "Chengdu Medical College in June 2013 open recruitment staff positions and requirements list". xls

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General Administration of Market Supervision on IssuingNotice of the Development Plan for Certification, Accreditation, Inspection and Testing in the 14th Five-Year Plan

Guo Shi Jian Zheng Jian Fa [2022] No.69

National Medical Products Administration, China National Intellectual Property Administration, market supervision bureaus (departments and commissions) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and all departments and directly affiliated units of the General Administration:

The Development Plan for Certification, Accreditation, Inspection and Testing in the 14th Five-Year Plan has been adopted at the 9th executive meeting of the General Administration of Market Supervision on July 15th, 2022, and is hereby printed and distributed to you. Please implement it carefully.

General administration of market supervision

July 29, 2022

(This piece is publicly released)

Development Plan of Certification, Accreditation, Inspection and Testing in the Tenth Five-Year Plan

In order to promote the development of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing industry during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, this plan is formulated according to the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of Long-term Objectives in 2035 and the 14th Five-Year Plan for Market Supervision Modernization.

I. Compilation background

(1) Development achievements during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, closely following the essential attribute of "passing on trust and serving development" in certification and accreditation inspection and testing, with reform and innovation as the driving force, we made great efforts to improve the certification and accreditation inspection and testing system, continuously strengthened the construction of industry governance capacity, comprehensively improved the supply level, and comprehensively served the economic and social development, making positive contributions to building a quality power and realizing the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

-the functional status has been significantly improved. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made an important exposition on "promoting the construction of quality certification system", which provided a fundamental basis for certification, accreditation, inspection and testing. The State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Quality Certification System and Promoting Total Quality Management (Guo Fa [2018] No.3), clearly taking quality certification as an important starting point for deepening the supply-side structural reform and the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, and making comprehensive arrangements for the construction of quality certification system. Inspection, testing and certification service industry is listed in the national strategic emerging industry classification and plays an important role in national economic and social development; Certification and accreditation inspection and testing are brought into the unified market supervision system, the responsibilities of the National Certification and Accreditation Supervision and Management Committee are assigned to the State Administration of Market Supervision and management, and the administrative supervision function is further strengthened. China’s certification and accreditation inspection and testing industry has entered a high-quality development stage.

-Deepen reform and continue to advance. The reform of compulsory product certification system has been deepened, and the catalogue of compulsory product certification has been streamlined and integrated into 17 categories and 103 products. For 19 of them, the enterprise self-declaration method has been implemented, and the designation of compulsory certification inspection institutions has been cancelled, so as to better play the role of "ensuring the bottom line of safety"; Steadily promote the reform of qualification examination and approval of certification bodies, cancel the special management measures before the entry of foreign-funded certification bodies, and implement the notification commitment and optimize the examination and approval services in the National Pilot Free Trade Zone according to the risk level; Comprehensively deepen the reform of qualification certification of inspection and testing institutions, integrate measurement certification of product quality inspection institutions and qualification certification of inspection and testing institutions, and improve the "general requirements+industry-specific requirements" model; Optimize the administrative examination and approval procedures, fully implement the "internet plus" administrative examination and approval model, and further improve the convenience of examination and approval; The market-oriented reform of inspection, testing and certification institutions has been steadily promoted, the market vitality has been effectively stimulated, and the service ability, innovation ability and market competitiveness have been significantly enhanced.

-The institutional system is more perfect. Promote the Network Security Law, Data Security Law, Cryptography Law and other laws to be written into the relevant provisions of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, organize the revision of the Regulations on Certification and Accreditation, complete the formulation and revision of departmental regulations and normative documents such as the Measures for the Administration of Certification Institutions, the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Accreditation Institutions and the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Inspection and Testing Institutions, organize the clearing of administrative normative documents and technical normative documents, and continuously strengthen institutional norms; Improve the certification system for industrial products, food and agricultural products, management systems and services, build a unified certification and labeling system for green products, improve the national network security certification system, establish certification systems for rail transit equipment, robots, drones, Beidou basic products and other new fields, issue a number of accreditation systems for e-commerce, services, greenhouse gas certification and verification, scientific research laboratories, and promote the establishment and implementation of a unified qualification certification system for inspection and testing institutions in road transport, environment, forestry and other industries, and standardize and guide them.

-The effectiveness of services has become increasingly evident. The field of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing services has been continuously expanded and widely used in various fields of national economy and social development, and the role of "passing trust and serving development" has become increasingly prominent. Strictly enforce product certification management, strengthen certification, accreditation, inspection and testing in food safety, network security, public health and other fields, and effectively protect national security, social public safety and personal health and safety; Improve the certification, accreditation, inspection and testing system of key industries, build an upgraded version of quality management system certification, implement high-end quality certification, and implement the project of "same line, same standard and homogeneity" in domestic and foreign trade, effectively promoting the quality improvement of products and services; Extensively carry out certification and accreditation work in the fields of organic, energy conservation, environmental protection and low carbon, comprehensively implement unified green product certification, and strive to improve the service capabilities of motor vehicle testing, environmental monitoring, carbon emission verification, etc., and help poverty alleviation, green development and ecological civilization construction. Significant results; Strengthen the work of international cooperation and mutual recognition of conformity assessment and technical trade measures, implement the vision and action of "One Belt, One Road" construction of certification and accreditation services, and promote the obvious improvement of trade facilitation.

-upgrading the development of the industry. The certification and accreditation inspection and testing service industry has developed rapidly, its comprehensive strength has been significantly enhanced, and its quality and efficiency have been continuously improved. By the end of 2020, there were 724 approved certification bodies in China, with 2.7 million valid certification certificates and 800,000 certified organizations. There are 48,000 inspection and testing institutions with qualifications, and 590 million inspection and testing reports have been issued; There are 12,381 accredited conformity assessment institutions, and 1,276,000 certificates are allowed to use the accreditation marks. The output value of inspection, testing and certification service industry is 388.1 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 15% during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, making it the fastest growing and most potential inspection, testing and certification service market in the world. The innovation ability, service ability and market competitiveness of institutions have improved as a whole. The number of institutions recognized by high-tech enterprises has increased by 1.5 times compared with the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and the business of institutions above designated size has reached 85%. A number of institutional brands with strong technical, management and service advantages have emerged.

-The market order is constantly standardized. Give full play to the functional advantages of unified market supervision and comprehensive administrative law enforcement system, constantly improve the five-in-one industry governance system of "legal norms, administrative supervision, recognition and restraint, industry self-discipline and social supervision", establish a new supervision mechanism with "double random and one open" supervision as the basic means, supplemented by key supervision and based on credit supervision, actively use smart supervision means such as the Internet and big data, and explore the implementation of online and offline integrated supervision modes and methods. In view of the chaos in the certification and testing industry that has been strongly reflected in the society, we organized actions such as centralized rectification of the certification and testing market and special rectification of the certification activities of epidemic prevention products, severely cracked down on illegal acts such as false certification, issuing false and false testing reports, buying and selling certificates, and selling counterfeit testing reports online, effectively safeguarding the credibility of certification and accreditation testing activities, and the order of the certification and testing market improved significantly.

-The international influence has gradually increased. China has joined 21 international organizations for conformity assessment, held a series of important positions in IEC, ISO, IAF and other international organizations, actively participated in the formulation of international standards and rules for conformity assessment, established cooperation mechanisms with more than 30 countries and regions, signed 15 multilateral mutual recognition agreements and 123 bilateral cooperation and mutual recognition arrangements, and achieved cooperation and mutual recognition results for conformity assessment under the framework of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP). Substantial progress has been made in the construction of the "Belt and Road" certification and accreditation cooperation mechanism, and the cooperation between the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao in certification and accreditation inspection and testing has been deepened, and the role of certification and accreditation inspection and testing in promoting international trade facilitation has become increasingly apparent.

(B) "14" period facing the new situation and new requirements

The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period is the first five years for China to start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and March towards the goal of the second century. China has turned to the stage of high-quality development, coordinating both domestic and international situations, coordinating development and safety, speeding up the construction of a modern economic system, speeding up the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, which has put forward higher requirements for certification and accreditation inspection and testing. The 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035 clearly defined the objectives and tasks of the development of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing in many aspects, such as building a strong country, promoting the prosperity and development of the service industry, building a high-standard market system, promoting the dual-cycle of international and domestic development, and accelerating the development of green transformation. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council made a series of decisions and arrangements, and put forward clear requirements for certification and accreditation inspection and testing. The 14th Five-Year Plan for Modernization of Market Supervision proposes to build a modern market supervision system, improve the national quality infrastructure, and define the work measures in the fields of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing in many aspects, such as optimizing the business environment, strengthening the comprehensive management of market order, promoting market circulation, serving high-quality development, and strengthening the protection of consumers’ rights and interests. Certification, accreditation, inspection and testing are promising and face rare opportunities for development.

At the same time, there are still some problems in certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, such as inadequate supply capacity, insufficient social credibility, weak brand influence, and the need to improve international discourse power. We must make efforts to supplement shortcomings, strong and weak items, consolidate advantages and promote promotion in accordance with the requirements of basing ourselves on the new development stage, implementing new development concepts, building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development, so as to promote certification, accreditation, inspection and testing to take the road of high-quality development and provide strong support for high-quality development of the economy and society.

Second, the overall requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, fully implementing the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, building a new development pattern based on the new development stage, promoting high-quality development as the theme, deepening supply-side structural reform as the main line, meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, and taking reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, establishing the concept of "big market, big quality and big supervision". Focus on the development goal of "marketization, internationalization, specialization, intensification and standardization", focus on deepening reform, strengthen system supervision, optimize service supply, give full play to the positive role of certification and accreditation inspection as a "physical examination certificate" for quality management, a "letter of credit" for market economy and a "passport" for international trade, and make new contributions to the construction of a modern market supervision system and the realization of the national development goal of the 14 th Five-Year Plan.

(2) Basic principles

1. Adhere to the party’s leadership and highlight the people-oriented.

Highlight political orientation, strengthen the Party’s leadership over certification and accreditation inspection and testing, fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adhere to the people-centered development thought, take meeting the people’s needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, take solving the people’s immediate problems as the focus of work, and practice the essential attribute of "passing trust and serving development" of certification and accreditation inspection and testing with practical actions to enhance the people’s sense of gain.

2. Adhere to the system concept and deepen reform and innovation.

Highlight the problem orientation, deepen the reform to solve the deep-seated contradictions and problems in development, comprehensively promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform in a wider and deeper scope, focus on promoting reforms in key areas such as market access, system implementation, supervision and management, and international cooperation, enhance the integrity, systematicness and synergy of the reform, and strive to create a market-oriented, rule-of-law and international business environment to further stimulate market vitality.

3. Adhere to market dominance and improve supply capacity.

Highlight demand orientation, guide the improvement of service supply capacity with market demand, stimulate market demand with the improvement of service supply capacity, form a higher level dynamic balance between demand traction supply and supply creation demand, expand the high-quality supply of certification and accreditation inspection and testing, and serve the high-quality development of economy and society.

4. Adhere to overall consideration and serve the overall development.

Highlight the goal orientation, focus on the economic and social development goals during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, and comprehensively improve the ability level of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing services to build a new development pattern. Focusing on promoting domestic and international double circulation, promoting the combination of "bringing in" and "going out" of certification and accreditation inspection and testing; Focusing on overall development and safety, we should adhere to the combination of "ensuring the bottom line of safety" and "drawing high-quality lines"

5. Adhere to pluralistic governance and safeguard social public trust.

Highlight the result orientation, give full play to the comprehensive efficiency of the unified market supervision system, improve the pluralistic co-governance system combining "legal norms, administrative supervision, accreditation and restraint, industry self-discipline and social supervision", strengthen system supervision and comprehensive management, build a traceability mechanism for the whole process of certification and accreditation inspection and testing activities, and resolutely safeguard the credibility and effectiveness of certification and accreditation inspection and testing work.

(3) Development goals

Focusing on the development requirements of "marketization, internationalization, specialization, intensification and standardization", we will speed up the construction of a certification, accreditation, inspection and testing system with unified management, joint implementation, authoritative public trust and universal mutual recognition, better serve the high-quality development of the economy and society, and strive to achieve the following main objectives.

1. New progress has been made in market-oriented reform, and market vitality has been effectively stimulated. The reform in the fields of qualification examination and approval of certification institutions, qualification identification of inspection and testing institutions, Certification staff management and compulsory product certification has been deepened in an all-round way, the market-oriented allocation mechanism of inspection, testing and certification elements has been improved, the third-party attributes of certification and accreditation inspection and testing institutions have become more distinct, and the market vitality and market competitiveness have been continuously improved.

2. International development has achieved new breakthroughs and its international influence has been significantly enhanced. Follow the internationally accepted rules and constantly improve the conformity assessment system combining internationalization with China. China has made new breakthroughs in participating in the formulation of international standards and rules for conformity assessment, and its participation and voice in international conformity assessment activities have been continuously improved; Establish a normalized bilateral cooperation mechanism with major trading partners, and establish an in-depth participation mechanism with major conformity assessment international organizations. The multi-bilateral cooperation and mutual recognition arrangement covers a wider range, and the "Belt and Road" certification and recognition cooperation mechanism has achieved substantial results. The international mutual recognition of China’s certification and recognition system has improved significantly, and the international business of conformity assessment institutions has expanded significantly, forming a number of institutional brands and institutional brands with international influence.

3. Professionalization has reached a new level and service supply has been continuously optimized. The innovation, management, service ability and comprehensive strength of certification and accreditation inspection and testing industry have been improved as a whole, the ability and quality of employees and staff have been continuously optimized, the proportion of innovation R&D investment and output has been gradually increased, the certification and accreditation system in new fields and the supply of inspection and testing services have been continuously increased, the application of key technologies for conformity assessment has achieved good results, the certification and accreditation inspection and testing technology in key areas such as national security and strategic industries has been safe and controllable, the problem of "sticking the neck" of inspection and testing instruments and equipment has been effectively solved, and the digital application level in the field of conformity assessment has been gradually improved.

4. Intensive integration forms a new pattern, and the industry structure tends to be optimized. The phenomenon of "small scattered and weak" in inspection, testing and certification industry has been obviously improved, and the structural layout of inspection, testing and certification service industry is more reasonable; The comprehensive strength of large-scale institutions has been significantly enhanced, and the leading role has been effectively played; The professional ability of small and medium-sized institutions has been significantly improved, forming a number of "specialized and innovative" institutions; New progress has been made in the construction of inspection and certification public service platform and inspection and testing high-tech service industry cluster, and the radiation-driven effect is more obvious.

5. Standardized development has taken on a new look, and industry governance has been significantly strengthened. The supervision system combining "legal norms, administrative supervision, recognition and restraint, industry self-discipline and social supervision" is more complete; A new supervision mechanism based on "double random and one open" supervision is established in an all-round way, supplemented by key supervision and based on credit supervision. The "internet plus supervision" model is fully operational, forming a systematic supervision and collaborative supervision pattern with multi-sector joint supervision, integration of various supervision means and continuous innovation of supervision mechanism and methods; The effectiveness of supervision and rectification in the field of inspection, testing and certification continued to deepen, without regional, systematic and industrial risks, and the effectiveness and credibility of certification and accreditation inspection and testing continued to improve.

III. Development tasks

(A) all-round service and high-quality development

Implement the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, further promote the construction of a quality power, vigorously carry out quality improvement actions, comprehensively improve the supply level of certification and accreditation inspection and testing services, promote quality reform, power reform and efficiency reform, promote quality improvement and industrial upgrading, and boost high-quality economic and social development.

1. Building a service manufacturing power and a quality power.

(1) Promote the upgrading of industrial basic capacity. Focusing on promoting a strong industrial base, we will strengthen the supporting capacity of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing of basic raw materials, basic components, basic processes and infrastructure, and support the implementation of industrial base reconstruction projects. Promote the improvement of inspection, testing and certification capabilities in basic raw material industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals, light industry, textiles and building materials, support scientific research institutes, key enterprises and institutions to form inspection, testing and certification innovation alliances, strengthen key basic materials and new materials inspection and testing technology research, establish a certification system with high industry influence, and promote the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure of basic raw materials; Improve the certification system of basic parts and components, strengthen the ability to ensure the consistency of certification, enhance the international mutual recognition of electronic component certification, promote the expansion and application of Beidou basic product certification, and promote the quality improvement of basic parts and components; Focusing on the transformation and upgrading of basic processes, we will jointly promote the optimization and improvement of conformity assessment schemes in related industries, and enhance the ability of enterprise quality diagnosis, improvement and verification; Establish and improve the certification system and inspection and testing system in the fields of Internet of Things, industrial Internet and vehicle networking, and strengthen the support and guarantee capacity of the new generation of information infrastructure construction.

(2) Promote the modernization of industrial chain supply chain. Improve the quality certification and inspection system covering the whole process of the industrial chain supply chain, and promote the safe and smooth supply chain of the industrial chain and optimize and upgrade. Using international advanced quality standards and methods, in key industries such as aviation, railway, urban rail transit, automobile, construction, medicine, information, environmental protection, etc., explore the establishment of quality certification system suitable for the characteristics of the industry, and promote the extension of quality management to the whole supply chain, the whole industrial chain and the whole product life cycle; Promote the certification of new management systems such as supply chain safety management system, business continuity management systems and compliance management system to improve the management level of supply chain; Optimize the inspection and certification service mode and industrial layout, provide integrated services for the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain supply chain, encourage the head enterprises and cluster enterprises of the industrial chain supply chain to guide the adoption of letters, reduce the market procurement cost and improve the operational efficiency of the industrial chain supply chain.

(3) Support the optimization and upgrading of manufacturing industry. We will implement the "Quality Certification Promotion Action for Key Industries", carry out the "Quality Management System Certification Promotion Activity" in depth, guide all kinds of enterprises to improve their quality management level, encourage certification institutions to develop high-end quality certification higher than the general standards of the industry, vigorously carry out the certification of rail transit, intelligent equipment, unmanned aerial vehicles, robots, smart home appliances, car networking products, explore the certification of new energy storage, Internet of Things, blockchain and privacy computing, and promote the upgrading of manufacturing industry. Implement "inspection and testing to promote industrial upgrading", improve the technical support capacity of inspection and testing in key industries, build a professional inspection and testing platform based on the layout of strategic emerging industries and manufacturing industrial clusters, break through a number of basic, public welfare and industrial common technical bottlenecks, and support enterprise innovation and development and industrial transformation and upgrading.

(4) Helping the high-quality development of the service industry. Accelerate the construction of service industry certification and accreditation system, carry out service certification demonstration activities, promote the standardization and branding of service industry, and improve service quality and efficiency. In the field of producer services, actively promote the service certification of engineering construction, digital design, logistics and transportation, energy conservation and environmental protection services, green data center, strengthen the inspection and testing capacity building of major transportation infrastructure, urban rail transit operation and maintenance, postal express packaging, intelligent logistics equipment, promote the development of new formats such as service-oriented manufacturing, and promote the producer services to extend to specialization and high-end value chain; In the field of life service industry, we will extensively carry out service certification for health, education, sports, pension, finance, after-sales goods and e-commerce, improve the quality of life service, and promote the life service industry to upgrade to high quality and diversification.

2. Smooth domestic and international double circulation.

(1) to promote the construction of a unified national market. Focusing on the construction of an efficient, standardized, fair competition and fully open national unified market, we will accelerate the construction of a certification, accreditation, inspection and testing system with unified management, joint implementation, authoritative public trust and universal mutual recognition, improve the market credit mechanism, promote the elimination of regional market barriers, and promote the market-oriented allocation of factor resources. Implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the whole process reform of market access and circulation management in automobile, electronic and electrical industries, promote the reform of industry access system, cancel repeated evaluation projects, and reduce market transaction costs; Clean up the administrative licensing and industry evaluation system involving certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, promote the social-oriented third-party technology evaluation activities to follow general norms and standards, and gradually change to a unified national certification system. In areas where a unified national certification system has been established, similar conformity assessment projects will no longer be established.

(2) Promote coordinated regional development. Encourage local governments to introduce policies and measures to strengthen certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, guide the establishment of regional linkage mechanisms, promote the sharing of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing resources, platform sharing, mutual recognition of results, supervision and mutual assistance, support the integrated development of inspection, testing and certification services in urban agglomerations such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Chengdu-Chongqing, and promote the circulation of regional factors and the smooth market; Implement CEPA agreement and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s development strategy, promote the in-depth cooperation of inspection, testing and certification services in Greater Bay Area, explore "Bay Area Certification", build a high-end certification brand with international influence, and realize "one certification, three places pass"; Implement certification, accreditation, inspection and testing measures to aid Tibet and Xinjiang, support the revitalization and development of old areas, and support the certification of organic products, cotton and other products and the construction of national quality inspection centers; Standardize and guide all localities to use certification to cultivate regional quality brands and enhance regional economic competitiveness.

(3) Promote the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade. Promote the convergence of domestic and foreign trade certification and accreditation, and promote the improvement of the integrated control system of domestic and foreign trade. Encourage the international development of third-party testing and certification institutions and provide integrated services for conformity assessment for domestic and foreign trade. We will improve the promotion and implementation mechanism of "the same line, the same standard and the same homogeneity" (hereinafter referred to as "the same quality"), which is integrated inside and outside, connected from top to bottom, coordinated by departments and connected with supply and demand, support enterprises to develop "the same quality" products, expand the application scope of "the same quality" products to general consumer goods and industrial products, and accurately meet consumer demand. Improve the public information service platform of "Three Tong" products, encourage certification institutions to carry out quality evaluation and technical assistance, and maintain the high-end quality brand reputation of "Three Tong" products. Strengthen cross-border e-commerce quality certification and inspection and testing technical services, and improve the quality and safety level of imported goods and goods exported to domestic sales.

3. Help rural revitalization

(1) Innovative conformity assessment service rural revitalization work mode. Strengthen the research on the path of quality certification, inspection and testing to serve rural revitalization, carry out the strategic work of quality certification to serve rural revitalization, explore the linkage mode of "high-standard market+high-quality production area" by means of quality certification, benchmark the demand of high-end market, cultivate regional high-end quality brands such as "Shenzhen Products" and "Lishui Mountain Farming" through certification and evaluation, improve the docking mechanism of production and marketing of high-quality agricultural and sideline products, and promote the high-quality development of rural revitalization. Encourage quality certification and inspection services to the countryside, provide accurate services for agricultural industrial parks, agricultural production and operation enterprises, agricultural mutual cooperatives and farmers, and strengthen technical support for rural revitalization.

(2) Promote the quality of agricultural products supply. Strengthen the supply of quality certification and inspection and testing services, and improve the certification and inspection and testing system of food and agricultural products in the whole process from field to table. Encourage agricultural products production and marketing enterprises and farmers’ professional cooperatives to carry out green food, organic products, hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP), good agricultural practices (GAP) and other food and agricultural products certification, improve the quality and added value of agricultural products, and support the construction of green agricultural products bases, ecological farms and modern agricultural industrial parks; Strengthen the capacity building of city and county agricultural products inspection and testing institutions, focusing on improving the detection capabilities of food safety and livestock diseases.

(3) Promote the development of rural industries. Build a quality certification and inspection system covering production, processing, warehousing, transportation, distribution, preservation and other links to serve the modernization of rural industries. In view of the quality, flavor, green and other attributes, we will implement the certification mode of "product+service", actively carry out the certification of special agricultural products such as organic products and selenium-enriched products, and the certification of rural tourism, leisure agriculture, homestay services, farming culture experience and healthy old-age care, strengthen the support of inspection and testing services in agriculture and rural areas, focus on strengthening the construction of inspection and testing capabilities such as seeds, agricultural materials, agricultural machinery and cold chain logistics, and support the development of agricultural technology services, cold chain logistics and chain distribution in rural areas.

(4) Helping the construction of beautiful countryside. Implement the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", improve the quality certification and inspection technical services in rural infrastructure, public services, human settlements and other fields, and explore the establishment of a third-party evaluation system in beautiful countryside. Strengthen the construction of inspection and testing capabilities of soil, air and water environment, serve the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and optimize the livable environment in rural areas.

4. Support green transformation and development

(1) Increase the supply of green products. Accelerate the implementation of a unified green product certification and labeling system, promote the integration of "green-related" evaluation systems in an orderly manner, and include more products with great ecological impact, strong consumer demand, strong industrial relevance, high social concern and large international trade volume into the green product certification catalogue, and explore the requirements for the control of new pollutants into the green product certification system. Improve the promotion mechanism of green product certification, promote the improvement of government green procurement system, encourage society to give priority to purchasing certified green products and increase the supply of green products. Accelerate the innovative research and development of green product evaluation technology, cultivate a number of professional service institutions for green products, and improve the technical support system for green products.

(2) Help fight against pollution. Focus on the field of high emission and high pollution, study and carry out cleaner production evaluation and certification, and effectively standardize the certification activities of products related to environmental protection treatment facilities and equipment; Deepen the special management of road transport safety, strictly enforce the certification requirements for motor vehicle emissions and other projects, and crack down on illegal activities in the field of compulsory product certification for illegally modifying road transport vehicles; Improve the accreditation system of ecological environment monitoring institutions, improve the "double random" spot check mechanism of ecological environment monitoring institutions, establish the directory database of ecological environment monitoring institutions and the directory database of inspectors, and promote the healthy development of ecological environment monitoring; Carry out joint supervision and law enforcement by departments, and severely crack down on illegal and criminal acts such as falsification of detection data by ecological environment monitoring agencies and motor vehicle emission inspection agencies.

(3) Serving the goal of "double carbon". Accelerate the construction of a conformity assessment system in the carbon field, focus on industries such as electric power, chemical industry, building materials, steel, nonferrous metals, paper making, automobile, etc., study and formulate conformity assessment solutions in the whole process and life cycle, strengthen the capacity building of carbon emission conformity assessment, improve the accreditation system of carbon emission certification and verification institutions, and promote the coordinated application and innovative development of various conformity assessment tools in the carbon field, such as products, processes, systems, service certification and validation verification, inspection and testing. Improve the carbon sequestration certification system of ecosystems such as forest certification, and standardize the certification services such as carbon footprint and carbon labeling; Improve the relevant standards for greenhouse gas emission verification, strengthen key technical research on carbon verification, certification and accreditation, strengthen the management of greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction verification and verification institutions and activities, and accelerate the construction of carbon emission verification and testing technology laboratories.

(4) Improve the conformity assessment system in the field of energy and natural resources. Vigorously promote the safety certification and performance certification of equipment such as wind power, photovoltaic power generation, biomass energy, nuclear power, ocean energy, etc., improve the new energy certification system, carry out the product certification of step-by-step utilization of power batteries in new energy vehicles, improve the technical level of residual energy detection of power batteries, strengthen the inspection and testing capacity building in the fields of fuel, natural gas, hydrogen energy, charging piles and new energy storage facilities, and promote the safe and efficient utilization of energy and transformation and development; Promote the application of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing in the field of natural resources, improve the technical specifications for certification, evaluation, inspection and testing of natural resources such as forests and grasses, land, oceans, geology and minerals, improve the certification system for sustainable management of forests and grasses, expand the technical support capabilities of natural resources investigation and monitoring, satellite remote sensing and so on, and promote the protection and intensive utilization of natural resources.

5. Serve the construction of "Safe China" and "Healthy China"

(1) Strengthen product quality and safety guarantee. Give full play to the role of compulsory product certification to ensure the bottom line of safety, implement compulsory certification (CCC certification) for products related to personal health, safety and environmental protection, and implement dynamic management of certified product catalogue according to risk level; Strengthen the construction of product quality and safety inspection and testing capabilities, focus on consolidating inspection and testing technical institutions in cities and counties, local areas, western regions and industrial clusters, and effectively support market supervision and administrative law enforcement such as product quality supervision and spot checks; Focus on the supervision of CCC certification, motor vehicle inspection, ecological environment monitoring, medical device inspection and other high-risk areas, strengthen supervision and inspection, and severely crack down on illegal acts such as leaving the factory, selling, importing or using products in CCC catalogue in other business activities without certification, forging and fraudulently using certification marks, false certification, unqualified testing and issuing false testing reports; Carry out research on the public service mechanism of inspection, testing and certification to provide effective technical support for safeguarding consumers’ rights and interests.

(2) Strengthen food safety. Implement the "four strictest" requirements, build a certification and inspection system for food and agricultural products from farmland to table, and improve the ability of food safety. Encourage food production and operation enterprises to obtain certification, strengthen the certification evaluation and post-certification supervision of food production and operation enterprises that have passed the certification of good production practices, hazard analysis and critical control point management system, and continuously improve the level of food safety management. Coordinate the promotion of national food inspection and testing capacity building and strengthen the supervision of food inspection and testing institutions.

(3) Strengthen network security. Improve the network information security certification and accreditation inspection and testing system, establish and improve the network security certification and accreditation system covering information technology products, systems, services, management systems and personnel, strengthen the construction of inspection and testing capabilities, enhance the network security guarantee capability, and serve the network power and the construction of digital China. Carry out personal information protection certification, mobile Internet application (APP) security certification, data security management certification, commercial password product certification, financial technology product certification, etc., and strengthen personal information and data security protection; Strengthen the technical capacity building of network security certification, promote the implementation of information security assurance practitioners certification, and improve the qualification evaluation norms of network security inspection and testing institutions; Improve the network information security certification and acceptance mechanism, promote cross-industry sharing and acceptance of certification results, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the network information industry and market system.

(4) Strengthen health service guarantee. Accelerate the construction of a certification and accreditation inspection and testing system in the field of public health, and improve the supply of public health services. Standardize the management system certification of medical institutions and improve the service quality of medical institutions; Promote the quality certification of epidemic prevention products, strengthen the construction of barrier-free environment quality certification system, actively carry out the certification of health services and old-age services, and help the health of the whole people and the elderly and the disabled; Accelerate the construction of Chinese medicine testing and certification system, study and establish independent innovation certification systems for authentic Chinese herbal medicines and Chinese medicine drinks, and promote the high-quality development of Chinese medicine; We will improve the emergency response mechanism for inspection and testing of major public health emergencies, open an "emergency channel" for inspection and testing capacity licensing for major emergency needs such as epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the capacity verification of relevant inspection and testing institutions, and improve the inspection and testing support capabilities.

(B) accelerate the realization of stronger and better industries.

In accordance with the requirements of high-quality development, strengthen the construction of certification and accreditation inspection and testing industry, improve the development environment, optimize the layout of the industry, improve the service capacity, service level and service quality of the industry, and establish a certification and accreditation inspection and testing service system that is closely linked and integrated with the modern industrial system.

1. Optimize the industry development environment

(1) Deepen the reform of market access system. We will comprehensively deepen the reform of the market access system for certification and testing, such as the qualification examination and approval of certification bodies, the designation of compulsory product certification implementation agencies, and the qualification identification of inspection and testing institutions, so as to stimulate market vitality. Fully implement the reform of qualification examination and approval of certification bodies, respectively implement classified examination and approval combining informing commitment and optimizing examination and approval services according to the degree of risk, and improve the verification mechanism of continuous conformity of certification bodies’ qualifications; Improve the way to designate institutions for compulsory product certification, expand the number of designated institutions for compulsory product certification, and accelerate the formation of a dynamic balance between the supply of designated institutions and market demand; We will fully implement the notification and commitment system for qualification identification of inspection and testing institutions, further reduce the time limit for qualification identification and evaluation, and streamline and optimize the procedures and contents of licensing and evaluation. Improve the online examination and approval system for the qualification examination and approval of certification bodies and the qualification identification of inspection and testing institutions, fully implement online processing, and improve the convenience of examination and approval.

(2) Cultivate and expand all kinds of practitioners. We will build a unified, open, competitive and dynamic market system for inspection, testing and certification, and create a market environment in which all types of ownership market players are treated equally and compete fairly. Adhere to the impartial and independent third-party attribute, actively promote the market-oriented reform of inspection, testing and certification institutions, establish and improve the business management model to adapt to market competition, and stimulate market vitality; Support private institutions to become stronger and bigger, encourage non-public capital to participate in the restructuring, capital increase and share expansion and management of state-owned institutions, and enhance their competitiveness; Encourage foreign-funded institutions to enter the domestic inspection, testing and certification market, actively introduce foreign advanced conformity assessment standards, technologies and services, and fully implement national treatment.

(3) Improve the management system of certified practitioners. Cancel the compulsory registration requirements for Certification staff’s professional qualifications, and establish a certification system for certified practitioners. We will build a capacity evaluation and credit evaluation system in Certification staff, formulate scientific and reasonable technical capacity requirements and professional ethics, promote the continuous improvement of capacity and quality, and form a supply mechanism for certified practitioners to meet the needs of high-quality development of the industry. Strengthen the administrative supervision and accreditation supervision of certification bodies to carry out Certification staff capacity evaluation and use management activities, and implement the main responsibility of certification bodies to evaluate and manage Certification staff.

(4) Improve the acceptance mechanism of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing. Promote national laws and regulations, departmental rules and industrial policies to establish a credit acceptance system, improve the credit acceptance mechanism at various levels such as government, industry and society, and promote the wide acceptance of credit certification and accreditation inspection results in the fields of market procurement, industry management, administrative supervision and social governance. Promote fair acceptance of trust, break departmental monopoly and industry barriers, and realize mutual recognition and universality of certification and accreditation inspection results.

(5) Strengthen policy guidance and industry services. Fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on promoting the development of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, promote the introduction of specific policies and measures by various localities and departments, study and formulate detailed implementation measures of national industrial development policies in the field of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, and increase policy guidance and support; Strengthen fair competition review, promote the elimination of discriminatory requirements involving certification and accreditation inspection and testing in bidding, government procurement, government procurement of services and other fields, and break departmental monopoly and industry barriers; Improve the statistical investigation system of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, carry out research on the measurement indicators of high-quality development of the industry, standardize the release of statistical data and evaluation indicators, and enhance the guiding function of industry development; Strengthen the service function of trade associations and enhance the functions of industry coordination, rights protection, technical exchange and personnel training.

2. Improve professional service capabilities

(1) Promote the integrated development of quality certification and inspection. Encourage practitioners to expand the business field of inspection, testing and certification through business cooperation, asset reorganization and mergers and acquisitions, make up for the shortcomings of qualification ability, extend the service chain of conformity assessment, and form a compound and integrated conformity assessment ability; Encourage institutions to develop integrated conformity assessment solutions according to users’ needs and improve their comprehensive service capabilities; Encourage certification bodies to expand diversified certification services such as products, systems and services with strong relevance under the premise of having corresponding capabilities; Encourage inspection and testing institutions with strong professional ability and good market reputation to apply for certification qualification in the same field; Encourage inspection and certification public service platform and inspection and certification alliance to play an integrated role, optimize resource allocation, and carry out collaborative services.

(2) Improve the professional ability and brand image of inspection and certification institutions. Strengthen policy incentives and guidance, promote qualified inspection, testing and certification institutions to be recognized as high-tech enterprises, improve the policies and mechanisms for brand cultivation, development, incentives and protection of inspection, testing and certification industries, create a good brand growth environment, and enhance the brand image of inspection, testing and certification industries; Encourage inspection, testing and certification institutions to enhance their professional ability and enhance the trust of all parties through the recognition of recognized institutions; Support large-scale institutions to develop comprehensive integrated services, implement the industry "leader" plan, cultivate a number of industry-leading enterprises, and build internationally renowned brands; Support small and medium-sized institutions to take the development path of "specialization and innovation", cultivate a number of "individual champions" and "invisible champions", enhance their professional service capabilities, and form a distinctive brand advantage.

(3) Optimize the layout of national quality inspection centers. Strengthen the planning, construction and management of national quality inspection centers, improve the exit mechanism, and give priority to supporting the construction of a number of national quality inspection centers that serve the development of high-tech industries and strategic emerging industries; Support the National Quality Inspection Center to participate in the construction of State Key Laboratories, National Manufacturing Innovation Center, National Industrial Technology Innovation Center and National Technology Innovation Center, undertake the first set of major technical equipment testing and evaluation, instrument and equipment development, capacity verification lead organization and other work, and give full play to the technical leading and supporting role of the National Quality Inspection Center.

(4) Promote the integrated development of national quality infrastructure. We will build a national quality infrastructure integration development system that is coordinated, coordinated, efficient and systematic, promote the coordinated interaction, collaborative innovation and integrated development of certification and accreditation inspection and measurement, standards (including standard samples) and quality management, actively carry out the construction of quality infrastructure integration service bases, support quality infrastructure service platforms and institutions to provide conformity assessment services, and strengthen the authoritative evaluation role of accreditation in the quality infrastructure system. Strengthen the positive role of quality certification, inspection and testing to promote the wide application and continuous improvement of other quality infrastructure elements, and promote the interconnection and high-quality development of national quality infrastructure.

3. Promote the digital development of conformity assessment.

(1) Innovative digital evaluation model. Organize the research and application of digital evaluation mode of conformity assessment, and use modern information technologies such as big data, blockchain and artificial intelligence to promote the digital application of conformity assessment. Carry out research and application of digital authentication mode and its key technologies based on industrial Internet and intelligent manufacturing, establish and improve digital evaluation rules and technical specifications in the field of quality authentication, and gradually popularize digital certificates; Explore the whole digital mode of inspection and testing, and promote the digital and intelligent application of inspection and testing based on digital equipment; Promote the digital evaluation of conformity assessment to extend to the whole process of industrial chain supply chain and the whole product life cycle, and enhance the digital evaluation ability.

(2) Promote the digital development of the industry. Adapt to the requirements of digital development of industry, promote the digital management of certification and accreditation inspection and testing industry, improve the digital infrastructure of certification and accreditation inspection and testing, promote the development of digital technologies such as certification and testing professional management software, intelligent testing equipment and data application terminals, and comprehensively improve the management level and develop quality and efficiency of the industry through digital technology empowerment.

(3) Vigorously improve the ability of industry governance

We will build a multi-co-governance pattern of "legal norms, administrative supervision, accreditation constraints, industry self-discipline and social supervision", improve a new supervision mechanism based on "double random and one open" supervision, supplemented by key supervision, and based on smart supervision, comprehensively strengthen the supervision capacity building of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, and promote the standardized and orderly market of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing and the long-term healthy development of the industry.

1. Improve the supervision system of combining things before and after.

(1) Strengthen the supervision of qualification compliance of certification bodies. In order to meet the new requirements of the reform of qualification examination and approval of certification bodies, while relaxing access restrictions and improving the efficiency of examination and approval, we should improve the verification mechanism of qualification compliance of certification bodies, focus on strengthening the verification of institutions that have obtained qualifications by means of notification commitment and newly approved institutions, revoke qualifications in time for institutions whose qualification ability cannot meet the requirements continuously, and strengthen risk warning and credit punishment for institutions that operate abnormally. Improve the management system for overseas institutions to carry out conformity assessment activities in China.

(2) Implement a supervision system combining daily and special supervision. Carry out daily supervision and inspection on the inspection, testing and certification activities and results of the institutions by means of on-site inspection, file inspection, certified organization inspection and spot check of certified products. Strengthen the research and judgment of quality accidents, complaints and reports, risk monitoring, etc., and carry out targeted special supervision and inspection in a timely manner. Publicize the results of supervision and inspection according to law, and investigate the legal responsibilities of illegal institutions and employees. Improve the quality analysis and risk early warning mechanism of certified products involved in the spot check of certification effectiveness and national supervision and spot check, urge certification institutions to take post-processing measures such as revocation of problematic products and suspension of certification certificates, and force certified enterprises to strengthen quality traceability.

(3) Improve the ability verification system of inspection and testing institutions. Timely discover the problems existing in the management and technology of relevant inspection and testing institutions and urge them to rectify, so as to continuously improve the technical ability and personnel level of inspection and testing institutions in China. Improve the database and platform construction of inspection and testing institutions’ capacity verification, conduct in-depth statistical analysis on the data and results of capacity verification, and put forward white papers and capacity improvement routes for inspection and testing institutions in various fields such as electronic appliances, food environment, building materials and textiles, and bulk raw materials.

2. Improve the comprehensive supervision mechanism of multi-party cooperation.

(1) Strengthen collaborative supervision. Establish and improve the inter-departmental and inter-regional law enforcement linkage response and cooperation mechanism to realize the exchange of regulatory information, the interconnection of illegal clues and the mutual assistance of law enforcement actions. Promote the relevant administrative departments to carry out joint supervision and joint punishment in the fields of compulsory certification product access management, environmental monitoring and motor vehicle security inspection; Give full play to the comprehensive law enforcement efficiency of market supervision, strengthen the coordination of certification and testing supervision and credit supervision, law enforcement inspection, anti-monopoly law enforcement, anti-unfair competition, network supervision and advertising supervision, and organize the market supervision system to jointly handle global and cross-regional case clues; Smooth the connection between disciplines, improve the working mechanisms such as information communication, clue transfer, measures coordination and achievement sharing, and hand over the clues of discipline-related cases to the discipline inspection and supervision departments according to regulations.

(2) Strengthen the recognition constraints. Optimize the top-level design of accreditation system, better adapt to the new development trend of conformity assessment activities in various industries, and provide more ability verification services to meet the needs of conformity assessment institutions and related parties. Focus on major national strategies, and strive to improve the level of recognized technical support in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction, food safety, network security and safe production. Strengthen the special supervision of accreditation based on risk assessment, and constantly strengthen the role of accreditation and restraint. Give full play to the recognized advantages of international mutual recognition, and promote the capacity building of inspection and certification and the acceptance of results.

(3) Strengthen industry self-discipline. Guide practitioners and practitioners to consciously abide by the "Regulations on Certification and Accreditation" and the basic norms of conformity assessment, and encourage industry self-discipline in the form of peer review. Strengthen the self-discipline management function of trade associations, establish and improve the self-discipline behavior norms and professional ethics standards of institutions, explore the establishment of systems such as "whistleblower" and internal whistleblower, encourage and guide peer supervision, standardize the behavior of employees and personnel, and safeguard the reputation of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing industries.

(4) Strengthen social supervision. We will improve the information sharing platforms such as the national public service platform for certification and accreditation information, the information inquiry system for qualification identification of inspection and testing institutions, and the inquiry system for inspection and testing report numbers, unblock the channels for reporting complaints, strengthen the investigation and evaluation of professional conduct, encourage the public to conduct information inquiry and behavior supervision on employees, attach importance to giving play to the role of news public opinion supervision, encourage the news media and online platforms to expose problem clues and illegal cases, and enhance the synergistic effect of public opinion supervision and administrative law enforcement.

3. Improve the system supervision mode with multiple measures.

(1) Full implementation of "double random and one open" supervision. First, adhere to the combination of "double random and one open" supervision and classified management. Continuously optimize and improve the directory database of employees and the directory database of supervisors. Through big data analysis, scientific classification is implemented for institutions with different risk levels and credit levels. When randomly selecting inspection objects, take differentiated supervision measures for different types of institutions and set a reasonable sampling ratio. Intensify spot checks on institutions with high risk level and low credit level. The second is to adhere to the combination of unified deployment and hierarchical implementation. The General Administration has strengthened the overall coordination of the overall inspection work, uniformly extracted the inspected objects, uniformly formulated inspection work instructions and inspection forms, unified inspection standards, and improved the standardization of inspection work. Give full play to the hierarchical management efficiency of the General Administration and local market supervision departments, and the inspection tasks shall be implemented by the General Administration and local market supervision departments at different levels to form a joint force of supervision. The third is to innovate regulatory means and strengthen the application of big data. Make full use of information technology and multi-dimensional big data analysis to find the entry point of inspection, improve the targeted accuracy of supervision and improve the efficiency of supervision.

(2) Strengthen risk monitoring and early warning. Improve the whole process traceability, risk monitoring and early warning mechanism of certification and accreditation inspection and testing activities, and organize the collection, analysis, judgment, risk monitoring and early warning, risk disposal and risk tracing of certification and accreditation inspection and testing. Carry out research on risk technical index system and improve risk monitoring index system; Improve quality analysis and public opinion monitoring mechanism, expand risk information collection channels, and strengthen risk judgment and information sharing; Improve the emergency response plan and do a good job in risk emergency response and post-treatment; Strengthen the construction of industry monitoring big data platform and carry out special monitoring and analysis in key areas; Improve the "two single maps" of integrity risk prevention and control, and strengthen the integrity risk prevention and control of qualification licensing, technical review and administrative supervision.

(3) Strengthen supervision and punishment. Implement the "who issues the certificate, who is responsible, who signs it and who is responsible", establish a system in which witnesses take overall responsibility for the inspection, testing and certification results, and strictly implement the main responsibility of the practitioners for the inspection, testing and certification results. Compaction institutions undertake the performance responsibilities entrusted by government departments, and seriously investigate and deal with the data, inaccurate results and fraudulent behaviors of relevant institutions and personnel in undertaking tasks such as product quality supervision and spot check and risk monitoring.

(4) Improve credit supervision. Strengthen the collection and sharing of credit information, establish a working mechanism connected with credit supervision information platforms such as enterprise credit information publicity platform, abnormal business list and serious illegal and untrustworthy list, and establish credit files of institutions and employees; Strictly implement the punishment for dishonesty, study and establish a joint punishment mechanism for serious illegal and untrustworthy subjects in the field of inspection, testing and certification, and implement joint punishment for inspection, testing and certification institutions, employees and certified organizations with serious dishonesty according to law to increase the cost of illegal and untrustworthy; Establish a credit repair system, and remove those who meet the repair conditions from the list of dishonesty in time according to regulations; Improve the industry credit evaluation mechanism, explore the credit rating and third-party evaluation of inspection, testing and certification industries, and promote the formation of a long-term mechanism of "disciplinary punishment for dishonesty and trustworthy incentives".

(5) Innovative and intelligent supervision. Build a smart supervision platform covering the whole process of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing activities, strengthen the construction of big data centers and information management systems, and realize real-time collection, accurate analysis and in-depth application of data information. Build an information sharing platform for the whole process of quality certification, collect the information of certification activities in real time, and break through the information bottleneck of certification implementation and supervision; Improve the network sign-in supervision system of certification on-site audit, and realize the integration of online and offline certification supervision; Relying on national inspection and testing institutions, build a number of inspection and testing data centers in key industries; Improve the information sharing and online verification mechanism, and increase the online verification of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing information docking e-commerce platforms and regulatory authorities.

(4) Effectively improve the level of international cooperation.

Grasp the new situation of opening to the outside world, deeply participate in global quality governance, promote the international development of certification and accreditation inspection and testing industry, enhance the international influence and voice of China’s certification and accreditation inspection and testing, and play a more active role in building a new pattern of international cooperation and opening up and promoting high-level opening up.

1. Deepen international cooperation and mutual recognition in all directions.

(1) Actively promote the construction of international conformity assessment organizations. Expand China’s participation and influence in international conformity assessment organizations, do a good job in recommending posts by international organizations, and promote more qualified international talents in China to hold management and technical positions; Strengthen cooperation with WTO, UNIDO, INetQI and other international organizations, promote international exchange of conformity assessment from a wider field and scope, and promote the interconnection of international quality infrastructure; Strengthen the construction of domestic counterpart working groups for conformity assessment of international organizations such as ISO, IEC, IAF and ILAC, improve the domestic operation mechanism of IEC conformity assessment system, form an alliance of domestic operation mechanism of IEC conformity assessment system, and enhance the participation of domestic enterprises and practitioners.

(2) Actively participate in the formulation of international conformity assessment standards and rules. Aiming at international capacity cooperation and the forefront of science and technology industry, we will actively put forward conformity assessment standards and rules in low-carbon and new energy fields such as offshore wind power, photovoltaic power generation, charging piles for electric vehicles, hydrogen energy and ultra-high voltage transmission, actively undertake international peer review, capacity comparison among international laboratories and other cooperation projects, actively publicize China’s excellent practice of conformity assessment through multi-bilateral international arena, promote China’s conformity assessment standards and systems to be internationally adopted, build an internationally renowned certification system brand, and strengthen its contribution to the development of international conformity assessment system.

(3) Expand and deepen the mutual recognition results of multi-bilateral cooperation. Strengthen multi-level cooperation between governments and institutions, and expand cooperation areas, partners and channels. Actively promote the expansion and upgrading of cooperation arrangements for conformity assessment under free trade zones (FTAs), solidly promote mutual recognition arrangements for conformity assessment under Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), closely follow the negotiation processes such as Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (CPTPP) and Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA), and study and propose cooperation plans in the field of conformity assessment; Accelerate the process of mutual recognition of food and agricultural products, consumer goods, equipment manufacturing, service industry and other fields, promote new breakthroughs in international mutual recognition in key areas such as information technology, high-end equipment, green products, renewable energy, and achieve a number of "small but beautiful" cooperation results in order to solve the specific needs of industries and enhance the competitiveness of related industries in the international market.

(4) Pragmatically promote the "Belt and Road" certification, accreditation, inspection and testing cooperation. Implement the "Belt and Road" cooperation initiative, focus on deepening multi-level cooperation between governments and people in the field of conformity assessment, and extensively promote cooperation in various fields such as policy coordination, technical exchange, personnel training, institutional cooperation, market opening and mutual recognition arrangements. Formulate the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation action plan for certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, organize and implement a number of effective cooperation projects such as the training of "One Belt, One Road" conformity assessment officials, technical assistance for certification and accreditation, and laboratory capacity verification, and promote the multi-bilateral mutual recognition arrangements in the fields of food and agricultural products, energy, transportation, electronic appliances, communication facilities, etc., and enhance the level of regional trade and investment facilitation.

2. Improve the facilitation level of conformity assessment service trade.

(1) Improve conformity assessment and promote international trade service system. Build a "information service platform for trade facilitation of conformity assessment services", strengthen the functions of publishing, sharing and feedback of conformity assessment information, and improve the accuracy and convenience for enterprises to obtain international conformity assessment services; Carry out in-depth analysis of the impact of conformity assessment on the trading industry, implement the project of "dynamic tracking and application of international certification and accreditation laws, regulations and standards", carry out comparative research on laws and regulations in the field of international conformity assessment, establish a database of conformity assessment information for major trading objects and trading products, track and analyze the development trend of international conformity assessment and the demand of trade industry development for conformity assessment, and study and formulate solutions for conformity assessment to promote trade facilitation under the new development pattern; Do a good job in WTO/TBT notification, consultation and evaluation, actively reflect the demands of the industry, put forward reasonable proposals, promote the fairness and transparency of conformity assessment measures in relevant countries, prevent the abuse of technical trade measures, and promote the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment. Strengthen the assessment and response of the impact of overseas conformity assessment measures on China’s industry and trade, accelerate the pace of independent innovation and cooperation and mutual recognition of conformity assessment in key core areas, promote the stability and smoothness of the supply chain of international industrial chain, and safeguard national sovereignty and development interests.

(2) Promote the international development of professional institutions. Encourage and guide practitioners to participate in multi-bilateral cooperation and mutual recognition of conformity assessment, promote the continuous growth of the number of domestic institutions joining multilateral mutual recognition systems such as IEC and IQNet, encourage domestic institutions to set up branches abroad, support domestic and foreign institutions to carry out business cooperation, and promote the close connection between inspection, testing and certification and overseas investment and capacity cooperation projects to provide enterprises with international, localized and integrated services; Encourage practitioners to participate in the formulation of international conformity assessment standards and rules and technical exchanges, participate in international capacity cooperation and service outsourcing projects, enhance independent innovation capability and international market competitiveness, cultivate new advantages in technology, management and service, and build an internationally renowned brand of conformity assessment institutions; Accelerate the training and export of international talents from professional institutions, and cultivate a team of high-quality professional talents with international vision.

(E) efforts to consolidate the foundation support system.

Taking reform and innovation as the driving force and improving the quality of supply as the main line, we will solidly promote the construction of the rule of law, systems, science and technology, and talent teams, comprehensively strengthen basic support capabilities, and promote the high-quality development of certification and accreditation inspection and testing.

1. Strengthen the protection of law and discipline

(1) Improve the system of laws and regulations. Accelerate the revision of the "Regulations on Certification and Accreditation", study and draft the "Regulations on Inspection and Testing", promote relevant laws and regulations to improve the provisions related to certification and accreditation inspection and testing, and accelerate the legislative process of conformity assessment. Strengthen the revision of departmental regulations and normative documents in the field of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, and improve rules and regulations such as qualification of practitioners, management of employees, conformity assessment activities and supervision and management; Fully implement the requirements of legality review and fair competition review, and improve the quality of legislation.

(2) scientifically define the rights and responsibilities. Fully implement list management, establish a list of powers, a list of responsibilities and a negative list of market access in the field of certification, accreditation, inspection and supervision, and effectively regulate administrative law enforcement behavior and market subject behavior; Adhere to the principle of "who approves, who supervises, who is in charge and who supervises" and clarify the boundaries of industry management responsibilities; Adhere to the combination of territorial management and hierarchical management, and rationally divide the regulatory powers and responsibilities of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing at all levels.

(3) Improve the supervision and restriction mechanism. Strictly regulate the use of public power in the field of certification and accreditation inspection and testing, improve the supervision and restriction mechanism of power operation, earnestly strengthen the construction of a clean and honest government, strengthen the connection between discipline and execution, increase supervision, implement supervision responsibilities, and resolutely safeguard the fairness, integrity and effectiveness of certification and accreditation inspection and testing.

2. Strengthen technical support

(1) Optimize the supply of conformity assessment standards. Improve the standardization mechanism of conformity assessment, give full play to the centralized management function of the National Technical Committee for Certification and Accreditation Standardization (TC261), accelerate the transformation and application of international standards for conformity assessment, standardize and guide the coordinated development of national standards, industry standards and group standards in the field of conformity assessment, and form a more scientific and reasonable conformity assessment standard system. Actively promote the application of advanced standards and the latest scientific and technological achievements in the field of conformity assessment, carry out self-examination and clean-up of industry standards, actively adopt industry advanced standards, encourage industry associations and industrial technology alliances to develop group standards that meet the needs of conformity assessment, and comprehensively improve the supply level of conformity assessment standards.

(2) Improve the innovation ability of conformity assessment. Strengthen policy theory research, improve the top-level design of conformity assessment system, and provide policy guidance and intellectual support for the innovative development of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing; Improve the integration mechanism of Industry-University-Research, encourage practitioners to develop conformity assessment technical schemes higher than the general requirements of the industry, encourage enterprises, research institutes and industry associations to participate in conformity assessment innovation research and development activities, improve the "certification system owner" mechanism, and strengthen the protection and application of independent innovation technological achievements; We will tackle key core technologies, adapt to the development trend of conformity assessment technology from small sample sampling to big data analysis, from single attribute to multi-attribute system evaluation, from qualitative evaluation to quantitative evaluation, and from traditional technology to intelligent and full-life cycle technology, and carry out technical research on digitalization, intelligence, precision and systematization of conformity assessment, so as to comprehensively improve the supporting and leading ability of conformity assessment technology.

(3) Promote the high-level utilization of inspection and testing resources. Promote the high-end development of inspection and testing instruments and equipment, guide resources and funds to the research and development of inspection and testing instruments and equipment, strengthen the research and development and application of digital and intelligent testing technology and equipment, establish a verification and evaluation system for domestic inspection and testing instruments and equipment, carry out performance comparison, verification and comprehensive evaluation of high-end instruments and meters at home and abroad, and improve the technical level of inspection and testing instruments and equipment; Strengthen the development of standard samples/reference materials for inspection and testing, deepen the innovative research and development and intellectual property protection in inspection and testing methods and regulations, instruments and equipment, experimental environment and trademark identification, and improve the comprehensive application level of inspection and testing element resources; Construct an open sharing platform for inspection and testing resources to improve the efficiency of resource development and utilization.

3. Strengthen talent guidance

(1) Build an education and training base. Strengthen the education construction of certification and accreditation inspection and testing disciplines, support institutions of higher learning, vocational and technical schools, education and training institutions to strengthen cooperation with certification and accreditation inspection and testing institutions, build education and training demonstration bases, develop qualified assessment education and training courses to meet the needs of industry and society, and provide multi-level, multi-field and multi-channel professional training for industry, government and society.

(2) Improve the ability of professional teams. Establish and improve the professional qualification system of quality certification and inspection and testing practitioners, improve the ability evaluation and continuing education mechanism, and continuously improve the ability and quality of personnel. Strengthen the management of registration examination for certification practitioners, organize training activities in Certification staff, expand the team of certification auditors, strengthen the training and supervision of assessors in inspection and testing institutions, optimize the selection and on-site assessment mechanism of assessors, promote the construction of industry assessment teams, and improve the professional ethics and professional competence of assessors. Vigorously carry forward the entrepreneurial spirit and craftsman spirit, make the pursuit of Excellence and advocating quality become the value orientation of the industry, and create high-quality management and industry leaders of inspection and certification institutions.

(3) Strengthen the construction of supervision team. Strengthen the supervision capacity building of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing of market supervision departments at all levels, clarify the powers and responsibilities of supervision functions, enrich the allocation of supervision resources, equip the supervision staff, strengthen the inclined support for the grassroots front line, and build a certification, accreditation, inspection and testing supervision team with excellent politics, exquisite business and excellent work style. Strengthen training guidance, enrich and improve training materials and case base of supervision and law enforcement, carry out multi-level training exchanges, on-the-job training, skill competition and other activities to enhance the ability of supervision and law enforcement.

Fourth, safeguard measures

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. Strengthen the party’s leadership over certification, accreditation, inspection and testing, and provide a strong political guarantee for the implementation of the plan. Establish a working system of unified leadership, departmental coordination and linkage from top to bottom, comprehensively strengthen overall coordination and organization and implementation, and create a good policy environment, market environment and rule of law environment. Give full play to the industry management function of CNCA, strengthen the role of CNCA in overall coordination, system scheduling, and guarantee implementation, and improve the planning implementation mechanism. We will improve the working mechanism of the national inter-ministerial joint conference on certification and accreditation, enhance the efficiency of inter-ministerial cooperation, and strengthen policy convergence, planning guidance and work coordination. Promote all departments and localities to incorporate certification, accreditation, inspection and testing into special plans and local plans, and guide enterprises, institutions, industry organizations and social organizations to actively participate in the implementation of the plan and form a joint effort. Local market supervision departments should combine the actual situation, formulate the planning and implementation plan, decompose and implement the objectives and tasks, clarify the responsible subjects, and ensure the implementation as scheduled.

(2) Improve investment guarantee. Encourage all departments and localities to formulate policies to promote certification, accreditation, inspection and testing and implement projects, establish and improve the capital investment guarantee mechanism combining government, enterprises and society, encourage and guide the standardized and orderly investment of financial funds and social capital, actively support local governments, enterprises and institutions to arrange matching funds for major projects, explore market-oriented capital channels such as development funds, project investment and financing, and quality liability insurance, give play to the synergistic effect of financial, taxation, financial and insurance tools, and increase investment support.

(3) Strengthen publicity and guidance. We will carry out in-depth theme activities such as "Quality Month", "World Accreditation Day" and "Open Day of National Inspection and Testing Institutions", give full play to the role of news media and new media platforms, strengthen the publicity, policy interpretation, knowledge popularization and achievement display of certification and accreditation inspection and testing, improve the quality awareness and integrity awareness of the whole society, and enhance market confidence. Actively publicize the excellent practice of conformity assessment in China, encourage practitioners to carry out international publicity and promotion activities, and enhance their international influence. Strengthen public opinion guidance, respond to public opinion trends in a timely manner, and create a good public opinion environment.

(4) Strictly implement the evaluation. According to the evaluation principle of combining target evaluation with process monitoring, we will monitor, evaluate and guide the implementation of the plan every year, study and solve new situations and problems in the implementation process in a timely manner, give full play to the constraint and leading role of the plan, and ensure the high-quality and efficient completion of the development objectives and tasks during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　Beijing, China, November 28 (Reporter Li Xingjian from the Central Radio and Television Station) According to the report of China Voice "News Night", many elderly people often choose an "elderly machine" with simple function and low price when choosing a mobile phone. However, some criminals have targeted some unprotected "old-age machines" and implanted virus Trojans to achieve remote control and illegal profits. Recently, the court in Xinchang County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province found that the company of the criminal suspect Wu Mou illegally controlled more than 3.3 million elderly phones, obtained more than 5 million mobile phone verification codes, and made a profit of more than 7.9 million yuan from the sale. The elderly victims were all over 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. The police revealed that not only old machines, but also some children’s watches with communication functions should be wary of such Trojans. What kind of black industrial chain is hidden behind this?

　　In August last year, in order to take care of her grandmother who is over 80 years old but lives alone, Xiao Zhu of Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province bought her a cheap functional machine online. The so-called function machine is what people often call "the aged machine", which only has basic functions such as answering phones and sending and receiving short messages.

　　However, when Xiao Zhu changed the package for her mobile phone, she found that the short messages sent by others could be received normally, but the verification code could not be received. Xiao Zhu put the phone card into his mobile phone, and the verification code could be received normally. He suspected that his grandmother’s old machine was equipped with a Trojan horse and immediately called the police.

　　Chen Yi, deputy head of the network police brigade of Xinchang County Public Security Bureau, said: "The function of inquiring telephone charges is normal, and other short messages are received normally. Once you encounter bank verification codes, including some mobile verification codes, you will not receive them. It is certain that a program in this mobile phone must have blocked the verification code. "

　　The police conducted an investigation on the online sales of the same brand of elderly phones. The police visited 25 people who bought the same mobile phone locally in Xinchang County and found that there were 15 mobile phones with abnormal SMS sending and receiving. At the same time, the police also conducted a judicial appraisal of the Trojan horse program in the mobile phone. Chen Yi introduced: "The appraisal opinion is that this Trojan has the function of identifying and obtaining all short messages in the mobile phone, which can be blocked according to keywords, and finally the short messages it needs can be uploaded to the server."

　　The public security organs at Shaoxing and Xinchang levels set up a "8.12" task force for infringing citizens’ personal information led by the network security department. After finding out the organizational structure of the whole criminal gang, they rushed to Shenzhen to control all the people involved in this technology company, and obtained a lot of background server data and contracts for trading with upstream and downstream chains. Li Yun, a policeman handling the case of the Criminal Investigation Detachment of Xinchang County Public Security Bureau, said: "Their data inventory has reached more than 5 million mobile phone numbers, and the total amount of information has reached nearly 50 million. This is a very huge amount of data."

　　After investigation, this company, with Wu Mou as the general manager, made a Trojan horse program that can control the mobile phone to recognize and intercept short messages, and cooperated with the motherboard manufacturer to implant the Trojan horse program into the mobile phone motherboard. These motherboards with the Trojan horse program entered the mobile phone manufacturer and were finally sold to the elderly.

　　According to the statistics of the background server of Wu Mou Company, there are more than 3.3 million mobile phone numbers activated by the implanted Trojan horse program, involving more than 4,500 functional model numbers, and the victims are all over 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. Li Yun, a policeman who handled the case, said: "Once this function machine is used by the elderly, it will actively send the mobile phone number to the Wu Mou gang, and the Wu Mou gang will input the number downstream, and then click to receive the verification code after getting the number downstream. They just go to the e-commerce platform ‘ Bonus hunter ’ Yes. "

　　It is understood that companies in Wu Mou not only use a small number of illegally obtained mobile phone numbers and verification codes to register their own apps and make profits by swiping them, but most of them are sold to "wholesalers" of citizens’ personal information like the "sweet potato" platform.

　　These platforms are an important part of this black industrial chain, and they are called "code receiving platforms" in the "industry". They buy personal information from companies like Wu Mou at a low price, and sell it to gangs and individuals in "bonus hunter" at a higher price through QQ group and WeChat group, and earn a profit from the difference. Thus, citizens’ personal information enters the "black market" and is bought and sold layer by layer, forming a huge criminal network. The criminal suspect Zou said: "A commodity gains a profit of two or three dollars. If you want to make money, you have to register so many. The model is very simple, that is, reselling and earning the difference."

　　The cyber security law stipulates that no individual or organization may steal or obtain personal information in other illegal ways, and may not illegally sell or illegally provide personal information to others.

　　Since June, 2020, Xinchang County Procuratorate has successively filed public prosecutions with Xinchang County Court for Wu Mou and other 70 people suspected of illegal control of computer information systems, infringement of citizens’ personal information and fraud. Recently, the Xinchang County Court made a judgment that Wu Mou was sentenced to four years and six months in prison for the crime of illegally controlling the computer information system, and fined 600,000 yuan, and the illegal income of 6.16 million was recovered; Tong was sentenced to three years in prison for infringing citizens’ personal information, suspended for four years, fined 80,000 yuan, and 70,000 yuan of illegal income was recovered.

　　The police investigating the case reminded that most smart phones are equipped with mobile phone security assistants and other software, which can identify virus Trojans for killing. However, some elderly machines or children’s smart watches produced by informal manufacturers have hidden dangers of being implanted by Trojans. Look for regular and reliable brand products when buying. "When buying this kind of electronic products for children and the elderly, we still have to choose electronic products that can be trusted by big brands, so that the quality is reliable. And in the process of use, we should pay attention to keeping our personal information, pay attention to confidentiality, and not easily disclose the information to others. "

　　Why did this restaurant appear on News Network when it opened?

　　Revealing the 33-year history of "the first joint venture western restaurant" in China after the reform and opening up.

　　When it opened in 1983, the nude female murals copied from the Louvre almost made the restaurant fail to open as scheduled, so people had to draw clothes for it. Leslie Cheung spent his last New Year’s Eve here before his death, and now fans often come to visit … … The Beijing Morning Post reporter learned that Maxim Restaurant, the "first Sino-foreign joint venture western restaurant" in China after the reform and opening up, was born in 1983 and will celebrate its 33rd birthday on the 26th of this month.

　　think that year

　　Maxim’s opening appeared in News Network.

　　Time went back to September 26th, 33 years ago, and the news broadcast that night rarely broadcast the news of the opening of a restaurant, which was Maxim’s restaurant in Chongwenmen. Previously, there were only a few western restaurants in Beijing, such as Moscow Restaurant and Xinqiao Hotel, which mainly operated Russian food. Therefore, Maxim was called "China’s first purely capitalist western restaurant".

　　The history of Maxim restaurant originated in 1893. In 1981, the poorly managed Maxim Restaurant faced bankruptcy and was bought by the famous French designer Pierre Cardin for $1.5 million. The costume master came to China just after the reform and opening up with steaks, foie gras, snails and aristocratic clothes, and came to Chinese, who was dressed in black, white, gray, green and blue traditional clothes and skillfully held jiaozi with chopsticks.

　　At that time, eating a meal in Maxim cost about 150 yuan per capita. At that time, the price in Beijing was like this: a catty of eggs, 1 yuan, a 70 yuan, the most expensive "private car" — — There was about one bicycle in 160 yuan, and the average monthly salary of Beijing workers in that year was 61 yuan. For a long time, ordinary people only dared to sneak a few glances into it by passing by. In the impression of many people, the lights in Maxim’s restaurant are like a dream with colorful glass turnstiles, and there are only black and white around.

　　Naked female murals are forced to "wear" dresses.

　　Now, from Chongwenmen Hotel to the second floor, the bright lights seem to be a romantic candle with the footsteps. Chestnut leaf-shaped chandeliers and wall lamps, gold-plated rattan patterns on the walls and dreamy stained glass windows are reflected in the crystal glass mirror. The short dozens of steps seem to be a tunnel through time and space, with the familiar Beijing outside and the French palace in the 19th century inside.

　　Yan Jinzhe, manager of the restaurant’s catering department, told the Beijing Morning Post that at the beginning of the restaurant’s establishment, the whole tone and style were dominated by French designers, which was basically a "replica" of Paris Maxim. Under the conditions at that time, China workers had not been exposed to western-style decoration technology, and the Japanese engineering team was responsible for the decoration of the restaurant except that the decoration equipment and materials were imported from abroad. Nowadays, Japanese construction marks left in the past can be found on the wall behind some sofas and in the electrical switch boxes.

　　French court style is not only luxurious, but also dreamy and fragrant. Many murals on the wall are copied in the Louvre, and young ladies show off their beautiful bodies. This was defined as "capitalist extravagance" in China at the beginning of reform and opening-up, and restaurants almost failed to open. In order to solve the urgent need, the restaurant staff can only find a large number of gauze curtains to cover all these murals. Later, the restaurant invited teachers and students from the Academy of Fine Arts to "dress" the naked woman in the painting, which has been preserved to this day.

　　Yan Jinzhe said that in the past 33 years, Maxim has only supplemented some glass windows with lost colors, updated some damaged furniture as they are, and replaced some oxidized silver tableware, but the principle followed is to "repair the old as old". This spirit of treating cultural relics has kept Maxim’s restaurant as it was at the beginning of its opening.

　　Leslie Cheung spent the last New Year’s Eve.

　　In 1893, Maxim’s restaurant, which opened in Paris, quickly became a "club" of the upper class in Paris. Charles de Gaulle, Picasso, former US President Johnson and the Queen of England were all guests. In Beijing, Maxim also attracted many celebrities. Moreover, Maxim is the location of many film and television dramas: Maxim’s restaurant has appeared in plays such as The Lion King for Hegemony, The Adventure King and The Golden Powder Family.

　　In the corridor of the dining room, photos left by many famous people such as Jiang Wen, Zhang Yimou, Gong Li, Chen Kaige and Brigitte Lin are hung all over the walls. At that time, the carpet in the middle of the restaurant could be turned into a ballroom after it was opened, and many "parties" were held here. Singer Jiang Xin recalled in "Days with Long Hair Flying" that Maxim Restaurant and later Diplomatic Club were two "holy places" of Chinese rock music. Cui Jian and his rock music were not accepted by the mainstream society at that time, and they could only perform in "minority" places including Maxim. Here, he sang Nothing for the first time.

　　Yan Jinzhe recalled that Leslie Cheung spent his last New Year’s Eve here before his death. "At that time, it was winter, and Leslie Cheung was holding a watermelon produced in panggezhuang and happily showed it to everyone at the scene. He took a photo with almost everyone. He had a good time that night ‘ Hi ’ This is somewhat different from the calmness when he came to the restaurant before. " But no one expected that after a short time, Leslie Cheung jumped down from the 22-storey hotel, and the photo in Maxim’s restaurant became his last image in Beijing. Today, on April 1st every year, fans from all over the world come here to look for Leslie Cheung’s notes in Maxim.

　　recall the past

　　Maxim Executive Chef Shan Chunwei

　　The first batch of French food "international students" studied in France for three months

　　Except that the hardware is almost the same as Maxim’s in Paris, in order to ensure the original flavor of French food, China also sent a "study abroad team" of 9 chefs, 3 waiters and 2 staff to Maxim’s restaurant in Paris to study for three months.

　　Shan Chunwei, 59, is the executive chef of Maxim’s restaurant. In 1983, if Maxim hadn’t entered China, 19-year-old Shan Chunwei might never have thought that he would become a leader in French cuisine. At that time, chefs and waiters, including Shan Chunwei, were gathered together for three months of "intensive training". In addition to the daily French language and professional terms, an important part of the training was the "labor discipline abroad" with distinctive characteristics of the times: you can’t act alone. In terms of dress, because going abroad represents the national image, everyone is required to wear formal clothes. For this reason, Hongdu Fashion Store specially produced a suit of Chinese tunic suit and suit for everyone, while shirts, ties and leather shoes were all purchased in Friendship Store. On May 10th, 1983, the study abroad team came to Paris. The station is arranged in Pierre Cardin Club. There were no beds in the club, so everyone made the floor on the mattress they bought temporarily.

　　Because Maxim’s restaurant in Beijing opened in September, the study time is only three months, and you must learn something. Shan Chunwei recalled that he got up at 4 o’clock every day, and three of them cooked spaghetti for the whole team with an electric stove. The rest got up one after another and took turns using the only bathroom. "After breakfast every day, everyone lines up in straight clothes: the leader is at the front, the translator is at the end, and we walk to Maxim’s restaurant near Concorde Square one kilometer away."

　　nowadays

　　Maxim still cooks the purest French food.

　　Shan Chunwei told reporters that as a pure French restaurant, it is not easy for Maxim to stay in China for 33 years. With or without a French chef, Maxim in Beijing has always adhered to the principle of authentic French food: without any additives, the dishes can taste the original flavor of meat, seafood and vegetables, and the aroma of red wine or brandy used in cooking. "The best embodiment of this is the steak juice, which is baked into golden yellow with Achyranthes bidentata bone, beef tendon and onion, and then boiled in a vat for 48 hours, and then filtered and concentrated. After more than 100 kilograms of ingredients, there is only about 10 kilograms left, and the juice may be more expensive than the steak itself, so many French diners will wipe every drop of soup on the plate with bread after eating the steak." Until now, Shan Chunwei always carries a spoon with him and personally checks whether the steak juice is right.

　　He told reporters that in March this year, French TV stations came to Beijing to shoot "The Road to China, Pierre Cardin" and ate at Maxim’s restaurant at noon. Shan Chunwei specially asked the film crew to determine whether Maxim in Beijing could still meet the standards of Paris. After a group of seven people finished eating, they said "thank you" 10 times in French and Chinese, saying that Maxim in Beijing made very authentic French food.

　　Maxim is still the purest "French style"

　　The reporter learned that Maxim’s restaurant is now a state-owned enterprise, which means it is a pure French restaurant run by Chinese people. Yan Jinzhe said that Maxim’s dishes completely retained the essence of French cuisine, and the menu was almost the same as when it was opened in 1983. 90% of the dishes were the same.

　　Now diners who come to the store can still feel the "gentleman’s style" of traditional French service. Here, all the waiters are men dressed in black tuxedos: the nails should not be out of the edge, the hair style must be inch, the shoes are all black patent leather shoes, the shirts should be changed every day, and there are specialized personnel to wash and iron them. In order to train "gentlemen", Maxim’s waiters’ training materials are all from foreign films, such as Princess Sissi, which is the most frequently played film during training. In addition, they will watch Korean dramas such as Miss Please to learn the housekeeping etiquette.

　　Now Chongwenmen Maxim has also created a brand of "Beijing 1983", focusing on cakes, desserts and coffee. For example, Napoleon Crisps are loved by many diners, and only six or seven plates of Napoleon Crisps can be produced a day, which are basically snapped up before three o’clock every day. At present, there are also online stores and micro-stores, a special distribution team has been set up, and a baking experience classroom has been built in which the public can participate.

　　Kung pao chicken gave the French chef a thumbs up.

　　After arriving at the restaurant, each China chef was assigned a French chef. Shan Chunwei was assigned to the cold dish group. "Chinese speaks French with an accent, and Parisians speak French with an accent, so we can’t understand each other. The master can only take my hand and go directly to the cold storage, telling me what vegetables to take, take a few, or simply gesticulate. " It took about three days, and everyone integrated into the French team and was able to work with French chefs. Ten days later, China chefs can basically operate by themselves under the guidance of the master.

　　Although my job is to deal with delicious food, it is more difficult for China chefs who have only eaten Chinese food before and have a 100% "China stomach" to adapt to western food than to cook it. "We were faced with a table full of French sticks and bloody steaks. I really don’t know where to start. Each of us took a baguette, cut it in the middle, put tomatoes in it, and put some coffee cubes in it to eat together. This made the French at the same table look stupid. "

　　Halfway through the internship, the manager of Maxim’s restaurant found the team leader China, hoping that Chef China could cook a Chinese meal for French chefs who have never been to China. According to the existing ingredients in the restaurant, the chefs in China have customized such a menu: baked home-cooked cakes, kung pao chicken and hot and sour soup. "At that time, cooking this meal almost exhausted us. There was no cauldron, only a small pan of western food." Shan Chunwei said, "But after eating, all French chefs gave thumbs up."

　　The Eiffel Tower model is the only souvenir.

　　Chef China received no salary while studying in France, only 100 francs a month. Shan Chunwei told reporters that at that time, he had a haircut of 90 francs in Paris, drank 7 francs for a bottle of water and smoked 10 francs for a box of cigarettes. "There is a chef who knows how to cut hair, so he will give us a simple haircut." During the usual rest, the resident gate is locked, and the chefs are writing study notes at the resident. Occasionally, people will queue up to visit places of interest in Paris with little free time, but they are reluctant to take the subway when they go out, such as visiting Notre Dame de Paris. Everyone walked several kilometers along the Seine.

　　"Once the designer of Maxim’s restaurant invited chef China to his manor to make beef pies and beef jiaozi for the guests. The guests were very happy and habitually gave tips. But we expressly forbid it. " Later, the tip was sent to the station by enthusiastic the French, and the tour leader insisted on not accepting it. The final compromise was to give each chef a model of the Eiffel Tower. This is almost the only souvenir that all China chefs brought back after going abroad for three months.

　　Maxim opens the door of China western food.

　　On August 9, 1983, a group of "Chef Overseas Students" boarded the plane to return home, which was only over a month before the opening of Beijing Restaurant. In mid-September, eight French chefs who came to Beijing from Paris to "aid" were in place, and "mentoring" met in Maxim, Beijing. "The French side attaches great importance to Maxim’s restaurant in Beijing, and has sent chefs, gold medal waiters, etc. Even the cashiers and cloakroom waiters are the French."

　　Maxim’s restaurant came to China and Beijing. In many people’s eyes, it may just be an upscale restaurant that brought different experiences to the taste buds of Chinese people at that time. However, in Shan Chunwei’s view, with Maxim’s arrival, chefs from China could learn how to make western food in France, which set a precedent and laid a foundation for China’s development and undertaking a number of large-scale events, competitions and conferences. Shan Chunwei participated in the Asian Games in Beijing in 1990, the World Conference on Women, the 2008 Olympic Games and the APEC meeting.

　　At the beginning of reform and opening up, there were almost no western tableware in Beijing. Before going to Paris to study, Shan Chunwei and his colleagues took a set of tableware airlifted from Paris as a sample and looked for manufacturers who could make it. They first found the Jingdezhen ceramic shop at the front door, but they couldn’t do it because the plates were too thick. Finally, they found the Liling ceramic shop in zhushikou, and the manufacturer agreed to undertake it. At that time, there was no manufacturer in Beijing who could make red wine glasses. It happened that the second Chongwen Hotel opposite Chongwenmen Hotel was holding a glassware exhibition, and a glass factory in Chengde promised to make them by hand blowing. Therefore, this manufacturer has become the "originator" of making western-style wine utensils in China, and its business has become prosperous from the brink of bankruptcy.

　　-Extension

　　Those old western restaurants in Beijing

　　● Moscow restaurant

　　Speaking of the old western restaurants in Beijing, we have to mention the Moscow restaurant with a long history of more than 60 years, which is affectionately called "Lao Mo" by the old Beijingers.

　　In 1954, the restaurant invited a master chef from the Soviet Union, and the doormen of the restaurant were all transferred from the military units. The higher authorities also specially distributed woolen pants, hair wax and leather shoes to the waiters in the restaurant, while the waitresses distributed extra perfume, which was almost superior to others.

　　Moscow restaurant is famous for its unique management style and pure taste of Russian western food in Beijing, and also runs English, French, German and Italian western food. The architectural style is not only luxurious and elegant, magnificent and full of Russian sentiment, but also integrates the fashion of modern architecture, fully embodying the artistic conception of nobility, elegance and romance.

　　● Huatian Dadi Restaurant

　　Dadi Restaurant, founded in 1945, is an old-fashioned restaurant that operated western-style dishes earlier in Beijing. It was first located on West Chang ‘an Avenue. Because the cuisine and decoration characteristics are similar to those of Moscow restaurant in Beijing, and it is located in the urban area of Beijing, it is called "the middle and small old man in Beijing".

　　The Russian-style cuisine operated by Dadi Restaurant is characterized by heavy oil, heavy color, heavy oil and thick taste, sweet, sour, spicy and salty, high, medium and low grade, and rich varieties. The dishes are famous for their economic benefits and are called "affordable western restaurants" by the people in Beijing.

　　● Xinqiao Sanbaole Western Restaurant

　　The old state-owned western restaurant, as a Russian-style western food, is a very classic one. The restaurant doesn’t completely copy the Russian style, but on the basis of the decoration with national characteristics, it integrates more local characteristics of China. The signature dishes are red vegetable soup and canned beef. Xinqiao Sanbaole Bakery is also an unforgettable memory for many Beijing children.

　　● Qishilin Western Restaurant

　　The time-honored "Cheshire Forest" is the first western restaurant with a certain scale in China. It was founded in Tianjin in 1901 by the founder of Germany, William Cheshire, and was founded in his own name. It has a history of one hundred years. Not only has it become a famous historical store in Tianjin, but it is also well-known at home and abroad with a prominent reputation.

　　The Chihlin Hotel has received many senior leaders of the party and country, foreign dignitaries, diplomatic envoys, government officials and international friends from more than 100 countries. For nearly a hundred years, it has also been frequented by dignitaries at home and abroad and top figures from all walks of life. The restaurant mainly deals in Russian and German western food, and Beijing Qishilin Western Restaurant opened on December 18th, 1998.

　　Beijing Morning Post reporter

　　Wang Ping/Wen Li Muyi/photo

On the morning of April 8th, at the invitation of Anhui Foreign Experts Bureau and our school, Professor Edvard I. Moser, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, visited our school, accompanied by Pan Yaqun, member of the Party Group of Anhui Human Resources and Social Security Department and director of Anhui Foreign Experts Bureau. Vice President Chen Chusheng met with the guests. Xu Geliang, Dean of the First Affiliated Hospital of our school and Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee, and Professor Shen Yong from the College of Life Sciences attended the meeting.

　

Chen Chusheng first welcomed Professor Edvard I. Moser’s visit and introduced the general situation of the school. Subsequently, the two sides discussed the construction of the school’s life science and medicine department and related issues of brain research.　

　

　

After the talks, Professor Edvard I. Moser gave a report entitled The brain′s navigation system in the multimedia classroom of the third teaching building in the West District. The report was presided over by Professor Shen Yong, and Director Pan Yaqun made a speech before the meeting.　

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser vividly demonstrated the importance of the spatial positioning system of the brain to human life in ancient times through animation. Because the composition of the human brain is very complex, and mammals such as mice, rats and squirrel monkeys may have a common ancestor with humans in evolutionary history, and their brain structures are very similar, neuroscientists turned to the simpler mouse or rat brain for research. Then Professor Edvard I. Moser introduced the development history of the research on human brain location system, from the concept of cognitive map was put forward around 1930 to the discovery of location cells in hippocampus by Professor John O′Keefe around 1970. In 2005, Professor Edvard I. Moser’s team discovered another kind of grid cell for localization in the area of the entorhinal cortex near the hippocampus of the brain.　

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser emphasized that the localization mechanism of hippocampus and olfactory cortex is completely different. The grid cells in the olfactory cortex can form a consistent and universal map when the environment changes, while the map composed of the position cells in the hippocampus has undergone earth-shaking changes with the environment changes. Therefore, the brain location system has two parts: the accurate location map of grid cells (low-dimensional) and the diversified map of location cells (high-dimensional). From the perspective of evolution, integrating the information of two sets of maps to navigate seems to be an efficient solution for animal navigation system. The distance and direction measured by the grid formed in the medial olfactory cortex will not change as it moves from one compartment to another. On the contrary, the location cells in the hippocampus form an independent map for each individual compartment, which makes it possible to store all kinds of memories. In the entorhinal cortex, in addition to the grid cells, Professor Edvard I. Moser and his colleagues also found the head direction cells, boundary cells and velocity cells, which all serve the system of mapping the world where mammals live. Through a series of experiments and data, Professor Edvard I. Moser showed that there are cells in the medial entorhinal cortex that can sense their own direction and distance from external markers, and discussed the mechanism of the lateral entorhinal cortex to perceive time, and suggested that there may be time cells besides grid cells and position cells.　

　

Finally, Professor Edvard I. Moser pointed out that these studies are helpful for human beings to treat and understand Alzheimer’s disease, and the entorhinal cortex is one of the earliest brain regions in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This disease causes degeneration of brain cells in the inner olfactory cortex, which eventually leads to cell death, which is consistent with the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease-disorientation of space and memory loss. With the increase of life expectancy, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is getting higher and higher. Professor Edvard I. Moser called for the joint efforts of related workers all over the world (from basic research to clinic) to cure and study the disease.

　

　

Professor Edvard I. Moser’s report gave us a deep understanding of the study of brain localization system. After the speech, the teachers and students present enthusiastically asked questions and exchanged ideas with Professor Edvard I. Moser.

　

During the visit, Professor Edvard I. Moser and his party visited the Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center and Brain Resource Bank (Brain Aging and Brain Diseases Research Center) of the School of Life Sciences of the University of Science and Technology of China with Professor Shen Yong, and offered their best wishes for the 60th anniversary of our school.　

　

　Edvard I. Moser, born in Norway in 1962, is now a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist, and the founding director of the Kafliko Institute of Systems Neuroscience and the Center for Memory Biology of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Mosor and his wife, Mai Britt Mosor, have led a series of cutting-edge research on brain mechanism in the past decades. In 2013, Edward Mosor won the Huo Weici Prize. In 2014, Edvard I. Moser, John O‘Keefe and May-Britt Moser won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.　

　

(Ministry of International Cooperation and Exchange)

(Adopted at the 11th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on June 29th, 2019)

Catalogue

　　Chapter I General Principles

　　Chapter II Vaccine Development and Registration

　　Chapter III Vaccine Production and Batch Issuance

　　Chapter IV Vaccine Circulation

　　Chapter V Vaccination

　　Chapter VI Monitoring and Handling of Abnormal Reaction

　　Chapter VII Post-marketing Management of Vaccines

　　Chapter VIII Safeguard Measures

　　Chapter IX Supervision and Administration

　　Chapter X Legal Liability

　　Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Principles

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to strengthen vaccine management, ensure vaccine quality and supply, standardize vaccination, promote the development of vaccine industry, safeguard public health and safeguard public health safety.

　　Article 2 This Law shall apply to the development, production, circulation, vaccination and supervision and management of vaccines in People’s Republic of China (PRC). Where there are no provisions in this Law, the provisions of laws and administrative regulations such as the Drug Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases shall apply.

　　The term "vaccine" as mentioned in this Law refers to preventive biological products used for human immunization in order to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of diseases, including immunization planned vaccines and non-immunization planned vaccines.

　　Article 3 The state implements the strictest management system for vaccines, and adheres to safety first, risk management, whole-process control, scientific supervision and social co-governance.

　　Article 4 The State adheres to the strategic and public welfare nature of vaccine products.

　　The state supports basic and applied research on vaccines, promotes vaccine research and innovation, and incorporates vaccine research, production and storage for preventing and controlling major diseases into the national strategy.

　　The state formulates development plans and industrial policies for the vaccine industry, supports the development and structural optimization of the vaccine industry, encourages large-scale and intensive vaccine production, and continuously improves the vaccine production technology and quality level.

　　Article 5 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall strengthen the quality management of the vaccine throughout its life cycle and be responsible for the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of the vaccine.

　　Units and individuals engaged in vaccine development, production, circulation and vaccination activities shall abide by laws, regulations, rules, standards and norms, ensure that the information in the whole process is true, accurate, complete and traceable, assume responsibilities according to law and accept social supervision.

　　Article 6 The State implements an immunization planning system.

　　Residents living in China have the right to vaccinate the EPI according to law and fulfill the obligation to vaccinate the EPI. The government provides free immunization program vaccines to residents.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization programs. The guardian shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with EPI vaccine on time according to law.

　　Article 7 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate vaccine safety and vaccination into the national economic and social development plan at the corresponding level, strengthen the capacity building of vaccine supervision and management, and establish and improve the working mechanism of vaccine supervision and management.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas, and uniformly lead, organize and coordinate the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas.

　　Article 8 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council is responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines throughout the country. The competent department of health in the State Council is responsible for the supervision and management of national vaccination. Other relevant departments in the State Council are responsible for the supervision and management related to vaccines within their respective responsibilities.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas. The departments responsible for drug supervision and administration of the people’s governments at the municipal and county levels with districts (hereinafter referred to as the drug supervision and administration departments) shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines in their respective administrative areas. The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccination in this administrative region. Other relevant departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of vaccines within their respective functions and duties.

　　Article 9 the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall establish departmental coordination mechanisms to coordinate the work related to vaccine supervision and management, regularly analyze the vaccine safety situation, strengthen vaccine supervision and management, and ensure vaccine supply.

　　Article 10 The State implements the whole-course electronic traceability system for vaccines.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall, jointly with the health authorities of the State Council, formulate unified standards and norms for vaccine traceability, establish a national collaborative platform for vaccine electronic traceability, and integrate the traceability information of the whole process of vaccine production, circulation and vaccination to realize vaccine traceability.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall establish a vaccine electronic traceability system, which is connected with the national vaccine electronic traceability collaborative platform, so as to realize the traceability and verifiability of the vaccine in the smallest packaging unit in the whole process of production, circulation and vaccination.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall truthfully record vaccine circulation and vaccination according to law, and provide traceability information to the national vaccine electronic traceability collaborative platform in accordance with regulations.

　　Article 11 In the process of vaccine development, production and inspection, we should establish and improve the biosafety management system, strictly control biosafety risks, strengthen biosafety management of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacterial strains, protect the health of operators and the public, and ensure that the use of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacterial strains is legal and legitimate.

　　The history, biological characteristics and generations of bacterial strains and cell strains used in vaccine development, production and inspection shall be clearly defined, and detailed files shall be established to ensure that the sources are legal, clear and traceable; Where the source is unknown, it shall not be used.

　　Article 12 People’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments, disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine industry associations shall regularly carry out publicity, education and popularization of vaccine safety laws, regulations and vaccination knowledge through activities such as National Children’s Vaccination Day.

　　The news media should carry out public welfare publicity on vaccine safety laws, regulations and vaccination knowledge, and supervise vaccine violations by public opinion. Publicity and reporting on vaccines should be comprehensive, scientific, objective and fair.

　　Thirteenth vaccine industry associations should strengthen industry self-discipline, establish and improve industry norms, promote the construction of industry credit system, guide and urge members to carry out production and operation activities according to law.

Chapter II Vaccine Development and Registration

　　Article 14 The state shall, according to the epidemic situation of diseases, the immune status of the population and other factors, formulate relevant research and development plans, arrange necessary funds, and support the research and development of new vaccines such as multiple vaccines and multiple vaccines.

　　The state organizes vaccine marketing license holders, scientific research institutions and medical and health institutions to jointly tackle key problems and develop vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control.

　　Article 15 The State encourages vaccine marketing license holders to increase investment in research and innovation, optimize production technology, improve quality control level and promote vaccine technology progress.

　　Sixteenth to carry out clinical trials of vaccines shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council according to law.

　　Clinical trials of vaccines shall be carried out or organized by tertiary medical institutions or disease prevention and control institutions at or above the provincial level that meet the requirements set by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and the health authorities of the State Council.

　　The state encourages qualified medical institutions and disease prevention and control institutions to carry out clinical trials of vaccines according to law.

　　Article 17 An applicant for a vaccine clinical trial shall formulate a clinical trial plan, establish a clinical trial safety monitoring and evaluation system, carefully select the subjects, reasonably set the subjects’ groups and age groups, and take effective measures according to the degree of risk to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the subjects.

　　Eighteenth to carry out clinical trials of vaccines, the written informed consent of the subjects shall be obtained; If the subject is a person without civil capacity, he shall obtain the written informed consent of his guardian; If the subject is a person with limited capacity for civil conduct, he shall obtain the written informed consent of himself and his guardian.

　　Nineteenth vaccines listed in China shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and obtain the drug registration certificate; To apply for vaccine registration, true, sufficient and reliable data, materials and samples shall be provided.

　　The State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall give priority to the review and approval of vaccines and innovative vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control.

　　Twentieth to deal with major public health emergencies in urgent need of vaccines or other vaccines identified by the health authorities in the State Council, the benefits outweigh the risks, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council can conditionally approve the application for vaccine registration.

　　In case of particularly serious public health emergencies or other emergencies that seriously threaten public health, the health authorities in the State Council put forward suggestions for emergency use of vaccines according to the needs of prevention and control of infectious diseases, which can be used urgently within a certain scope and time limit with the consent of the drug supervision and administration department in the State Council.

　　Twenty-first the State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall, when approving the application for vaccine registration, approve the production technology, quality control standards, instructions and labels of the vaccine.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall timely publish the contents of vaccine instructions and labels on its website.

Chapter III Vaccine Production and Batch Issuance

　　Article 22 The State implements a strict access system for vaccine production.

　　To engage in vaccine production activities, it shall be approved by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level and obtain a pharmaceutical production license.

　　To engage in vaccine production activities, in addition to meeting the requirements of drug production activities stipulated in the Drug Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the following conditions shall also be met:

　　(1) Having a moderate scale and sufficient production capacity reserve;

　　(2) Having systems, facilities and equipment to ensure biological safety;

　　(3) meeting the needs of disease prevention and control.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall have the vaccine production capacity; If it is really necessary to entrust production beyond the vaccine production capacity, it shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. Those who accept commissioned production shall abide by the provisions of this law and the relevant provisions of the state to ensure the quality of vaccines.

　　Article 23 The legal representative and principal responsible person of the vaccine marketing license holder shall have a good credit record, and the personnel in key positions such as the person in charge of production management, the person in charge of quality management and the person authorized by quality shall have relevant professional background and working experience.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall strengthen the training and assessment of the personnel specified in the preceding paragraph, and report their positions and changes to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in a timely manner.

　　Article 24 Vaccines shall be produced and inspected according to the approved production technology and quality control standards, and the whole production process shall meet the requirements of good manufacturing practice.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall, in accordance with the provisions, review and inspect the whole process of vaccine production and vaccine quality.

　　Article 25 The holder of vaccine marketing license shall establish a complete production quality management system, continuously strengthen deviation management, and truthfully record all data formed in the production and inspection process by means of information technology to ensure that the whole production process continues to meet the statutory requirements.

　　Article 26 The State implements the system of batch issuance of vaccines.

　　Before each batch of vaccine is sold or imported, it shall be audited and tested by the batch issuing agency designated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council in accordance with the relevant technical requirements. If it meets the requirements, a batch issuance certificate will be issued; Do not meet the requirements, issued a notice of disapproval.

　　Vaccines that are not issued in batches shall not be sold, and shall be destroyed under the supervision of the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; The imported vaccines that are not issued in batches shall be destroyed under the supervision of the drug supervision and administration department at the port location or otherwise handled according to law.

　　The State Council pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and batch issuing institutions shall publish the batch issuing results of listed vaccines in time for public inquiry.

　　Article 27 To apply for batch issuance of vaccines, the batch issuing institution shall be provided with the batch production and inspection records, abstracts and other materials, and samples of products with the same batch number. Imported vaccines shall also provide certificates of origin and batch issuance; In case of exemption from batch issuance in the country of origin, a certificate of exemption from batch issuance shall be provided.

　　Twenty-eighth to prevent and control the epidemic situation of infectious diseases or to deal with emergencies, the vaccine is approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council, and is exempted from batch issuance.

　　Twenty-ninth batches of vaccines should be issued batch by batch for data review and sampling inspection. The inspection items and inspection frequency of vaccine batch issuance shall be dynamically adjusted according to the risk assessment of vaccine quality.

　　If there are doubts about the authenticity of the application materials or samples for vaccine batch issuance, or there are other situations that need further verification, the batch issuing institution shall verify them, and if necessary, organize on-site verification by means of on-site sampling inspection.

　　Thirtieth batch issuing institutions found that there are significant quality risks in the process of batch issuance of vaccines, it shall promptly report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.

　　The department that receives the report shall immediately conduct on-site inspection on the vaccine marketing license holder, notify the batch issuing institution not to approve or suspend the batch issuance of the relevant products or all products of the vaccine marketing license holder according to the inspection results, and order the vaccine marketing license holder to rectify. The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall immediately rectify and report the rectification to the department that ordered it to rectify in time.

　　Article 31 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall truthfully record the production process deviation, quality difference, faults and accidents in the production process and the measures taken, and specify them in the documents issued by the corresponding batch of products; If the quality of the vaccine may be affected, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall take immediate measures and report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Chapter IV Vaccine Circulation

　　Article 32 The national immunization program vaccine shall be subject to centralized bidding or unified negotiation by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council, and the winning bid price or transaction price shall be formed and announced, and all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall implement unified procurement.

　　Other EPI vaccines and non-EPI vaccines other than the national EPI vaccines are purchased by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government through provincial public resource trading platforms.

　　Article 33 The price of vaccine shall be set by the holder of vaccine marketing license independently and reasonably according to law. The price level, price difference rate and profit rate of vaccines should be kept within a reasonable range.

　　Article 34 Provincial institutions for disease prevention and control shall, according to the national immunization program and the needs of disease prevention and control in their respective administrative areas, formulate plans for vaccine use in immunization programs in their respective administrative areas, and report to the departments that organize vaccine procurement in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, and at the same time report to the health authorities of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for the record.

　　Thirty-fifth vaccine marketing license holders should supply vaccines to disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with the procurement contract.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions shall supply vaccines to vaccination units in accordance with regulations.

　　Units and individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions shall not supply vaccines to vaccination units, and vaccination units shall not receive the vaccines.

　　Article 36 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall distribute the vaccine to the disease prevention and control institution or the inoculation unit designated by the disease prevention and control institution in accordance with the purchase contract.

　　Vaccine marketing license holders and disease prevention and control institutions shall have the conditions for cold chain storage and transportation of vaccines, and may also entrust qualified vaccine distribution units to distribute vaccines.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions can charge storage and transportation fees for the distribution of non-immunization-planned vaccines. The specific measures shall be formulated by the financial department of the State Council in conjunction with the competent price department of the State Council, and the charging standards shall be formulated by the competent price department of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in conjunction with the financial department.

　　Thirty-seventh disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall abide by the management norms of vaccine storage and transportation to ensure the quality of vaccines.

　　Vaccines should be in the specified temperature environment during the whole process of storage and transportation, and the cold chain storage and transportation should meet the requirements, and the temperature should be monitored and recorded regularly.

　　The management standards for vaccine storage and transportation are jointly formulated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council and the health department of the State Council.

　　Article 38 When selling vaccines, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall provide a copy of the batch issuance certificate or an electronic document stamped with his seal; Sales of imported vaccines, should also provide a copy of the customs clearance form for imported drugs or electronic documents stamped with its seal.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall, when receiving or purchasing vaccines, obtain the supporting documents specified in the preceding paragraph and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Article 39 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall, in accordance with the regulations, establish a true, accurate and complete sales record and keep it for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and vaccine distribution units shall, in accordance with regulations, establish true, accurate and complete records of receipt, purchase, storage, distribution and supply, and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　When the disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units receive or purchase vaccines, they shall obtain the temperature monitoring records of the whole process of transportation and storage, and keep them for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine; If the temperature monitoring records of the whole transportation and storage process cannot be provided or the temperature control does not meet the requirements, it shall not be accepted or purchased, and it shall immediately report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department and the health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level.

　　Article 40 Disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation entities shall establish a system of regular inspection of vaccines, and take measures such as isolated storage and setting warning signs for vaccines with unrecognizable packaging, unqualified storage temperature, and expiration date, and dispose of them in accordance with the provisions of the State Council drug supervision and administration department, health department and ecological environment department. Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units shall truthfully record the disposal situation, and the disposal records shall be kept for future reference for not less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

Chapter V Vaccination

　　Forty-first the State Council health authorities to develop a national immunization program; The types of vaccines under the National Immunization Program shall be drawn up by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council, and published after being approved by the State Council.

　　The competent department of health in the State Council established the national immunization program expert advisory committee, and established the dynamic adjustment mechanism of vaccine types in the national immunization program together with the financial department of the State Council.

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, when implementing the national immunization program, increase the types of vaccines for immunization programs according to the needs of disease prevention and control in their respective administrative areas, and report them to the health authorities in the State Council for the record and publication.

　　Forty-second the State Council health authorities should formulate and publish vaccination work norms, and strengthen the standardized management of vaccination.

　　The competent department of health in the State Council shall formulate and publish the immunization procedures of the national immunization program vaccine and the guiding principles for the use of the non-immunization program vaccine.

　　The competent health authorities of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate vaccination plans in light of the actual conditions of their respective administrative regions and report them to the competent health authorities of the State Council for the record.

　　Forty-third disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, according to their respective responsibilities, carry out publicity, training, technical guidance, monitoring, evaluation, epidemiological investigation and emergency response related to vaccination.

　　Article 44 An inoculation entity shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) Obtaining the practice license of a medical institution;

　　(2) Having doctors, nurses or rural doctors who have received professional vaccination training organized by the health authorities of the people’s government at the county level and passed the examination;

　　(3) Having cold storage facilities, equipment and a cold storage system that meet the management standards for vaccine storage and transportation.

　　The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall designate qualified medical institutions to undertake the immunization program vaccination work in the responsible area. Eligible medical institutions can undertake non-immunization vaccination work, and shall report to the competent health department that issued the practice license of their medical institutions for the record.

　　Vaccination units should strengthen internal management, and carry out vaccination work should abide by vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, vaccine use guidelines and vaccination programs.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall strengthen the technical guidance on vaccination work of vaccination units and the management of vaccine use.

　　Article 45 When carrying out vaccination, medical and health personnel shall inform the recipients or their guardians of the varieties, functions, contraindications, adverse reactions, on-site observation and other matters needing attention, inquire about the health status of the recipients and whether there are any contraindications to vaccination, and record the information truthfully. The recipient or his guardian shall truthfully provide the health status and vaccination contraindications of the recipient. If vaccination is forbidden, medical and health personnel shall give medical advice to the recipient or his guardian, and truthfully record the medical advice.

　　Before vaccination, medical and health personnel should check the health status of the recipients, check the vaccination contraindications, check the vaccination certificate, check the appearance, batch number and expiration date of the vaccine and syringe, check the name and age of the recipients and the name, specification, dosage, vaccination site and vaccination route of the vaccine, and ensure that the recipients, vaccination certificate and vaccine information are consistent before vaccination can be implemented.

　　Medical and health personnel shall vaccinate the recipients who meet the vaccination conditions. In case of adverse reactions of the seed recipients during the on-site observation, medical and health personnel shall take timely treatment and other measures in accordance with the requirements of vaccination work norms.

　　Article 46 Medical and health personnel shall truthfully, accurately and completely record the vaccination information such as the vaccine variety, the identification information of the marketing license holder, the smallest packaging unit, the expiration date, the vaccination time, the medical and health personnel who carried out the vaccination, the recipients, etc. in accordance with the regulations of the health authorities in the State Council, so as to ensure that the vaccination information can be traced and inquired. Vaccination records shall be kept for no less than five years after the expiration of the vaccine.

　　Article 47 The state practices a vaccination certificate system for children. Within one month after a child is born, his guardian shall apply for a vaccination certificate at the vaccination unit or the birth hospital where the child lives. The vaccination unit or the hospital of birth shall not refuse to handle it. The guardian shall properly keep the vaccination certificate.

　　Vaccination shall be administered by the place of residence. During the period when children leave their original place of residence, the vaccination unit undertaking vaccination at the current place of residence shall be responsible for vaccination.

　　The format of vaccination certificate shall be stipulated by the competent health department of the State Council.

　　Article 48 When children enter kindergartens and schools, nursery institutions and schools should check their vaccination certificates. If they find that they have not been vaccinated in accordance with the regulations, they should report to the vaccination unit where the children live or where the nursery institutions and schools are located, and cooperate with the vaccination unit to urge their guardians to replant in accordance with the regulations. Disease prevention and control institutions shall provide technical guidance for kindergartens and schools to check vaccination certificates.

　　Measures for the inspection of children’s nursery and school vaccination certificates shall be formulated by the competent department of health of the State Council in conjunction with the administrative department of education of the State Council.

　　Forty-ninth vaccination units shall not charge any fees for vaccination.

　　Inoculation units can charge vaccination service fees in addition to vaccine fees for non-immunization programs. The charging standards for vaccination service fees shall be formulated by the competent price departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in conjunction with the financial departments.

　　Article 50 The competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level may, according to the information of infectious disease monitoring and early warning, report to the people’s government at the corresponding level for decision and report to the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level for the record, and carry out mass vaccination in the administrative area.

　　If it is necessary to carry out mass vaccination nationwide or across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, it shall be decided by the health authorities in the State Council.

　　The local people’s government at or above the county level or the competent department of health in the State Council, which has made the decision on mass vaccination, shall organize the relevant departments to do a good job in personnel training, publicity and education, and material mobilization.

　　No unit or individual may carry out mass vaccination without authorization.

　　Article 51 If the local people’s governments at or above the county level or their health authorities need to take emergency vaccination measures during the outbreak and epidemic of infectious diseases, it shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

Chapter VI Monitoring and Handling of Abnormal Reaction

　　Article 52 The term "abnormal reaction to vaccination" refers to the adverse drug reaction that a qualified vaccine causes damage to the tissues, organs and functions of the recipient during or after the implementation of standardized vaccination, and all parties concerned are not at fault.

　　The following situations do not belong to the abnormal reaction of vaccination:

　　(a) the general reaction after vaccination caused by the characteristics of the vaccine itself;

　　(2) Damage caused to the recipients due to vaccine quality problems;

　　(three) the damage caused to the recipients by the vaccination unit’s violation of the vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, guiding principles for vaccine use, and vaccination programs;

　　(four) the recipient is in the incubation period or precursor period of a disease at the time of inoculation, and the disease is coupled after inoculation;

　　(5) The recipient has vaccination contraindications specified in the vaccine instructions, and the recipient or his guardian failed to truthfully provide the health status and vaccination contraindications of the recipient before vaccination, and the original disease of the recipient has an acute recurrence or aggravation after vaccination;

　　(6) Psychogenic reactions of individuals or groups due to psychological factors.

　　Article 53 The State shall strengthen the monitoring of abnormal reactions to vaccination. The monitoring plan for abnormal reaction of vaccination shall be formulated by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council.

　　Fifty-fourth vaccination units, medical institutions and other suspected abnormal reactions to vaccination shall report to the disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with regulations.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall set up a special institution with full-time staff to actively collect, track and analyze the suspected abnormal vaccination reactions, take timely risk control measures, report the suspected abnormal vaccination reactions to the disease prevention and control institutions, and submit the quality analysis report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Article 55 In case of suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination, the disease prevention and control institutions shall report it in time according to the regulations, organize investigation and diagnosis, and inform the recipients or their guardians of the conclusions of the investigation and diagnosis. If the conclusion of the investigation and diagnosis is controversial, you can apply for appraisal according to the appraisal method formulated by the competent department of health in the State Council.

　　Due to vaccination, the recipient dies, is severely disabled, or has a significant impact on the society, such as group suspected vaccination abnormal reaction. The competent health department and drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government at or above the municipal level with districts shall, according to their respective functions and duties, organize investigation and handling.

　　Article 56 The state practices a compensation system for abnormal reactions to vaccination. In the process of vaccination or after vaccination, the recipient’s death, serious disability, organ and tissue damage and other damages are abnormal reactions to vaccination or cannot be ruled out, and compensation should be given. The scope of compensation shall be managed by catalogue and dynamically adjusted according to the actual situation.

　　The compensation expenses required for immunization planning vaccine shall be arranged by the financial departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the vaccination funds; The compensation expenses required for vaccination of non-EPI vaccines shall be borne by the holders of relevant vaccine marketing licenses. The state encourages people who have received abnormal vaccination to be compensated through commercial insurance and other forms.

　　Compensation for abnormal reaction of vaccination should be timely, convenient and reasonable. The scope, standards and procedures of compensation for abnormal reaction of vaccination shall be stipulated by the State Council, and the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate specific implementation measures.

Chapter VII Post-marketing Management of Vaccines

　　Article 57 The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall establish and improve the quality management system of the whole life cycle of the vaccine, formulate and implement the post-marketing risk management plan of the vaccine, conduct post-marketing research of the vaccine, and further confirm the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of the vaccine.

　　For vaccines that require further research when approving the application for vaccine registration, the vaccine marketing license holder shall complete the research within the prescribed time limit; If the research is not completed within the time limit or it cannot be proved that the benefits outweigh the risks, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall handle it according to law until the drug registration certificate of the vaccine is cancelled.

　　Fifty-eighth vaccine marketing license holders should carry out quality tracking analysis of vaccines, continuously improve quality control standards, improve production processes, and improve the stability of production processes.

　　If the production process, production site and key equipment are changed, it shall be evaluated and verified, and filed or reported in accordance with the provisions of the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council on change management; Changes that may affect the safety, effectiveness and quality controllability of vaccines shall be approved by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council.

　　Article 59 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall continuously update the instructions and labels according to the post-marketing research and abnormal reaction of vaccination, and apply for approval or filing in accordance with regulations.

　　The State Council drug supervision and administration department shall publish the updated vaccine instructions and labels on its website in time.

　　Article 60 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall establish a system of retrospective analysis and risk reporting of vaccine quality, and truthfully report the production and circulation of vaccine, post-marketing research and risk management to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council every year according to regulations.

　　Article 61 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council may, according to the actual situation, order the holder of vaccine marketing license to carry out post-marketing evaluation or directly organize post-marketing evaluation.

　　The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall cancel the drug registration certificate of the vaccine that has a serious abnormal reaction to vaccination or is harmful to human health for other reasons.

　　Article 62 The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the State Council may, according to the needs of disease prevention and control and the development of vaccine industry, organize post-marketing evaluation of vaccine varieties. If it is found that the product design, production process, safety, effectiveness or quality controllability of this vaccine variety are obviously inferior to other vaccine varieties for preventing and controlling the same disease, it shall cancel the drug registration certificates of all vaccines of this variety and abolish the corresponding national drug standards.

Chapter VIII Safeguard Measures

　　Sixty-third people’s governments at or above the county level shall include the funds needed for vaccine safety, purchase of planned vaccines for immunization, vaccination and information construction in the government budget at the corresponding level to ensure the implementation of the immunization planning system.

　　The people’s government at the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, grant subsidies to rural doctors and other primary medical and health personnel engaged in vaccination work.

　　The state supports vaccination work in economically underdeveloped areas according to needs. The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and the people’s governments at the municipal level divided into districts shall give necessary financial subsidies to the people’s governments at the county level in economically underdeveloped areas to carry out the work related to vaccination.

　　Article 64 The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the epidemic trend of infectious diseases in their respective administrative areas, determine the projects related to vaccination within the scope of infectious disease prevention and control projects determined by the health authorities in the State Council, and ensure the implementation of the projects.

　　Article 65 The competent health authorities of the State Council shall provide the vaccine marketing license holders with information on the vaccine demand of the national immunization program according to the vaccine use plans of the national immunization programs of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the vaccine marketing license holders shall make reasonable arrangements for production according to the vaccine demand information.

　　When there is a risk of vaccine supply shortage, the health authorities in the State Council and the drug supervision and administration departments in the State Council put forward suggestions, and the departments in charge of industry and information technology in the State Council and the finance department in the State Council should take effective measures to ensure vaccine production and supply.

　　The holder of vaccine marketing license shall organize production according to law to ensure vaccine supply; If the holder of the vaccine marketing license stops vaccine production, it shall report to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council or the drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government in time.

　　Article 66 The State shall include vaccines in the strategic material reserve, and implement the reserve at the central and provincial levels.

　　The competent department of industry and information technology in the State Council and the financial department shall, jointly with the health authorities, public security departments, market supervision and management departments and drug supervision and management departments in the State Council, strengthen the production capacity and product management of vaccine reserves and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism according to the needs of disease prevention, control and public health emergency preparedness.

　　Sixty-seventh financial arrangements at all levels for vaccination funds should be earmarked, and no unit or individual may misappropriate or occupy them.

　　The relevant units and individuals shall accept the audit supervision of audit institutions in accordance with the law when using the funds for vaccination.

　　Article 68 The State implements a compulsory vaccine liability insurance system.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall take out compulsory vaccine liability insurance in accordance with the regulations. If the vaccine quality problem causes damage to the recipient, the insurance company shall pay compensation within the insured liability limit.

　　The specific measures for the implementation of the compulsory vaccine liability insurance system shall be formulated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council in conjunction with the health authorities of the State Council and the insurance supervision and administration institutions.

　　Article 69 When an infectious disease breaks out and is prevalent, the holder of the relevant vaccine marketing license shall timely produce and supply vaccines for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Transportation units should give priority to the transportation of vaccines for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall do a good job in organization, coordination and guarantee.

Chapter IX Supervision and Administration

　　Article 70 The drug supervision and administration department and the competent health department shall, according to their respective functions and duties, supervise and manage the whole process of vaccine development, production, circulation and vaccination, and supervise the holders of vaccine marketing license, disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units to perform their obligations according to law.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall supervise and inspect the quality of vaccines in vaccine development, production, storage, transportation and vaccination according to law. Health authorities shall supervise and inspect the implementation of immunization planning system and vaccination activities according to law.

　　The drug supervision and administration department shall strengthen the on-site inspection of vaccine marketing license holders; When necessary, units and individuals that provide products or services for vaccine development, production, circulation and other activities may be subject to extended inspection; The relevant units and individuals shall cooperate and shall not refuse or conceal.

　　Article 71 The state builds a team of professional and specialized drug inspectors at the central and provincial levels, and strengthens the supervision and inspection of vaccines.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall send inspectors to the holders of vaccine marketing licenses. Inspectors are responsible for supervising and inspecting the implementation of good manufacturing practice, collecting clues about vaccine quality risks and violations of laws and regulations, reporting the situation to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and making suggestions, and being responsible for the behavior during their stationing.

　　Article 72 If there are potential safety hazards in vaccine quality management, and the holder of vaccine marketing license fails to take timely measures to eliminate them, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department may take measures such as responsibility interview and rectification within a time limit.

　　Serious violation of drug-related quality management norms, the drug supervision and administration department shall order the suspension of vaccine production, sales and distribution, and immediately rectify; After the rectification is completed, production, sales and distribution can only be resumed if the drug supervision and administration department checks that it meets the requirements.

　　The drug supervision and administration department shall establish a credit record system for vaccine marketing license holders and their related personnel, incorporate it into the national credit information sharing platform, publicize their serious dishonesty information in accordance with the regulations, and implement joint punishment.

　　Article 73 If there are or are suspected to be quality problems with vaccines, the vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation entities shall immediately stop selling, distributing and using, and stop production if necessary, and report to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level in accordance with regulations. The competent health department shall immediately organize disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units to take necessary emergency measures and report to the competent health department of the people’s government at a higher level. The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall take measures such as sealing up and detaining according to law. For vaccines that have been sold, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall promptly notify the relevant disease prevention and control institutions, vaccine distribution units and inoculation units, recall them in accordance with regulations, and truthfully record the recall and notification, and the disease prevention and control institutions, vaccine distribution units and inoculation units shall cooperate.

　　If the production, sale, distribution, use or recall of vaccines are not stopped in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to their respective functions and duties, order them to stop production, sale, distribution, use or recall of vaccines.

　　Vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions, and vaccination units shall not conceal, falsely report, delay reporting or omit reporting vaccines that have or are suspected to have quality problems, and shall not conceal, forge or destroy relevant evidence.

　　Article 74 The holder of a vaccine marketing license shall establish an information disclosure system, and timely disclose information such as vaccine product information, instructions and labels, implementation of relevant quality management standards for drugs, batch issuance, recall, acceptance of inspection and punishment, and compulsory insurance for vaccine liability on its website in accordance with regulations.

　　Article 75 The drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall establish an information sharing mechanism on vaccine quality and vaccination together with the health authorities of the State Council.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments and health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall organize vaccine marketing license holders, disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units, news media, scientific research units, etc. to exchange information on vaccine quality and vaccination in accordance with the principles of science, objectivity, timeliness and openness.

　　Article 76 The State implements a unified system for publishing vaccine safety information.

　　Vaccine safety risk warning information, major vaccine safety accidents and their investigation and handling information, and other vaccine safety information determined by the State Council that needs to be published uniformly shall be published by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council jointly with relevant departments. The national report on the abnormal reaction to vaccination shall be uniformly published by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. The above information shall not be released without authorization. The release of major vaccine safety information should be timely, accurate and comprehensive, and scientific evaluation should be made in accordance with the provisions, and necessary explanations should be made.

　　The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall immediately verify and analyze the vaccine safety information that may mislead the public and public opinion, in conjunction with the health authorities and other relevant departments, professional institutions and relevant vaccine marketing license holders, and publish the results in a timely manner.

　　No unit or individual may fabricate or disseminate false vaccine safety information.

　　Article 77 Any unit or individual has the right to know vaccine information according to law and put forward opinions and suggestions on vaccine supervision and management.

　　Any unit or individual has the right to report vaccine violations to the health authorities, drug supervision and administration departments and other departments, and to report to the people’s government at the same level or higher level and its relevant departments and supervisory organs if the health authorities, drug supervision and administration departments and their staff fail to perform their supervisory and administrative duties according to law. The relevant departments and organs shall promptly verify and deal with it; Reward informants for verified reports in accordance with regulations; Informants who report serious illegal acts of their units and verify them are rewarded handsomely.

　　Article 78 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate emergency plans for vaccine safety incidents, and stipulate the classification of vaccine safety incidents, the organization and command system and responsibilities for handling, the prevention and early warning mechanism, the handling procedures and emergency safeguard measures.

　　The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall formulate a plan for handling vaccine safety incidents, regularly check the implementation of various preventive measures, and eliminate potential safety hazards in time.

　　In the event of a vaccine safety incident, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall immediately report to the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council or the drug supervision and administration department of the people’s government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government; Disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions shall immediately report to the health authorities and drug supervision and administration departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level. The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall, jointly with the health authorities, set up a command organization for handling vaccine safety incidents in accordance with the provisions of the emergency plan, carry out medical treatment, risk control, investigation and handling, information release, explanation and other work, and do a good job in the aftermath of replanting. The cost of replanting vaccine safety incidents caused by quality problems shall be borne by the holder of vaccine marketing license.

　　The relevant units and individuals shall not conceal, falsely report, delay reporting or omit reporting vaccine safety incidents, and shall not conceal, forge or destroy relevant evidence.

Chapter X Legal Liability

　　Article 79 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and constitutes a crime shall be severely investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　Article 80 If the vaccines produced and sold belong to counterfeit drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income, vaccines produced and sold illegally, raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other articles specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, revoke the pharmaceutical registration certificate until the pharmaceutical production license is revoked, and impose a fine of not less than 15 times but not more than 50 times the value of vaccines produced and sold illegally. If the value of vaccines is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan.

　　If the vaccines produced and sold are inferior drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income and vaccines produced and sold illegally, as well as raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other items specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, and impose a fine of not less than 10 times but not more than 30 times the value of vaccines produced and sold illegally. If the value is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, the drug registration certificate shall be revoked until the drug production license is revoked.

　　If the vaccines produced and sold are fake drugs, or the vaccines produced and sold are inferior drugs and the circumstances are serious, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the income earned by the unit during the illegal act, impose a fine of more than one time and less than ten times the income earned, prohibit the pharmaceutical production and business activities for life, and be detained by the public security organ for more than five days and less than fifteen days.

　　Article 81 Under any of the following circumstances, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall confiscate the illegal income and vaccines illegally produced and sold, as well as raw materials, auxiliary materials, packaging materials, equipment and other articles specially used for illegal vaccine production, order it to stop production and business for rectification, and impose a fine of not less than 15 times but not more than 50 times the value of illegally produced and sold vaccines. If the value is less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 500,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the relevant drug approval documents shall be revoked until the drug production license is revoked. The legal representative, principal responsible person, directly responsible person in charge, key position personnel and other responsible personnel shall be confiscated, and they shall be fined more than 50% but less than 10 times of the income earned. They shall be prohibited from engaging in drug production and business activities for ten years until life, and shall be detained by public security organs for more than five days and less than fifteen days:

　　(1) Providing false data, materials, samples or committing other deceptive acts when applying for clinical trials, registration and batch issuance of vaccines;

　　(two) fabricating production and inspection records or changing the batch number of products;

　　(3) Units or individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions supply vaccines to vaccination units;

　　(four) commissioned the production of vaccines without approval;

　　(five) the production process, production site, key equipment and other changes in accordance with the provisions should be approved without approval;

　　(6) Updating vaccine instructions and labels shall be approved without approval according to regulations.

　　Article 82 Unless otherwise provided for in this Law, if the holder of vaccine marketing license or any other unit violates the relevant quality control standards of drugs, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning; Refuses to correct, a fine of two hundred thousand yuan and five hundred thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 3 million yuan shall be imposed, and the company shall be ordered to suspend production and business for rectification until the relevant drug approval documents and drug production licenses are revoked. The legal representative, principal responsible person, directly responsible person in charge, personnel in key positions and other responsible personnel shall be confiscated from their own units during the illegal act, and a fine of not less than 50% but not more than 5 times shall be imposed, and they shall be prohibited from engaging in drug production and business activities for ten years until life.

　　Article 83 If a holder of a vaccine marketing license violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall order him to make corrections and give him a warning; Refuses to correct, a fine of two hundred thousand yuan and five hundred thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend production and business for rectification, and a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2 million yuan shall be imposed:

　　(1) Failing to establish an electronic traceability system for vaccines as required;

　　(two) the legal representative, the main person in charge, the person in charge of production management, the person in charge of quality management, the quality authorized person and other key positions do not meet the prescribed conditions or fail to carry out training and assessment in accordance with the provisions;

　　(3) Failing to report or put on record as required;

　　(4) Failing to carry out post-marketing research in accordance with the regulations, or failing to set up institutions and staff in accordance with the regulations to actively collect, track and analyze suspected abnormal reactions to vaccination;

　　(5) Failing to take out compulsory vaccine liability insurance as required;

　　(six) the information disclosure system is not established in accordance with the provisions.

　　Article 84 If a batch issuing institution violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning, and the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning according to law until demotion:

　　(1) Failing to conduct examination and inspection in accordance with the provisions;

　　(2) Failing to announce the results of batch issuance of vaccines on the market in time;

　　(3) Failing to verify in accordance with the provisions;

　　(4) Failing to report the major quality risks of the vaccine as required.

　　If, in violation of the provisions of this Law, the batch issuing institution fails to issue a batch issuing certificate or refuses to issue a batch issuing notice in accordance with the provisions, the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council shall order it to make corrections, give it a warning, and demote or dismiss the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law.

　　Article 85 If disease prevention and control institutions, inoculation units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units violate the requirements of cold chain storage and transportation in the management norms for vaccine storage and transportation, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning, destroy the illegally stored and transported vaccines and confiscate their illegal income; Refuses to correct, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders, vaccine distribution units at more than two hundred thousand yuan to one million yuan fine; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be fined for illegally storing and transporting vaccines for more than 10 times and less than 30 times. If the value is less than 100,000 yuan, the vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be ordered to stop production and suspend business for rectification until the relevant approval documents and drug production licenses are revoked, and the legal representatives, principals and direct responsibilities of the vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution units shall be directly responsible.

　　If the disease prevention and control institutions and inoculation units commit illegal acts as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall give a warning to the main person in charge, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law until they are dismissed, and order the responsible medical and health personnel to suspend their practice activities for more than one year and less than 18 months; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the inoculation qualification of the inoculation unit may be revoked, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 86 If disease prevention and control institutions, inoculation entities, vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine distribution entities violate the management norms of vaccine storage and transportation other than those specified in Article 85 of this Law, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning and confiscate their illegal income; Refuses to correct, the vaccination units, vaccine marketing license holders, vaccine distribution units at more than one hundred thousand yuan to three hundred thousand yuan fine; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination unit, vaccine marketing license holder and vaccine distribution unit shall be fined for illegally storing and transporting vaccines with a value of more than three times and less than ten times. If the value is less than 100,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 100,000 yuan.

　　If the disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units commit illegal acts as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the health department of the people’s government at or above the county level may give warning to the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law until dismissal, and order the responsible medical and health personnel to suspend their practice activities for more than six months and less than one year; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 87 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, give it a warning and confiscate its illegal income; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning until dismissal, and the responsible medical and health personnel shall be ordered to suspend their practice activities for more than one year and less than 18 months; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department:

　　(1) Failing to supply, receive or purchase vaccines as required;

　　(two) vaccination did not comply with the vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, vaccine use guidelines, vaccination program;

　　(three) unauthorized mass vaccination.

　　Article 88 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit violates the provisions of this Law in any of the following circumstances, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning; If the circumstances are serious, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning until dismissal, and the responsible medical and health personnel shall be ordered to suspend their practice activities for more than six months and less than one year; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department:

　　(1) Failing to provide traceability information as required;

　　(2) Failing to obtain and keep relevant certification documents and temperature monitoring records in accordance with regulations when receiving or purchasing vaccines;

　　(3) Failing to establish and keep records of vaccine receipt, purchase, storage, distribution, supply, inoculation and disposal in accordance with regulations;

　　(4) Failing to inform or ask the recipient or his guardian about the situation in accordance with the regulations.

　　Article 89 If disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions fail to report suspected abnormal vaccination reactions and vaccine safety incidents in accordance with regulations, or fail to organize investigation and diagnosis of suspected abnormal vaccination reactions in accordance with regulations, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections and give them a warning; If the circumstances are serious, the vaccination units and medical institutions shall be fined between 50,000 yuan and 500,000 yuan, and the principal responsible persons, directly responsible personnel in charge and other directly responsible personnel of the disease prevention and control institutions, vaccination units and medical institutions shall be given a warning according to law until dismissal; If serious consequences are caused, the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be dismissed according to law, and the practice certificate of the responsible medical and health personnel shall be revoked by the original issuing department.

　　Article 90 If a disease prevention and control institution or vaccination unit collects fees in violation of the provisions of this Law, the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall supervise it to return the illegally collected fees to the unit or individual who originally paid the fees, and the market supervision and management department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall punish it according to law.

　　Article 91 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in immunization planning vaccination without being designated by the competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level, or engages in non-immunization planning vaccination that does not meet the requirements or has not been put on record, shall be ordered by the competent health department of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, give a warning, confiscate the illegal income and illegally held vaccines, be ordered to suspend business for rectification, and be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan. The principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

　　In violation of the provisions of this law, units or individuals other than disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units carry out mass vaccination without authorization, and the health authorities of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income and illegally held vaccines, and impose a fine of not less than 10 times but not more than 30 times the value of illegally held vaccines. If the value is less than 50,000 yuan, it shall be calculated as 50,000 yuan.

　　Ninety-second guardians who fail to ensure that school-age children are vaccinated on time according to law shall be criticized and educated by the health authorities of the people’s government at the county level and ordered to make corrections.

　　Nursery institutions and schools that fail to check vaccination certificates in accordance with the regulations when children enter kindergartens and schools, or fail to report to the vaccination unit after discovering children who have not been vaccinated in accordance with the regulations, the education administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections, give them a warning, and punish the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law.

　　Article 93 Whoever fabricates or disseminates false vaccine safety information, or makes trouble in the inoculation unit, which constitutes a violation of public security administration, shall be punished by the public security organ according to law.

　　Newspapers, periodicals, radio, television, Internet sites and other media fabricate and disseminate false information about vaccine safety, and the relevant departments shall punish them according to law, and the principal responsible person, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

　　Article 94 If the local people’s governments at or above the county level have any of the following circumstances in vaccine supervision and management, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be demoted or dismissed according to law; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed according to law; Causing serious consequences, the main person in charge shall resign:

　　(a) ineffective performance of duties, resulting in serious adverse effects or heavy losses;

　　(2) Concealing, misrepresenting, delaying or omitting vaccine safety incidents;

　　(3) Interfering with or obstructing the investigation of vaccine violations or vaccine safety incidents;

　　(four) a particularly serious vaccine safety accident occurred in the administrative area, or a series of major vaccine safety accidents occurred.

　　Article 95 If the drug supervision and administration department, health department and other departments have any of the following circumstances in vaccine supervision and management, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be demoted or dismissed according to law; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed according to law; Causing serious consequences, the main person in charge shall resign:

　　(a) failing to perform the duties of supervision and inspection, or failing to investigate and deal with illegal acts in time;

　　(two) unauthorized mass vaccination;

　　(3) Concealing, misrepresenting, delaying or omitting vaccine safety incidents;

　　(4) Interfering with or obstructing the investigation of vaccine violations or vaccine safety incidents;

　　(5) divulging the information of informants;

　　(six) received a report on the suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination, and failed to organize the investigation and handling in accordance with the provisions;

　　(seven) other acts that fail to perform the duties of vaccine supervision and management, resulting in serious adverse effects or heavy losses.

　　Article 96 If the vaccine quality problem causes damage to the recipients, the holder of the vaccine marketing license shall be liable for compensation according to law.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units that violate vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, guiding principles for the use of vaccines, and vaccination programs, causing damage to the recipients, shall be liable for compensation according to law.

Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 97 The meanings of the following terms in this Law are:

　　Immunization vaccines refer to vaccines that residents should be vaccinated in accordance with government regulations, including vaccines determined by the national immunization program, vaccines added by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government when implementing the national immunization program, and vaccines used for emergency vaccination or mass vaccination organized by the people’s governments at or above the county level or their health authorities.

　　Non-EPI vaccines refer to other vaccines voluntarily vaccinated by residents.

　　The holder of vaccine marketing license refers to an enterprise that has obtained the registration certificate of vaccine drugs and the drug production license according to law.

　　Article 98 The State encourages vaccine production enterprises to produce and export vaccines in accordance with international procurement requirements.

　　The exported vaccine shall meet the standards or contract requirements of the importing country (region).

　　Article 99 Entry-exit vaccination and procurement of required vaccines shall be separately stipulated by the frontier health and quarantine organ in consultation with the financial department of the State Council.

　　Article 100 This Law shall come into force as of December 1, 2019.

Xinhua News Agency, Washington, May 28th Financial observation: increasing tariffs pushes up inflation and weakens US economic growth

Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Chenglin Xu Yuan

A number of investment and research institutions in the United States recently issued a research report warning that the US government’s provocation of economic and trade frictions and tariff increases will significantly push up the inflation level in the United States, weaken the momentum of economic growth, and aggravate the risks facing the global economy.

Lewis Alexander, chief American economist of Nomura Securities, said on the 28th that the tariff cost will be passed on to the price of imported goods in the United States, which in turn will push up the domestic price level in the United States. He said that if the United States imposes a 25% tariff on about $300 billion of goods exported from China to the United States, the inflation level in the United States will rise by 0.5 percentage point in the next 12 months.

A research report released by Gita Gopinath, chief economist of the International Monetary Fund, and two other economists recently said that after the United States imposed tariffs on China, the price increase of imported goods was consistent with the tariff increase, indicating that the tariff cost was basically borne by American enterprises and consumers.

According to a report released by the Federal Reserve Bank of new york, the US government recently raised the tariff on $200 billion of goods exported from China to the United States from 10% to 25%, which will increase the annual burden of an ordinary American family by $831.

Personal consumption expenditures accounts for more than 70% of the American economy. Rising prices will curb consumption and have a negative impact on economic growth. Recently, many well-known banks and consulting institutions lowered their growth forecasts for the US economy. Among them, JPMorgan Chase lowered its growth forecast for the US economy in the second quarter from 2.25% to 1%, Oxford Economic Consulting Group from 1.6% to 1.3%, and Barclays Bank from 2.2% to 2%.

In addition, continuing to impose tariffs will also damage the global economic growth prospects and market confidence. According to the research report of Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, if the United States imposes a 25% tariff on the remaining 300 billion US dollars of goods imported from China, the global economy will go into recession.

The report of the International Monetary Fund also shows that if tariffs are imposed on all trade between China and the United States, the global gross domestic product (GDP) will be reduced by about 0.3% in the short term, and half of the impact will come from the frustration of business and market confidence.

Recently, the voice of the capital market for the Fed to cut interest rates has become increasingly strong, reflecting the impact of economic and trade frictions on market confidence. Athanasios Wamwakides, foreign exchange strategist of Bank of America Merrill Lynch, believes that if the US imposes tariffs again and triggers China’s counter-measures, it will damage the US economic prospects and increase the chances of the Fed cutting interest rates.

Since the beginning of this year, affected by many factors, such as the expected slowdown in economic growth, capital market volatility, and increased uncertainty in economic and trade negotiations, the Federal Reserve has suspended the pace of raising interest rates since the end of 2015, and the federal funds rate has remained at 2.25% to 2.5%, far from the level before the 2008 financial crisis.

This means that even if the Fed chooses to support the US economy by cutting interest rates in the future, the room for cutting interest rates is not as good as before. Lyle brainerd, director of the Federal Reserve, said recently that compared with the past, the space for the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates has narrowed, and the ability to use traditional interest rate instruments to cope with the economic downturn has correspondingly weakened.

　　◆ "Biodiversity makes the earth full of vitality and is also the basis for human survival and development. Protecting biodiversity helps to maintain the earth’s homeland and promote the sustainable development of mankind. " On October 12, 2021, at the leaders’ summit of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader emphasized this.

　　As early as more than 2,000 years ago, China’s sages put forward the idea that "all things coexist without harming each other" and "heaven and earth coexist with me, and all things are one with me", which embodies the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　By constructing a scientific and reasonable nature reserve system, 90% of terrestrial ecosystem types and 71% of national key protected wildlife species in China have been effectively protected, and some rare and endangered species have gradually recovered in the wild.

　　◆ The number of giant pandas increased from 1,114 in the 1970s and 1980s to 1,864; Hainan gibbon, which is extremely endangered, has increased from 7 to 9 at the low valley to more than 30; The crested ibis recovered from 7 at the time of discovery to more than 5,000; Tibetan antelopes have recovered from tens of thousands to more than 300 thousand at present.

　　In recent ten years, about 200 new species of plants have been discovered annually in China, accounting for 1/10 of the annual increase of new species of plants in the world.

　　◆ The concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has been widely accepted by China society, which has promoted China’s leading position in biodiversity protection.

　　◆ Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has promulgated and revised more than 20 biodiversity-related laws and regulations, including the Forest Law, Grassland Law, Fisheries Law, Wildlife Protection Law, Environmental Protection Law, Marine Environmental Protection Law, Seed Law, Wetland Law, Yangtze River Protection Law and Biosafety Law.

　　◆ Integrated management of landscape, forest, field, lake, grass and sand, China has carried out a series of fundamental, pioneering and long-term work, and the construction of ecological civilization has undergone historic, turning and overall changes from understanding to practice.

　　◆ Since 2019, China has become the largest donor to the core budget of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its Protocols.

　　◆ The China Declaration on Biodiversity Protection, China’s responsibility and China’s proposition will definitely inject more confidence and motivation into global ecological environment governance.

　　Wen   | "Outlook" Newsweek reporter   Gao Jing

　　May 22nd, International Biodiversity Day.

　　Biodiversity is related to human well-being and an important foundation for human survival and development. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, China’s sages put forward the idea that "all things coexist without harming each other" and "heaven and earth coexist with me, and all things are one with me", which embodies the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　China has a vast territory, both land and sea, complex landforms and diverse climate, which breeds rich and unique ecosystems, species and genetic diversity. It is one of the countries with the richest biodiversity in the world and one of the first parties to sign and ratify the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.

　　Ecological prosperity leads to civilized prosperity, while ecological decline leads to civilized decline.

　　"Biodiversity makes the earth full of vitality and is also the basis for human survival and development. Protecting biodiversity helps to maintain the earth’s homeland and promote the sustainable development of mankind. " On October 12, 2021, at the leaders summit of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15), the Chairman of the Supreme Leader emphasized this.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, China has adhered to ecological priority and green development, the legal system of ecological environmental protection has been improved day by day, the supervision mechanism has been continuously strengthened, and the basic capacity has been greatly improved. A new pattern of biodiversity governance has basically taken shape, and biodiversity protection has entered a new historical period.

　　Protection and restoration   the chinese answer

　　"Look! Come out again! One head, two heads, at least six heads … …” On the afternoon of April 22nd, Xu Jianli, president of Wuhan Xinzhou District Environmental Volunteers Association, once again saw the picture of finless porpoises playing in the water by the Yangtze River.

　　The Yangtze finless porpoise is a flagship species of biodiversity and an indicator species of ecological health in the Yangtze River. At 0: 00 on January 1, 2021, the 10-year fishing ban in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin was fully launched. Fishermen have landed and finless porpoises are "going home".

　　The finless porpoise in MengMeng, the naive giant panda, and an orchid in a deep valley … … Biodiversity makes this blue planet very lively.

　　According to statistics, more than 3 billion people in the world depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihood, and more than 1.6 billion people depend on forest and non-wood forest products for their livelihood. More than 50% of the pharmaceutical ingredients in the world come from natural animals and plants.

　　However, the global extinction rate is accelerating, and biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation pose great risks to human survival and development. Reports show that about 1 million species of animals and plants are threatened with extinction, and many of them will probably become extinct in the next few decades. The current rate of species extinction is several tens to hundreds times higher than the average of the past 10 million years, and it is accelerating.

　　"We must stand at the height of being responsible for human civilization, respect nature, conform to nature, protect nature, explore the road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, promote the coordination and unity of economic development and ecological protection, and build a prosperous, clean and beautiful world." On September 30, 2020, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader made an important speech at the United Nations Biodiversity Summit by video, pointing out that.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, China has continuously strengthened the protection and restoration of wildlife and habitats by promoting the construction of nature reserves system and cracking down on illegal trade, and achieved remarkable results in biodiversity protection.

　　Constantly optimize the local protection system. China actively promotes the establishment of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, nature reserves as the basis, and various natural parks as supplements, protects important natural ecosystems and biological resources, and plays an active role in maintaining the habitats of important species — —

　　In 2021, one of the great "online celebrity" in the animal kingdom will be the wild Asian elephants in Yunnan. Moving from the north to the south, the elephants traveled more than 1,000 kilometers in a roundabout way, and the actions of the China government and the masses to protect elephants won world recognition. Through years of protection, the wild population of Asian elephants in China has increased from 180 in the 1980s to about 300 at present.

　　On August 12, 2021, Asian elephants entered Mojiang County, Yunnan Province and returned to their traditional habitats. The journey of Yunnan elephants to the north and back reflects the achievements of China in protecting wild animals.

　　Since 2015, China has successively launched 10 national park system pilots, including Sanjiangyuan. In 2021, the first batch of national parks such as Sanjiangyuan, Giant Panda, Northeast Tiger Leopard, Hainan Rainforest and Wuyishan were officially established.

　　Up to now, there are nearly 10,000 nature reserves in China, with an area of more than 170 million hectares, accounting for about 18% of the land area, and the goal of reaching 17% by 2020 proposed by the Convention on Biological Diversity has been completed ahead of schedule. The total area of marine nature reserves is 124,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 4.1% of the sea area under the jurisdiction of China.

　　The red line system of ecological protection is an institutional innovation in China’s land space management and control, which further strengthens the protection of key areas of biodiversity. Since the start of the work in 2014, the area of the national ecological protection red line initially designated by China is not less than 25% of the land area, and areas with extremely important ecological functions such as biodiversity conservation and extremely fragile ecology are included in the ecological protection red line for strict protection.

　　In September 2019, in the "Nature-based Solutions (NBS)" activity of the UN Secretary-General’s Climate Action Summit, the red line case of ecological protection in China was successfully selected as one of the 15 top-quality cases in the world.

　　By constructing a scientific and reasonable nature reserve system, 90% of terrestrial ecosystem types and 71% of national key protected wild animal and plant species in China have been effectively protected, and some rare and endangered species have gradually recovered in the wild. From south to north, from inland to seashore, more and more rare birds and animals are returning, showing the beauty of nature and ecology.

　　At present, the number of giant pandas has increased from 1114 in the 1970s and 1980s to 1864. Hainan gibbon, which is extremely endangered, has increased from 7 to 9 at the low valley to more than 30; The crested ibis recovered from 7 at the time of discovery to more than 5,000; Tibetan antelopes have recovered from tens of thousands to more than 300 thousand at present.

　　On January 28, 2021, Zhu Xi lived on the river stone in the Hanjiang section of Pangwan Village, Huangjinxia Town, Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province. Photo/print by Tao Benyao

　　Continue to increase ex-situ protection. China has established a relatively complete ex-situ conservation system such as botanical gardens, zoos (including marine parks and aquariums), wildlife rescue and breeding bases, germplasm resources banks and gene banks — —

　　On April 18th this year, the National Botanical Garden was officially unveiled in Beijing, which marked a new step in biodiversity conservation in China. The National Botanical Garden will focus on collecting more than 30,000 species of native plants in the three northern regions, representative plants in the northern temperate zone, representative plants in different geographical regions around the world and rare and endangered plants, and collect 5 million representative plant specimens from five continents, and build 20 characteristic special gardens, 7 systematic evolution plant exhibition areas and 1 native plant conservation area.

　　In recent years, China has paid more attention to the protection of germplasm resources, established nearly 200 botanical gardens (arboretums), preserved more than 23,000 species of plants (about 60% of the total number of plants in China), and systematically collected and preserved germplasm resources of endangered plants such as Orchidaceae, Cycas and Magnolia. Some very small populations of wild plants, such as Putuo Carpinus, Huagaimu and Michelia Emei, have initially got rid of the risk of extinction.

　　A species is a gene pool. In the lush dense forest in the northern suburb of Kunming, more than 10,000 species of plant seeds are preserved in the wildlife germplasm resource bank in southwest China, including Davidia involucrata, Taxus himalayana, Maitreya Gesneria … … Seeds of tens of thousands of wild plants, including many rare and endangered plants, live together in this "Noah’s Ark". This germplasm resource bank, together with Kew Millennium Seed Bank in Britain and Svalbard Global Seed Bank in Norway, has become an important facility for global biodiversity protection.

　　At present, there are more than 240 zoos (animal exhibition areas) in China, which raise 775 kinds of animals at home and abroad; 250 wild animal rescue and breeding bases have been established, and more than 60 rare and endangered wild animals have been artificially propagated successfully and a stable artificial population has been established.

　　The national biosafety management capacity has been continuously improved. In recent years, China’s biotechnology has developed healthily, the protection and supervision of biological genetic resources have been continuously strengthened, and the prevention and control mechanism of alien species invasion has been gradually improved — —

　　Black-backed ant, short-breasted Anoplophora javanica, salvia splendens … … These alien species were intercepted by local customs from passengers’ luggage and mail. In the first quarter of this year, the national customs intercepted 173 species of quarantine pests and 13,900 times.

　　While strengthening port prevention and control and strictly preventing the invasion of alien species, China has made great efforts to improve the safety management of genetically modified organisms and strengthen the supervision of biological genetic resources. In recent years, relevant departments have organized and carried out the national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the national survey and collection of agricultural germplasm resources, the survey of livestock and poultry genetic resources, and the survey of forest and grass germplasm resources & HELIP; … Find out the background of biological genetic resources and the distribution, protection and utilization of important biological genetic resources.

　　In recent ten years, about 200 new species of plants have been discovered annually in China, accounting for 1/10 of the annual increase of new species of plants in the world.

　　Systematic treatment   Chinese wisdom

　　May 5, Sanjiangyuan National Park. The first batch of 137 female Tibetan antelopes headed for Zhuonaihu Tibetan Antelope Aggregation, Hoh Xil, where they gave birth, through the animal passage of Qinghai-Tibet Railway and Qinghai-Tibet Highway. The annual large-scale migration of Tibetan antelopes in Hoh Xil began.

　　"The continuous improvement of the living conditions of the Tibetan antelope population is one of the successful cases of human participation in species protection." Lian Xinming, a researcher at Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, China Academy of Sciences.

　　The story of Tibetan antelope, the "plateau elf", is like a microcosm, witnessing the wisdom of China in biodiversity conservation.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s biodiversity protection has been aimed at building a beautiful China, actively adapting to the new situation and new requirements, upgrading biodiversity protection to a national strategy, improving the system of policies and regulations, promoting the organic combination of biodiversity protection and improving people’s livelihood, making overall plans to promote the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and constantly improving the capacity of biodiversity management.

　　Adhere to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and actively promote the mainstream process of biodiversity protection with national strategy — —

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has personally planned and arranged the deployment of major biodiversity protection projects, and made biodiversity an important part of ecological civilization construction, rising to a national strategy.

　　On September 11th, 2015, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a meeting to review and approve the Overall Plan of Ecological Civilization System Reform, which became the top-level design of China’s ecological civilization reform.

　　Cui Shuhong, director of the Department of Natural Ecological Protection of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, felt particularly deeply about the process of mainstreaming biodiversity protection. He introduced that in recent years, China has included biodiversity protection in the important agenda of government departments, and clearly established that "the rate of biodiversity loss has been basically controlled and the stability of the national ecosystem has been significantly enhanced" as one of the main goals of ecological civilization construction, and gradually incorporated into various planning plans at all levels.

　　The Tenth Five-Year Plan and the Outline of the Long-term Goals for 2035 will systematically deploy the implementation of major biodiversity protection projects and the construction of biodiversity protection networks as the key tasks to improve the quality and stability of ecosystems.

　　Accelerate the construction of the system of ecological civilization system and build a system of "four beams and eight pillars" for the protection of thousands of vegetation — —

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has promulgated and revised more than 20 biodiversity-related laws and regulations, including the Forest Law, Grassland Law, Fisheries Law, Wildlife Protection Law, Environmental Protection Law, Marine Environmental Protection Law, Seed Law, Wetland Law, Yangtze River Protection Law and Biosafety Law, covering the fields of wildlife and important ecosystem protection, biosafety, and access and benefit sharing of biogenetic resources.

　　On February 24th, 2020, the 16th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee adopted the Decision on Completely Banning the Illegal Wildlife Trade, Eliminating the Bad Habit of Eating Wild Animals, and Effectively Protecting People’s Life, Health and Safety. A series of policies and regulations, medium and long-term plans and action plans provide a solid institutional guarantee for biodiversity protection and management.

　　Adhere to Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, promote the organic combination of biodiversity protection and improving people’s livelihood — —

　　Hu Bin, a villager from Yucun, Tianhuangping Town, Anji County, Zhejiang Province, is a native. In the early years of the village, the sight of mountains digging, guns rumbling and dust all over the sky was the deepest memory of his childhood.

　　In 2005, the supreme leader, then secretary of Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, visited Yucun and put forward the scientific conclusion of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets".

　　Yucun, who has firmly practiced this important concept, has now taken on a new look. With the closure of the mine to restore the ecology, Yucun now has scenery in all seasons. Five years ago, Hu Bin, who had worked hard outside for many years, opened an inn in his hometown.

　　From "selling stones" to "selling scenery", the two-way transformation from "green mountains and green hills" to "Jinshan Yinshan" has been realized, which reflects the historic change of China’s green development concept.

　　Explore the gross product accounting of ecosystem, expand the horizontal ecological compensation of river basin, and vigorously develop the green ecological industry … … All localities have explored the two-way transformation between "green mountains and green hills" and "Jinshan Yinshan", and ecological protection and economic development have embarked on a win-win road.

　　The Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme, Inge Annosson, said that the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has been widely accepted by China society, which has promoted China’s leading position in biodiversity conservation.

　　Adhere to the concept of system and make overall plans to promote the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand — —

　　Mountains and rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand are inseparable communities of life.

　　In November, 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward that "landscape, forest, fields and lakes are a community of life" in the explanation of "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Comprehensively Deepening Reform". After that, this important exposition was continuously enriched and expanded, and "grass" and "sand" were added in 2017 and 2021 respectively, with a view to adhering to the system concept and proceeding from the integrity of the ecosystem, promoting the integrated protection and restoration of grass and sand in landscape, forest, field and lake, and improving the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem.

　　A series of major ecological projects, such as shelterbelts in the Three North Areas, natural forest protection, and returning farmland to forests and grasslands, have been further promoted; Accelerate the establishment of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body; The system of river length and lake length has been fully established, and rivers and lakes have their own guardians … … Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has taken a series of fundamental, pioneering and long-term work to control the grass and sand in landscape, forest, fields, lakes and lakes, and the construction of ecological civilization has undergone historic, turning and overall changes from recognition to practice.

　　In recent years, based on major biodiversity protection projects, China has carried out comprehensive biodiversity survey and assessment. At present, China’s biodiversity situation has been basically clarified, and the investigation and assessment of coastal wetland ecosystems with biodiversity background of nearly 180 counties and over 3,500 kilometers have been completed. China has initially formed a national biodiversity observation network, established 749 observation sample areas, laid out 11,887 sample lines and points, and built a species distribution database with 2,376 county-level administrative units and observation sample lines exceeding 34,000 kilometers.

　　The secretariat of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity released the fifth edition of Global Biodiversity Outlook in September 2020, in which 13 times showed China’s successful experience in biodiversity conservation. China’s wisdom and China’s plan, which are the unity of heaven and man and the nature of Taoism, have won world recognition.

　　Earth Home   China takes responsibility.

　　Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is full of lush forests and refreshing green.

　　On April 11th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Hainan, went deep into Wuzhishan area, walked along the wooden plank road to inspect the ecological environment of the park, stopped from time to time, and asked about tree growth, water conservation, animal and plant resources protection and so on.

　　"Hainan tropical rain forest does not belong to Hainan alone, it belongs to the people of the whole country, it belongs to the earth and it is a national treasure." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that Hainan should persist in establishing an ecological province, take the construction of ecological civilization as the top priority, strictly protect the tropical rain forest, realize the unity of ecological protection, green development and improvement of people’s livelihood, and show the world the fruitful achievements of China’s national park construction and biodiversity protection.

　　Biodiversity protection is advocated by China Declaration, China and China.

　　Building consensus and building a community of life on earth is the China Declaration — —

　　At present, mankind stands at the crossroads of protecting biodiversity and realizing global sustainable development. The earth is the common home of mankind. Faced with global challenges such as the loss of biodiversity, all countries are a community of destiny in the same boat.

　　On October 12, 2021, at the leaders’ summit of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The international community should strengthen cooperation, think with one heart and make efforts to build a community of life on earth."

　　The "Kunming Declaration" put forward by China and widely agreed by all parties was formally adopted at the high-level meeting. The declaration promises to ensure the formulation, adoption and implementation of an effective "global biodiversity framework after 2020" to reverse the current trend of biodiversity loss and ensure that biodiversity will be on the road to recovery by 2030 at the latest, so as to fully realize the 2050 vision of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　The large-scale painted works in the press center of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity show the beautiful ecological environment and rich biodiversity (photo taken on October 12, 2021).

　　It is China’s responsibility to firmly fulfill the contract and participate in global biodiversity governance — —

　　As an important participant and contributor to the global biodiversity protection, China actively implements the Convention and its protocols, provides solutions for the world, and fully demonstrates the responsibility of big countries.

　　Since 2019, China has become the largest donor to the core budget of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its Protocols. China has become the largest donor of developing countries to the Global Environment Facility.

　　In May 2016, the United Nations Environment Programme released the report "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets: Strategy and Action of Ecological Civilization in China". The construction of ecological civilization in China has become a useful exploration and concrete practice of the concept of sustainable development, providing experience for other countries to deal with similar economic, environmental and social challenges.

　　These China practices have condensed China’s wisdom and further released a strong signal to the world that China will unswervingly follow the road of green development.

　　China advocates extensive cooperation to jointly safeguard the earth’s homeland — —

　　In Sino-Russian cross-border nature reserves, the number of species continues to grow, and wild Siberian tigers begin to migrate freely between Sino-Russian nature reserves.

　　In the Sino-Laos Cross-border Biodiversity Joint Protection Zone, this "promised land" with an area of 200,000 hectares has effectively protected rare and endangered species such as Asian elephants and their habitats.

　　At the 15th Leaders’ Summit of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader solemnly announced that China would take the lead in setting up the Kunming Biodiversity Fund with a capital of 1.5 billion yuan to support biodiversity conservation in developing countries.

　　The China Declaration on Biodiversity Protection, China’s responsibility and China’s proposition will certainly inject more confidence and motivation into global ecological environment governance.

　　According to the previous arrangement, the second phase of COP15 will continue to be held in Kunming this year, and will discuss the "Global Biodiversity Framework after 2020" and jointly draw a blueprint for global biodiversity protection in the next 10 years or even longer.

　　It is expected that this meeting will adopt an ambitious, balanced and pragmatic "framework", which will really help countries to look after each other, walk hand in hand, win-win cooperation and build a community of life on earth.

　　If you do not stop, the future can be expected. Standing at a new starting point, the international community will walk hand in hand, and we will certainly be able to build a beautiful earth home together.

　　Published in the 21st issue of Outlook in 2022.