● Support perception, enhance decision-making, penetrate command, empower lethality.

Analyzing the Information Power of Modern War

■ Yang Cunyin

introduction

Information power is supported by network, data, algorithm, computing power, etc., and the main line is to quickly form a closed loop of network information system. In modern warfare, it constantly promotes the quantitative and qualitative changes in perception, decision-making, accusation and other links, and has become the core driving force for the generation of joint combat system capabilities, continuously pushing the war form to a higher level.

Information power supports perception

At present, the development of information acquisition, processing and other technical means is promoting the change of battlefield perception from automation to autonomy, from monomer to coordination, and from center to distribution, which makes the period of combat system from "feeling" to "knowledge" continuously shortened and the judgment from "state" to "potential" continuously accelerated.

Perception is developing to multi-type sounding. With the expansion of combat space to global multi-dimensions, multiple battlefield information is intertwined and superimposed in modern warfare, and it is difficult to ensure the timeliness, integrity and accuracy of perceived information by a single sensing means. In order to adapt to the future battlefield development trend, it is necessary to construct and develop a multi-antenna and multi-modality battlefield perception system by comprehensively using various means such as network perception, electromagnetic spectrum perception and cognitive perception, so as to cover multi-dimensional battlefield spaces such as physical domain, information domain and cognitive domain, so as to achieve three-dimensional and full-spectrum battlefield situation perception.

Perception evolves to real-time perspective. In the future, the battlefield environment will become more and more complex and changeable, and the OODA cycle will be greatly compressed. It is an inevitable requirement to win the operational initiative to strive for time advantage and action speed and to change the offensive and defensive posture sensitively. The real-time change of battlefield situation urgently needs to develop holographic and visual perception means. Foreign troops believe that only when the future battlefield has near-real-time sensitive intelligence refresh rate and sharing degree can it effectively support the discovery, location, identification and crackdown on "time-sensitive targets".

Perception upgrades to intelligent supercomputing. In modern warfare, the volume of battlefield information increases exponentially. Only by accelerating the upgrading of perception ability to intelligence can the phenomenon of "data annihilation" be effectively prevented. Computing power is the basis of improving perception, and improving computing power can improve battlefield perception computing ability. Algorithm is the core of improving perception, and the improved algorithm can promote the intelligent upgrade of perception means. Examples are the fuel to improve perception. Adding examples is helpful to improve the self-learning, self-adaptation and self-optimization ability of the perception system, so as to realize rapid and efficient identification, analysis and processing of massive data, thus achieving faster time consumption and more accurate perception of the situation than opponents.

Perception is advanced to efficient overall planning. In modern warfare, due to the huge amount and variety of battlefield information and the disorderly construction of perception means, it is easy to make repeated and inefficient use of information. Facing the future battlefield, it is urgent to break down the system barrier, and unify the planning, system layout and overall construction from the all-dimensional overall situation, so as to promote the transformation of the perception system from disorder to order, the perception environment from closed to open, and the perception state from intermittent to continuous, so as to obtain the dynamic information of high-value targets in the battlefield in a wider range with higher accuracy and less delay.

Information power enhances decision-making power

The rapid development and wide application of information technologies such as big data and cloud computing are pushing the decision-making mode and method to undergo profound changes as never before. The traditional decision-making mode based on intuition and experience will gradually change to the decision-making mode based on data, which has become a new trend that will affect the victory in the future battlefield.

Information interaction and integration support the realization of global decision-making. Under the traditional combat mode, all kinds of command organizations at all levels are like "islands" of information processing, and it is difficult to share decision-making information in time, and it is difficult for commanders to reach a deep consensus in a short time. Under the support of the network information system, information interaction, integration and high-speed circulation have become the norm. Commanders and command elements at all levels simultaneously obtain decision-making information and conduct decision-making activities to support the realization of global decision-making. In future battlefield operational decision-making, commanders need to make comprehensive judgments and decisions by using relevant information to imagine operational scenarios, building a planning view based on comprehensive information, integrating data information in various fields such as intelligence, accusation, strike and support, and observing the situation of multi-domain information.

Information reveals the law and supports the realization of ad hoc decision-making War is a field full of "probability", certainty and uncertainty interweave on the battlefield, and all kinds of uncertain events are more common. According to information theory, information can significantly reduce uncertainty. In the future battlefield, by accumulating historical data information, mining and summarizing the regular knowledge from it, and quickly capturing and identifying the key information of precursors and trends, it will help to do a good job in forecasting and analyzing, improve all kinds of unexpected scene ideas and emergency response plans, and effectively improve the ability to cope with uncertain events in the battlefield.

Convenient information flow, support to achieve rapid decision-making. In the future war, all kinds of new fast killing weapons will further push the pace of war to "seconds kill", and "discover and destroy" will become a reality. Accelerating the circulation rate and refresh frequency of operational information, and then supporting rapid decision-making has become an urgent need in the battlefield. Under the blessing of "intelligent cloud Brain+Wisdom System", commanders converge information with network thinking, manage information with matrix method and use information with simple concept, so that information flows quickly and efficiently, and rapid decision-making will become possible, and command and decision-making will no longer be the "stuck" link in the closed loop of the killing chain.

Equal sharing of information supports scientific decision-making. In the future battlefield, with the support of the network information system, command organizations at all levels can obtain decision-making information synchronously, and commanders at all levels have more effective information. On this basis, giving play to military democratic collective decision-making can make up for the cognitive limitations of individual decision-makers and avoid information blind spots. In addition, we can give full play to the complementary advantages of human brain and machine, establish an efficient and intelligent man-machine collaborative command and decision-making system, innovate decision-making methods, and improve the scientific decision-making level.

Information power runs through accusation power.

The formation of accusation is highly dependent on information. Information determines the object, timeliness and scope of command, and the automatic, real-time and accurate flow of information can support the formation of a polymorphic and flexible command and control structure.

Control section based on time information. In the information age, the value of military time is increasing, and timeliness is an important evaluation index of battlefield accusation. In the future war, we will be in a state of standing command, and accurately control the daily combat readiness and duty tasks with a "day" large granularity cycle to ensure the normal and stable operation of combat mission troops and weapon platforms. In the state of crisis command, the crisis events with great influence and wide coverage should be properly handled according to the principle of reducing influence and controlling in time. In wartime command state, the operational command link is constructed with a small granularity cycle of "second" level, which realizes synchronous judgment, evaluation and decision-making, and effectively shortens the command cycle.

Domain control based on entity information. No matter how the war forms evolve, the physical domain will be the basic space for the confrontation of military forces. In the future information-based and intelligent war, the physical domain is not only a wrestling field for the application of tangible energy such as machinery and chemistry, but also an arena for the application of energy by intangible forces such as information and cognition. Taking control of key domains based on physical information is still an important choice to achieve military goals. For example, facing the land battlefield, the key is to control the border. By gathering important information such as the geographical space, electromagnetic environment, troop deployment, social conditions and people’s feelings along the border, we can control the border of the battlefield, the perception of the battlefield environment, and the deployment of important positions, so as to control the border and control the surface.

Network control based on virtual information. Judging from recent local wars and regional conflicts, virtual space plays an increasingly prominent role in expanding information acquisition channels, winning public opinion advantages and supporting combat operations. It is not difficult to predict that cyberspace will become a new highland for both sides of the war. Therefore, we should pay attention to the control of military cyberspace, vigorously strengthen the construction of military cyberspace situational awareness, monitoring and early warning, traceability and counter-measures, and improve the security baseline of military cyberspace. For example, improve the ability of topic setting and narrative construction, so as to firmly grasp the right to speak and the initiative of the Internet social networking platform.

Brain control based on cognitive information. "Use the way of fighting, attack the heart for the top and attack the city for the bottom". By comprehensively using multiple cognitive information and influencing means such as thought, public opinion, psychology, etc., seizing the dominant position in the cognitive domain can influence the enemy’s decision-making and behavior, and achieve maximum operational effectiveness at the least cost. In the future battlefield, it is urgent to strengthen propaganda, interpretation and ideological guidance, break cognitive infiltration in early warning, strengthen our own psychological defense line and shape our favorable cognitive situation. It is necessary to unite people’s hearts with positive information, rely on various information dissemination platforms, strengthen positive information propaganda, screen and filter negative public opinions, and guide people to support and identify, thus stimulating people’s will to fight.

Information power empowers lethality

In the future war, information flow will dominate material flow and energy flow. To win a war, we should give full play to the role of information in promoting coordination, break through the constraints of the domain of operational elements, the qualitative domain of operational forces and the domain of operational actions, and build a kill loop agilely, so as to realize the transformation of operational actions into task-based autonomous coordination, and thus achieve the rapid convergence of heterogeneous operational energy.

Accurate description of information, empowering killing elements. With all kinds of information systems and intelligent platforms being embedded in weapons and equipment, the killing efficiency of combat units is increasing exponentially. In the future war, through the intelligent analysis and processing of massive battlefield information, the target can be accurately selected, the firepower energy can be accurately released, and the cost-effectiveness ratio can be greatly improved. In terms of speed efficiency and quick release of energy, through the rapid flow of information, automatic target identification, intelligent path decision-making and accurate effect evaluation are completed, so as to achieve the suddenness of combat operations and realize the discovery of all kinds of time-sensitive targets.

Heterogeneous hinge of information, empowering killing chain. Thanks to the permeability and connectivity of network information technology, all kinds of battlefield information can be coupled, which drives the construction and operation mode of kill chain to be iteratively upgraded, thus providing the possibility for implementing precise operations. Accurately empowering the point-to-point unidirectional killing chain, based on the pre-constructed "sense-strike" information link, can realize the unidirectional precise killing of small-scale and single-platform systems. One-to-many radiation kill chain, with high-end and high-value combat platform as the core, gathers the combat forces, combat units and combat elements related to the battlefield space, forms a central radiation kill chain structure, and realizes multi-platform and multi-system parallel killing in the same direction.

Information is interconnected and overlapping, empowering the killing network. With the increasing mobility of information in the combat system, the "connectability" of kill chain elements has also been greatly improved, and the original single-type kill chain information flow is developing towards a complex and multi-dimensional structure. The star-shaped killing net built around the core weapon platform and combat unit can be dynamically changed based on the real-time adjustment of combat tasks. Relying on all kinds of intelligent "transformed" combat resources deployed in a wide area and flexibly interconnected, a self-organizing, adaptive and self-recovery killing net can be dynamically built as needed, which can meet the needs of decentralized distributed operations and better adapt to the future battlefield.

Information is ubiquitous in a wide area, empowering the killer. In the future war, with the support of swarm intelligence, the combat system will break the previous preset static killing chain construction mode and construct dynamic relationships such as coupling, interaction, parallelism and synchronization. The killing chain structure will expand from chain and network to more complex higher-order topological architecture, which will also bring profound changes to the combat system. From attacking the platform to attacking the elements, we will promote the transformation of the operational focus from attacking the operational platform and eliminating the effective forces to attacking key elements and paralyzing the hub nodes. From attacking elements to attacking systems, in view of the fact that it is difficult to achieve operational results by destroying a single element, we strive to select the targets and means of attack from the perspective of functional damage to the enemy system in order to suppress the enemy system. From hitting the system to hitting the system, select the right system to break the paralyzed hinge joints, and comprehensively use various means such as breaking the net, breaking the chain and hitting the point to interfere, delay, destroy, weaken or even paralyze the effective operation of the opposing combat system, thus causing the enemy combat system to collapse.

Green is the brightest background for high-quality development, and beautiful ecological environment is people’s expectation for a better life. The government work report clearly pointed out that the green transformation of development mode should be promoted. The broad masses of cadres and people in Gansu Province said that they would thoroughly practice the supreme leader’s thought of ecological civilization, always regard the construction of ecological civilization as a major political task and the bottom line task to promote its implementation, promote the mutual promotion of ecological protection and economic development, and add new green and vitality to the Gansu picture scroll with beautiful mountains and rivers and excellent ecology.

Seize policy opportunities to make the sky bluer, the mountains greener and the water cleaner.

The "happiness index" of people’s life is closely related to the "ecological face value" of green water and green mountains.

On the morning of March 5, the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress held the first "ministerial channel". Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment, said that ten years’ practice shows that the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature embodies the essential difference between Chinese modernization and western modernization.

People who live in Lanzhou all the year round have a particularly real feeling for sky blue, water green and mountain green.

"The ecological environment in Lanzhou is getting better and better!" Zhou Fawei, a 70-year-old "old Lanzhou", said with deep feelings, "The air in Lanzhou is getting better and better, and the water in the Yellow River is also clean. I can see blue sky and white clouds when I look up, and I feel particularly comfortable walking and boxing along the Yellow River every day."

Ge Jiantuan, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, said that Gansu Province has always regarded the construction of ecological civilization as a major political task and the bottom line task to promote its implementation. The ecological function of the Yellow River Basin has undergone positive changes, the water conservation function of the Yangtze River Basin has been significantly enhanced, and the ecological protection of Qilian Mountain has achieved great results from chaos to governance. The ecological environmental protection has undergone historic, turning and overall changes, with bluer sky, greener mountains and clearer water, and a stronger ecological security barrier in the western part of the country.

Over the years, Gansu Province has focused on precise pollution control, scientific pollution control and pollution control according to law, formulated implementation opinions on deepening the fight against pollution, and promoted the transformation of environmental pollution prevention from "resolutely doing a good job" to "deeply doing a good job". In the assessment of the central pollution prevention and control campaign, Gansu Province was awarded "excellent" for two consecutive years.

Zhang Ping, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, vice president of Gansu New Social Class People’s Association and director of Lixin Certified Public Accountants Gansu Branch, said that Gansu should seize the policy opportunity, make full use of the geographical advantages of Lanzhou, Lanzhou New District and Baiyin in the zigzag region of the Yellow River, and build a "Hetao Plain in the middle of Gansu", which can not only achieve wind and sand fixation, do a good job in ecological protection, but also lay a good foundation for undertaking industrial transfer in the east.

Promote energy conservation and carbon reduction, and make the road of green development wider and wider.

In recent years, under the guidance of the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", Gansu has been exploring new paths in promoting high-quality economic and social development, and the road to green development has become wider and wider. Focusing on the implementation of major tasks such as ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, ecological environmental protection of Qilian Mountain and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and ecological construction of Lanxi urban agglomeration, we will increase the planning and reserve of eco-environment-oriented development (EOD) model projects, promote participation in carbon emission market transactions, emission trading, etc., and form a development path of "industrial ecologicalization and ecological industrialization" in line with the actual situation of the province.

Qingyang is rich in oil, gas and scenery resources. Oil and gas production has accounted for 1/20 of the national output, and the development of coal and scenery resources is accelerating. "Qingyang will adhere to the green and low-carbon development path, focus on building a 100-million-ton coal production base and a 10-million-kilowatt green and intelligent comprehensive energy base, and make Qingyang contributions to national energy security." Huang Zeyuan, deputy to the National People’s Congress and secretary of Qingyang Municipal Party Committee, said.

At the same time, Gansu strengthened planning policy guidance and continued to promote green, low-carbon and high-quality development. We will further promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, strengthen zoning control of ecological environment, actively promote the development of green environmental protection industries, and continuously optimize the business environment.

"Gansu Province has fully completed the assignment and settlement of carbon emission quotas in the first performance cycle of the first batch of 19 power generation enterprises included in the national emission trading market, with a total quota of 15,800 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent paid, and the total transaction volume of participating in the national carbon market reached 4.55 million tons, with a cumulative transaction volume of about 198 million yuan. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the cumulative decline rate of carbon emission intensity in the province reached 35.44%, exceeding the national target task. " Chang Qinchun, director of the Climate Change Division of the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, said.

Last year, with the continuous improvement of ecological environment quality as the core, Gansu continued to promote ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, firmly held the bottom line of ecological environment safety, and jointly promoted high-level ecological environment protection and high-quality economic and social development. Positive progress was made in all aspects of ecological environment protection.

Fulfill the upstream responsibility and make the ecological security barrier in the west stronger.

The government work report pointed out that promoting the green transformation of development mode. Further promote the prevention and control of environmental pollution. We will strengthen the construction of urban and rural environmental infrastructure and continue to implement major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems. Promote clean and efficient utilization of coal and technology research and development, and accelerate the construction of a new energy system. We will improve policies to support green development, develop circular economy, promote resource conservation and intensive utilization, promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in key areas, and continue to fight the battle for blue sky, clear water and pure land.

Yang Zhenlin, deputy to the National People’s Congress, member of the Standing Committee of Gannan Prefecture Committee and secretary of Xiahe County Committee, said that he would resolutely build an ecological security barrier, strive to build Gannan into a practical highland to implement the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, take a green development road, and promote the upgrading of agriculture and animal husbandry.

In recent years, Gansu has made great efforts to shoulder the upstream responsibilities and obligations, and further promoted the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Take the lead in launching local legislation on ecological protection and investigating the pollution situation in the Yellow River basin, complete the investigation of sewage outlets in important branches and tributaries of the Yellow River basin, and establish a basic database of ecological environment. Signed cooperation agreements with Shaanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia for joint prevention, control and treatment of rivers. Promote the ecological construction of Lanxi urban agglomeration. The excellent proportion of water quality in 41 national examination sections along the Yellow River Basin reached 92.68%, and the water quality in the exit section of the main stream reached Grade II for seven consecutive years. "The Yellow River is also beautiful" has become a beautiful business card.

The majestic Qilian Mountains, stretching for thousands of miles, gave birth to glaciers, rivers, grasslands and wetlands, and raised one side of the people. In recent years, Gansu has firmly grasped the great political responsibility of ecological protection in Qilian Mountain, and rectified and restored the ecology of Qilian Mountain with the determination of a strong man to break his wrist. After several years’ efforts, the human activities in Qilian Mountain have obviously decreased, the number of wild animals and plants has obviously increased, the water conservation capacity has been continuously improved, and the original features have been gradually restored.

"Zhangye City has built a good ecological security barrier in the western part of the country, so that green waters and green mountains are always there, and the beautiful Qilian Mountain shows a new picture of harmonious coexistence between man and nature." Guo Jianping, director of Zhangye Ecological Environment Bureau, said.

At the same time, Gansu continued to promote the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, fields, lakes, grass and sand, actively explored the path of transforming green mountains and green hills into Jinshan Yinshan, and accelerated the pace of construction of nature reserves with national parks as the main body. Strictly abide by the red line of cultivated land, consolidate the foundation of food security, strengthen the guarantee of factors, support the construction of major projects in the province, promote exploration and development, and cultivate the kinetic energy of economic growth, which provides a solid natural resource guarantee for building an ecological security barrier and green and high-quality development in the west.

Environment is people’s livelihood, green hills are beautiful, and blue sky is also happiness. Gansu will firmly establish the concept of Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, coordinate industrial structure adjustment, pollution control, ecological protection, respond to climate change, and jointly promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening and growth, promote high-quality economic and social development with high-level protection of ecological environment, promote comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, guard the ecological security barrier in the western part of the country, and strive to promote the construction of beautiful Gansu where man and nature coexist harmoniously.

"I didn’t expect to make money by throwing garbage, which is both environmentally friendly and affordable." On August 4th, in Vanke Emerald Riverside Community, Hanyang District, Wuhan, Mr. Li, a resident, threw a bag of plastic bottles into the garbage intelligent recycling machine.

Cartons, beverage bottles, cans, used books and newspapers at home were mostly thrown into the trash can in the past, but now they have a better "home": an intelligent garbage collector that loves sorting and recycling.

Intelligent weighing and settlement, 24-hour voting.

The recycling machine with simple shape is full of internal science and technology. Fully intelligent in delivery, weighing and settlement, and can receive recyclable garbage such as paper, metal, plastic and fabric.

"I heard that there is this recycling machine downstairs, so I came to try it." Ms. Tang held several books and led the children to put them in. I saw that after the mobile phone scanned the code, the door of the recycling machine automatically opened. After Ms. Tang put the book in, the recycling machine automatically weighed it, which showed that "the amount available for this delivery of 4.68 kilograms was 4.68 yuan".

Jiang Pan Cheng, the person in charge of the operation of "Love Classification and Love Recycling", said: "The recyclable materials put by residents can be paid into personal accounts according to 1 yuan /kg points, and cash can be withdrawn when they are in 10 yuan."

What if residents throw in dry and wet garbage by mistake? According to the staff, in order to standardize residents’ delivery behavior, there are high-definition cameras inside and outside the machine to take photos and videos of delivery behaviors and items, and conduct AI analysis on photos. If illegal delivery is found, the customer service will remind and guide the user and deduct points from the illegal user.

"The recycling machine can scan the code on WeChat or enter the mobile phone number, which is convenient for the elderly who can’t use smart phones and can be put in 24 hours." Jiang Pan Cheng said.

Ms. Tang said, "It’s very convenient to take the garbage when you go downstairs, without having to make an appointment for the recycler to come to the door, and without worrying about’ short weight’."

Turning waste into treasure, saving energy and reducing emissions

"This method will help to enhance the enthusiasm of residents for garbage sorting, improve the littering and stacking in corridors, and make the community environment cleaner and more beautiful." The staff of the residential property said that in order to facilitate the delivery of more residents, they took an explanation video with their mobile phones and sent it to the owners’ group, and everyone praised it.

After the recycling machine is delivered to full capacity, the background system will receive the information of Man Cang, and according to the real-time operation status, vehicle positioning, traffic conditions and other information, send a bill to the appropriate cleaning staff, and automatically plan a quick cleaning route for the cleaning staff. Each recyclable package is also attached with a QR code to support source traceability.

Where are the recyclables delivered by residents?

According to Jiang Pancheng, recyclables will be finely sorted according to different categories at the end, and then enter the corresponding renewable resource processing and utilization enterprises. After recycling, they will be turned into umbrellas, T-shirts, handbags and other items.

In January this year, the National Development and Reform Commission’s Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Recycling System of Waste Materials proposed: improve the informationization level of waste materials recycling industry. Carry out the "internet plus Recycling" model to support the development of the network recycling platform for waste materials.

"By separating recyclables from domestic garbage, more than one-third of garbage can be reduced, so that renewable resources can be used to the best and carbon emissions can be reduced." Jiang Pan Cheng said.

At present, the first batch of pilot projects in Hanyang District put 12 sets of intelligent recycling machines, covering 6 streets. It is estimated that more than 500 sets will be put into operation in Wuhan this year.

(Hubei Daily full media reporter Jassamyn Liu correspondent Yang Hui)