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　　[Striving forward in the direction guided by the General Secretary, the integration of culture and technology in the past five years]

　　In the face of increasingly fierce international competition, we must put innovation at the core of the overall development of the country and constantly promote innovation in theory, system, science and technology and culture.

　　— — Excerpt from the speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary at the symposium of intellectuals, model workers and youth representatives on April 26th, 2016.

　　Recently, the planning scheme of "China Sound Valley" was unveiled in Hefei, Anhui Province, focusing on the intelligent voice industry and building strategic emerging industries, which not only releases the imagination of cultural creativity, but also stimulates the support of scientific and technological innovation. It is estimated that by 2020, the operating income of "China Sound Valley" enterprises will reach 100 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 40%.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s culture and scientific and technological development have been deeply integrated, and cultural creativity and scientific and technological innovation have produced a "chemical reaction", which not only brought new changes in the cultural field, but also injected new kinetic energy into the social economy. It not only brings the collision and agitation of ideas, but also provides a new scheme and path for reform and development.

　　Realize the transformation and upgrading of cultural construction.

　　The "singing microphone" with black head and red body makes KTV palm-shaped and free-spirited. Its design implies that "every singer can become the king in his heart with the protection of the microphone"; The kernel technology adopts intelligent audio processing chip and dual noise reduction function, which greatly improves the quality of music, integrates into people’s daily life more professionally, conveniently and fashionably, and helps upgrade the traditional music industry and KTV industry.

　　There is more than a small "singing microphone" that combines the "face" of cultural creativity and the "lining" of technological innovation. In the past five years, cultural industries such as art inspection, museum exhibition, dance design, film equipment, printing and publishing have also inserted the wings of science and technology, and "transformed" through scientific and technological innovation to achieve industrial upgrading.

　　The traditional publishing industry has given full play to the guiding role of financial funds, implemented a number of transformation and upgrading projects, accelerated the construction of platforms such as technical support services, content resource management, data sharing and knowledge services, and achieved phased results in the digital transformation and upgrading of the publishing industry.

　　In the field of public cultural services, the cultural sharing project combines traditional library services with public electronic reading room services, and the network covers urban and rural areas, and also directly reaches remote villages and towns, improving the imbalance of public cultural services at the grassroots level in China.

　　From the innovation of service form to the innovation of content construction, from the innovation of communication means to the innovation of management mechanism, science and technology promote cultural innovation, further liberate and develop cultural productivity, and better meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of grassroots people.

　　Enlarge the fission effect of Internet cultural industry.

　　On September 17th, Tencent Pictures released 43 films in one breath, covering pan-entertainment projects with full copyright linkage such as movies, TV dramas and online dramas, and well-known IP lists such as Shanghai Fortress, Tibetan Code and Journey to the West are famous. Tencent’s "big hand" comes from the new concept of "not doing film and television in isolation, but being an open content platform"; The "confidence" of Tencent Pictures comes from the strategic layout of "not being a traditional film and television company, but based on the pan-entertainment cultural ecology".

　　Tencent Pictures is striding towards "Disney" in China, catching up with the new opportunities and good times when the Internet platform gave birth to the "Big Mac" of cultural enterprises, and further improving the market competitiveness of cultural enterprises. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, emerging cultural formats such as online literature, online music, online movies, online performances and online animation have developed rapidly, gathering new momentum for the development of cultural industries.

　　2016 is called "the first year of live broadcast". As soon as the new live broadcast was unveiled, the industrial boundary continued to expand, from entertainment to all aspects of production and life. In just one year, the output value of the live broadcast industry has exceeded 50 billion yuan, exceeding the box office of movies and amplifying the fission effect of the Internet cultural industry.

　　At the first China "Internet Literature Plus" conference held in Beijing, a set of data showed people a "new version" of China’s online literature industry. In 2016, the number of online literature users in China exceeded 300 million, and 40 major online literature websites launched 14.548 million works, with a market scale of 9 billion yuan. With the cultivation of paid reading users, the deep development and multiple utilization of original works IP, online literature will be in a golden period of development in the next decade, which will create greater spiritual and material value.

　　Taking online literature as the origin, it extends to TV series, games, animation and other industrial chains, detonating the value of creativity and stories. In 2016, the business income of the cultural information transmission service industry with "internet plus" as the main form increased by more than 30% year-on-year. Internet technology has enriched the channels of cultural consumption, changed the mode of production of cultural industries, expanded the cultural market, and spread the "China Story" and "China Spirit" quickly and powerfully.

　　Meet the new wave of integration and development

　　Traditional brocade technology can only show more than 20 colors, while brocade using digital technology can show nearly a thousand colors. The national cultural innovation project "Silk Brocade Cultural Creativity and Technological Innovation and Demonstration Promotion", in addition to technological innovation, also tries to build a research and development platform for modern brocade cultural creative products, integrate modern painting artistic content and visual design, and enrich product themes and cultural connotations. This technology, which is full of cultural elements and scientific and technological contents, has developed more than 200 series products in five categories: tourist souvenirs, brocade thangka, art derivatives, dress cheongsam and home decoration products in more than two years, initially forming a digital production line with an annual output of 100,000 pieces of brocade crafts, which has enabled traditional crafts to realize cultural creativity and technological innovation in the new era.

　　Science and technology are hard power and culture is soft power; Scientific and technological innovation optimizes the use function of products, and cultural creativity enhances the added value of products; Scientific and technological innovation meets the needs of utensils, while cultural creativity goes straight to the heart, touches emotions and meets spiritual and cultural needs; Scientific and technological innovation should be good, and cultural creativity should be beautiful.

　　Cultural creativity and technological innovation are like two sides of the same coin, which complement each other; Cultural creativity and scientific and technological innovation are the two major driving forces of cross-industry and cross-domain product innovation, just like one body and two wings, taking off across borders. Virtual technologies such as 3D, VR, AR, MR, artificial intelligence, big data and other new terms will change the future production and life and form an imaginative economy. With the deep integration and development of culture and technology, we can build new products and services as long as we want and can do it, and promote industrial exchanges and upgrading.

　　The power of cultural and technological integration should not be underestimated. In the 13th Five-Year National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan issued by the State Council in December 2016, the "digital creative industry" was listed as one of the five new pillar industries with an output value of 10 trillion yuan for the first time. Under the guidance of the basic strategic idea of "cultural and technological integration", we will build a public service system of the whole industrial chain based on digital technology, and help the transformation of China’s economic development mode through the integration with the real economy.

　　Count these five years.

　　In recent years, the cultural information transmission service industry with "internet plus" as the main form has developed rapidly, and the added value will be realized in 2015.2858Billion yuan, an increase over 2013.1055100 million yuan, with an average annual growth rate of25.9%. In 2016, the cultural service industry grew rapidly, and the operating income of the cultural information transmission service industry with "internet plus" as the main form.5752Billion yuan, growth30.3%.

　　(Reporter Zhang Yuling)

　　In 2018, the per capita property of Chinese families was 208,883 yuan, an increase of 7.49% compared with 194,332 yuan in 2017, and the growth rate was higher than the per capita GDP growth rate (6.1%).

　　The net worth of urban households accounts for 71.35% of the family’s per capita wealth, while that of rural households accounts for 52.28%. 93.03% of households own a house.

　　The financial assets allocation structure of Chinese households is single, and they are still concentrated in cash, demand deposits and time deposits, accounting for nearly 90%. Preventive needs such as medical care, old-age care and children’s education are important factors in family savings. More than 60% of the respondents are risk-averse.

　　Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, China’s urban and rural per capita disposable income has grown substantially, and at the same time, the capital market has developed rapidly, and asset allocation has become an important part of family investment decisions. As one of the important manifestations of unbalanced development, the gap between income and property has become the focus of social attention. "China Family Wealth Survey" involves four sections: household members’ information, household income, expenditure and property, family economic status and life attitude. It focuses on the in-depth investigation of household wealth from the perspectives of urban-rural differences, asset allocation, investor characteristics and investment channels.

　　Asset allocation and wealth gap are closely related to China’s economic and social development. The high proportion of real estate, single financial asset structure and high precautionary savings all run counter to the expansion of domestic demand, resulting in weak domestic demand growth. A single asset structure is more difficult to resist asset risks, which is not conducive to the stable growth of residents’ property. The larger wealth gap also has a negative impact on labor supply and production investment. In view of this, it is necessary to introduce practical policies to effectively change the current situation of unreasonable asset allocation and widening wealth gap, change residents’ investment expectations and narrow the wealth gap.

　　There is a big gap between urban and rural family property.

　　According to the survey report, the per capita property of Chinese households was 208,883 yuan in 2018, an increase of 7.49% compared with 194,332 yuan in 2017, and the growth rate was higher than the per capita GDP growth rate (6.1%). There is a big gap between urban and rural family property. In 2018, the per capita property of urban and rural families was 292,920 yuan and 87,744 yuan respectively, and the per capita property of urban families was 3.34 times that of rural areas, and the per capita property of urban families grew faster than that of rural areas.

　　There are some differences in property composition between urban and rural residents. Judging from the property structure of Chinese households, real estate accounts for 70%, the net value of urban households accounts for 71.35% of the family’s per capita wealth, and the net value of rural households accounts for 52.28%. The source of per capita wealth growth shows that the increase of net property value is an important factor for the increase of per capita wealth of families in China, and the increase of net property value accounts for 91% of the increase of per capita wealth of families. Therefore, urban households with higher net worth of real estate will gain more wealth accumulation from the substantial increase of net worth of real estate.

　　There are also obvious differences in the housing composition between urban and rural residents. Rural households mainly build their own houses, accounting for 53.18%, only 21.81% buy new commercial houses and 6.73% buy second-hand houses. Urban households mainly buy new commercial housing, accounting for 36.26%, while self-built housing accounts for only 24.43%, self-built housing accounts for half of rural households, and the proportion of buying second-hand housing is 10.97%. Under the background that the transaction of rural residents’ homestead has not been fully liberalized in China, compared with self-built housing, new commercial housing and second-hand housing have higher value. At the same time, the growth of China’s net real estate value is mainly reflected in new commercial housing and second-hand housing. Therefore, the difference between urban and rural residents’ net real estate value reflects the difference in housing composition between urban and rural residents to a certain extent.

　　The financial investment structure continues to be single.

　　With the development of capital market, the investment channels of urban and rural residents are greatly enriched, but from the actual investment share, the financial asset structure of Chinese residents is still single, especially for rural residents, which is consistent with the very low proportion of property income in China’s macro distribution pattern. The capital market needs to be further improved to promote the diversity of financial assets of urban and rural residents, and then improve the property income of urban and rural residents.

　　According to the survey report, the distribution of financial assets of households is still concentrated in cash, demand deposits and time deposits, accounting for 88%, close to 90%. Among the 35 OECD countries for which data are available, only 8 countries have deposits and cash accounting for more than 50% of household financial assets, and only 3 countries have this proportion exceeding 60%; Among the Nordic countries with wide coverage of social welfare and social security, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway account for 19.34%, 19.95%, 31.14% and 38.75% of household financial assets respectively, all of which are at a low level. A single financial asset structure is not conducive to the balance of asset risks of households, and it is difficult to maintain and increase the value.

　　Judging from the self-evaluation of risk attitude and risk tolerance, residents with risk aversion attitude account for the majority. It is not difficult to understand that the financial assets structure of residents’ families is characterized by simplification when they are mainly risk-averse and have strong risk aversion motives.

　　In this round of family wealth survey, respondents rated themselves on their risk tolerance, with 0 indicating the minimum risk tolerance and 10 indicating the maximum risk tolerance. The statistical results show that 32.81% of the respondents have a self-rated risk attitude of 0, which is the highest proportion among all the scores, indicating that the group with almost no risk tolerance accounts for the largest proportion; Only 6.78% of the respondents rated their risk attitude as 6 or above; The proportion of risk averse people with a self-rated risk of 3 or less is as high as 70.33%.

　　Measuring the family’s risk tolerance according to the degree that the family can bear the loss of investment principal also shows that most families are risk-averse. 5.57% of households can bear the loss of more than 50% of the investment principal, 8.66% can bear the loss of 20% to 50% of the principal, 21.01% can bear the loss of less than 10% of the principal, and as many as 64.76% can’t bear the loss of the principal, which shows that more than 60% of households are extremely risk-averse. At the same time, most urban residents with high per capita wealth are also risk-averse, and the proportion of urban families who cannot bear the loss of principal exceeds 50%, reaching 55.2%; The proportion of rural families is as high as 83.88%.

　　Higher preventive demand has pushed up the savings ratio and reduced the investment share of other financial assets. According to the survey results, the main reasons for household savings in China are: "coping with emergencies and medical expenses" accounting for 48.19%, "preparing for old-age care" accounting for 36.78%, "preparing for children’s education" accounting for 23.97%, "other reasons" accounting for 20.57%, and "unwilling to take investment risks" accounting for 13.82%. The main reasons for urban and rural household savings are basically the same. Preventive saving for medical care, old-age care and children’s education has become the main motivation of saving, which shows to some extent that China’s social security system needs to be improved to reduce residents’ demand for preventive saving. Higher preventive savings lead to the simplification of financial assets structure, and it is also not conducive to expanding domestic consumption demand.

　　Real estate forms "crowding out" effect.

　　Generally speaking, family investment has a certain order, and after one investment reaches a certain level or condition, the next investment will be carried out. The ownership rate and appreciation range of real estate in China make real estate investment the first choice for family investment funds, thus reducing the share available for financial asset investment.

　　China’s households have a high housing ownership rate. From the perspective of residents’ wealth, the family wealth survey focuses on whether the interviewed families own houses, not whether they own houses in their current residence. According to the survey data, 93.03% households own one set of housing, 3.82% households own two or more houses, and only 3.14% households have no housing. The average number of self-owned houses in the country is 1.02, that is, each family owns one house on average.

　　The rapid growth of net property value has boosted the enthusiasm of family real estate investment. From the perspective of family wealth structure, the family property structure has not changed much, and the proportion of net property value remains high; Moreover, the increase of family property is largely caused by the increase of net property value. As can be seen from the report, 91% of the increase in family per capita property comes from the increase in net property value. In addition, compared with the national average household property growth rate of 7.49%, the growth rate of net property is close to 10.3%, and the proportion of net property in total household property is further increased.

　　In recent years, housing prices are in a sustained growth trend. According to the survey data, the net value of real estate is also increasing, which makes households form the expectation that housing prices will continue to rise. Although this expectation is blind, the investment decision of households is still mainly based on past experience. Contrary to the real estate market, the financial market has strong volatility, which affects the asset allocation choice of households and makes them more inclined to invest in real estate.

　　There are group differences in financial investment.

　　The survey results show that families with low financial literacy are more likely to face higher investment risks, so they choose to stay away from financial investment. High-income, highly educated groups usually have higher financial literacy and better understanding of relevant financial knowledge and information. In addition, they have higher income and assets, and they can invest in financial assets on the basis of meeting real estate and preventive needs, so the assets are richer in content, and they can make investment decisions more easily and get benefits from them.

　　With the increase of disposable income, the net value of per capita property owned by families has gradually increased. If residents are divided into 10 equal groups according to per capita disposable income, and then the differences of per capita real estate value in different income groups are investigated, it can be found that the per capita real estate net worth of households with the lowest per capita disposable income is only 41,406.346 yuan; The per capita net worth of households in the highest per capita disposable income group reached 441,735.8 yuan, 10.66 times that of the lowest per capita group. The original value and present value of per capita real estate basically show a trend of increasing with the increase of per capita disposable income, and the debt balance and debt ratio of real estate also increase with the increase of per capita disposable income of families.

　　In recent years, people have formed an expectation of rising house prices in the future, and the assets allocated to real estate by families with different income levels are increasing. Because high-income families have stronger purchasing ability and financing ability of real estate, the debt ratio and leverage ratio of real estate are also higher.

　　With the improvement of income level and educational background, the scale and structure of household financial assets show different characteristics. With the improvement of income level, the per capita cash, demand and time deposits of families have increased, and the growth rate is getting bigger and bigger. The per capita cash, demand and time deposits of the families with the highest per capita disposable income are 4.64 times and 3.86 times that of the families with the lowest per capita disposable income, respectively. It is worth noting that with the increase of income level, the investment share of residents’ demand and time deposits continues to decline, while the proportion of investment in savings insurance, national debt, stocks, funds, futures, loans, other financial assets and the balance of foreign currency financial assets gradually increases; With the improvement of educational level, the proportion of current and time deposits held by families has also shown a continuous downward trend.

　　Internet finance "urban and rural differences"

　　Internet finance is a typical representative of the "internet plus" model, which can reduce transaction costs and thus stimulate users’ financial needs, which has caused a huge impact on traditional finance.

　　The survey report shows that the most important function of Internet finance is consumer payment. No matter in the whole country or in urban and rural areas, consumers who have used the Internet consumption payment function far exceed the people who invest and finance through the Internet; Among them, there are obviously more groups who have used the financial investment function of the Internet than those who have raised funds through the Internet. In consumer payment, the use of Internet financial platform has gradually increased with the growth of family wealth, and the use of Internet financial investment means is far less common than Internet consumer payment means. At present, ordinary people still have some doubts about the safety of Internet financial investment, and the function of Internet financial investment needs to be further explored.

　　Relatively speaking, people are less familiar with the Internet financing platform. With the further development of Internet technology, through the application of new technologies such as big data, cloud computing and blockchain, the Internet financing platform has alleviated the problem of information asymmetry to a certain extent. Coupled with fast loan repayment procedures and flexible and convenient loan repayment period, the Internet financing function has developed rapidly in recent years. However, at present, Internet financing lacks iconic products in the fields of consumer payment and financial investment, such as Alipay, WeChat payment and Yu ‘ebao, and the popularity of various products is not high enough, and the utilization rate is relatively low.

　　In addition, the usage rate of Internet financial instruments is higher in developed regions. In cities and towns, more than 70% of respondents use the internet to pay; In rural areas, the proportion is less than 30%. The data shows that the proportion of residents using Internet payment methods in the eastern region is close to all urban residents, and the proportion of groups using three or more Internet payment methods is significantly higher than others, and the proportion of groups using two Internet payment methods is also higher than that using only one Internet payment method. The proportion of Internet payment in the central and western regions is far from that in the eastern region, and urban residents with relatively high financial literacy have gained more convenience from Internet finance.

　　(Source: Economic Daily, Family Wealth Research Group of China Economic Trend Research Institute)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 22nd Title: Let reading reach a wider audience — — Observation on Creating and Improving Urban Public Reading Space in Many Places

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　On the occasion of the 28th World Reading Day, various activities are carried out all over the country to encourage citizens to actively participate in reading for all. In the first-line interview, the reporter found that in the face of the diverse needs of the people, many places have built "small and beautiful" and multi-style new public cultural facilities according to local conditions, promoted the construction of public reading spaces such as urban study rooms and community libraries, and continuously improved the level of public cultural services.

　　Build a convenient service network, and the "cultural life circle of the people in a quarter of an hour" is becoming more and more perfect.

　　In Keyuan Experimental School in Tangkeng Community, Biling Street, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, a building with a white outer wall is particularly eye-catching. This is the Tangkeng Community Branch of Pingshan District Library, and it is also the largest community library in Shenzhen at present. Since its opening recently, it has attracted nearby residents to punch in.

　　"Our family likes reading. The newly opened community library is near our home, and it takes ten minutes to walk. It will be more convenient to study in the future." Shenzhen citizen Ms. Xie said.

　　The picture shows the reading area of Pingshan District Library in Shenzhen. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yin Peng photo

　　Through the construction of urban study and grass-roots public cultural center covering the whole region, Pingshan District of Shenzhen City has opened the library to the "doorstep" of the masses.

　　Lu Qimei, executive deputy director of Shenzhen Pingshan District Library, said: "We have built and improved reading facilities with campuses, enterprises and parks, and built a compact vertical public main library, an integrated city study with libraries and shops, and jointly built and shared library-school cooperation ‘ Trinity ’ The construction model realizes the global connection of reading resources, the global collaboration of service promotion and the overall improvement of reading quality. "

　　At present, the construction of the main and branch libraries in Pingshan District has achieved 100% vertical integrated management, and the street libraries have 100% coverage.

　　The reporter learned in the interview that many places have built convenient service networks and constantly improved the "cultural life circle of the people in a quarter of an hour".

　　Some urban areas in Shenzhen rely on the system of main and branch libraries to promote the co-construction and sharing of public libraries and primary and secondary schools; Some places in Zhejiang take the construction of neighborhood libraries as an opportunity to activate the microcirculation of public reading services in combination with regional cultural characteristics; Beijing has built many new public cultural facilities &hellip by transforming old factories, using vacated spaces, transportation hubs, commercial buildings, parks and green spaces, etc. …

　　Li Chang, a researcher at the Tsinghua University Institute of Cultural and Creative Development, said that vigorously promoting the construction of various public reading spaces in cities, districts and townships will help to form a strong atmosphere in which the whole people love reading, read well and be good at reading, better meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the masses and promote the high-quality development of public cultural services.

　　Create a characteristic reading space, and public cultural services will be richer and more diverse.

　　In Grain Rain season, Qinghe Park in Yueqing City, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province is full of vegetation and vitality. Located on an island in the middle of the park, Qinghe Bookstore has become a new landmark of local cultural activities and a popular punching place for citizens.

　　The picture shows Yueqing citizens attending a new book sharing meeting in Qinghe Bookstore. (photo by Xu Weimin)

　　Ms. Zhu, who lives nearby, takes her children and enjoys reading time in the reading room filled with coffee aroma. "The study environment in the park is so beautiful that such a public reading space is very popular." Ms. Zhu lamented.

　　Qinghe Bookstore takes the park landscape axis as the center in the spatial layout, fully excavates the characteristics of the building itself, and creates a wonderful place for viewing mountains, water and reading at the same time.

　　In the West Second Ring Road of Beijing, the encyclopedia study room is a "paradise" for many readers to feel the scholarly lifestyle. Walking into the study, there are gray tiles and white walls, slate running water, and thread-bound books … … A thick, quaint atmosphere came to my face.

　　Wei Kongyuan, the manager of the encyclopedia study room, is sorting out books. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Shujun photo

　　Readers are reading books in the encyclopedia study room. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Shujun photo

　　"This quiet reading space is very distinctive. I often bring my children to participate in cultural activities." Mr. Fu, who works near the study, said that the 6-year-old daughter first came into contact with rice paper and guqin here. "Touch is very important, let children touch seal cutting, printmaking, calligraphy, etc. personally, cultivate hobbies and feel the charm of traditional culture."

　　Lin Huiqing, director of Yueqing Library, said: "These public libraries in Yueqing pay more attention to people’s needs, and integrate fashion, openness, ecological environment and resources. They are new public cultural spaces integrating reading leisure, family parenting, digital future and light food service."

　　Wei Kongyuan, the manager of the encyclopedia study room, said that in addition to providing free reading services, the study room also makes full use of cultural space to carry out a variety of cultural activities, from lecture activities to online live broadcast, from offline reading to digital reading, from forums to exhibitions, through various forms to popularize ancient books culture, so that the characters in ancient books can "live" in the hands and hearts of modern people.

　　Fan Bainai, vice president of the Institute of Public Policy of Zhejiang University, said that the diversified urban public reading space is playing an increasingly important role in building public cultural spaces such as urban study rooms according to local conditions and providing effective cultural supply for the masses.

　　Innovating service and management methods to make reading reach a wider audience.

　　"How much space is not enough. The Nanshan District Library has more than 1 million books, and the district-level library will develop into a transfer station for books. " Yang Rong, director of the Nanshan District Library in Shenzhen, said.

　　In the interview, the reporter found that some city study rooms and community libraries have taken relevant measures to serve a wider audience in view of the problems of insufficient venue space and low utilization rate of books in their collections.

　　The Nanshan District Library in Shenzhen provides readers with more convenient and accurate literature services by means of "dynamic collection": timely removing books with low utilization rate, supplementing copies and types of documents with high demand, so that the books on the shelf can meet the needs of readers to the greatest extent; Make full use of intelligent bookshelves and indoor positioning navigation systems to provide readers with accurate search and positioning of books, space and other resources; Use the service of "online lending+book delivery to home" to provide readers with greater service guarantee.

　　The picture shows the corner of Nanshan study room in Shenzhen. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yin Peng photo

　　The use of information technologies such as big data and cloud computing has also inserted wings for public cultural services in various places. Beijing enhances the convenience of public cultural services by strengthening the construction of smart libraries and digital cultural centers, and launching digital reading and online cultural activities. Shenzhen has launched the contactless service of pre-lending smart stacks, audio reading promotion activities, and online travel reading featuring the integration of literature and travel; In some places in Zhejiang, by promoting the application of "national reading online" and creating an integrated platform of "one-click lending", digitalization is used to lead national reading … …

　　"Reading can improve the quality of citizens and cities, and it is an important starting point for building a learning and innovative city." Li Chang, a researcher at the Tsinghua University Institute of Cultural and Creative Development, said that we should give full play to the role of science and technology, innovate the service and management methods of public reading space, use the mobile Internet, break the boundaries between time and space, and attract more people to participate in national reading. (Reporter Yin Peng, Lu Chang, Yang Shujun, Wei Yijun)

Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology and other eight departments

On printing and distributing the "Biosafety of Experimental Animals in Hunan Province"

Notice of the Supervision Implementation Plan

Xiang Kefa [2023〕87number

HNPR—2023—04005

Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Education Bureau, Ecology and Environment Bureau, Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Health and Wellness Committee, Forestry Bureau, Market Supervision Bureau, Customs, and all relevant units:

The implementation plan of biosafety supervision of experimental animals in Hunan Province is hereby printed and distributed to you, please follow it.

 

Attachment: Implementation Plan for Biosafety Supervision of Laboratory Animals in Hunan Province

 

Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology

education department of hunan

Hu’ nan province ecological environment department

Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Hunan Provincial Health and Wellness Committee

Hunan Forestry Bureau

Hunan province market supervision management bureau

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Changsha Customs

2023yearsixmoon25sun

 

attachment

Implementation Plan of Biosafety Supervision of Laboratory Animals in Hunan Province

 

In order to standardize the biosafety management of experimental animals in accordance with the law and effectively build a biosafety barrier for experimental animals in our province, this implementation plan is formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions such as the Biosafety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the regulations on the biosafety management of pathogenic microorganism laboratories, the regulations on the management of experimental animals, the measures for implementing the regulations on the management of experimental animals in Hunan Province, and the implementation plan for implementing the Biosafety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Hunan Province, combined with the actual situation of this province.

I. General requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Adhere to the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on national biosafety, integrate the biosafety of experimental animals into the overall layout of biosafety, strengthen the bottom line thinking and sense of responsibility, improve the supervision system and working mechanism, promote the integration of legal management and scientific and technological innovation, implement the biosafety supervision of experimental animals throughout their life cycle, and strengthen“Peacetime tube"and“In a hurry"To build a scientific and efficient biosafety governance pattern for experimental animals.

(2) Basic principles

oneAdhere to supervision according to law and regulations. Focusing on the core of decentralization and standardizing the use of power, we will earnestly“The law cannot be done without authorization, and the statutory duty must be", carry out supervision work according to law.

2Adhere to the classification and supervision by industry. implement“Who is in charge and who is in charge?"and“Territorial management and hierarchical responsibility"It is required that the administrative departments of science and technology at the provincial, city and county levels and the administrative departments of related industries should carry out biosafety supervision of experimental animals by classification and industry according to the assigned work responsibilities.

threeAdhere to the supervision of scientific innovation. Advocate the integration of management and innovation, broaden the supervision ideas, innovate the supervision methods, establish a long-term mechanism, improve the supervision efficiency, and promote the institutionalization, standardization and scientific supervision of laboratory animal biosafety.

(3) Regulatory orientation

The biosafety of experimental animals referred to in this scheme refers to effectively preventing and responding to the threats of dangerous biological factors and related factors in the field of experimental animals, maintaining the stable and healthy development of experimental animal biotechnology, and keeping the human health and environmental ecosystem related to experimental animals in a relatively non-dangerous and non-threatening state. Biosafety supervision of experimental animals focuses on effectively preventing and responding to the epidemic situation of major infectious diseases and the threat of dangerous biological factors in experimental animals, standardizing the research and development, production and use, teaching and demonstration behavior of biotechnology in experimental animals, ensuring the safety of biological genetic resources, preventing bioterrorism attacks, preventing the threat of biological weapons, and forming a coordinated and coordinated supervision system covering the whole province.

Second, the division of responsibilities

In the biological safety supervision of experimental animals, the administrative department of science and technology is the lead responsible unit, the provincial departments such as education, ecological environment, agriculture and rural areas, health and hygiene, forestry and market supervision and Changsha Customs are the responsible units for industry management and collaborative supervision, and the production (management) and use units (including teaching demonstration units) of experimental animals are the main responsible units for implementing the supervision requirements.

(1) Responsibilities of the administrative department of science and technology

oneThe Provincial Department of Science and Technology is in charge of the biosafety supervision of experimental animals in the province, and should assume the main supervisory responsibilities, take the lead in organizing the formulation of regulatory norms and emergency response plans, establish a technical expert consultation library, and carry out business guidance and technical training for the municipal and county-level administrative departments of science and technology. according to“Double random and one open"The principle, from time to time to have obtained the license of experimental animal production (business) and the use of units (including teaching demonstration units) to supervise and inspect the biological safety management, and announce the inspection results to the public, and track and urge the rectification in place for the problems found. Strengthen public supervision, announce the way of reporting, accept and verify public reports, and report telephone numbers:0731–88988731(Provincial Science and Technology Department duty room),0731–88988860(Provincial Laboratory Animal Management Office). Establish and improve the accountability and accountability mechanism, and seriously investigate the responsibility of units and individuals that have caused biosafety accidents due to illegal production (operation) or use of experimental animals, and deal with them according to laws and regulations. According to the requirements of the coordination mechanism in the field of national security biology and public health in Hunan Province, strengthen cooperation with relevant industry management departments, gradually establish a biosafety information sharing system, and form a joint regulatory force according to the principles of daily co-management, information sharing and resource sharing.

2. The municipal (state) administrative department of science and technology is responsible for fulfilling the responsibility of biological safety supervision of experimental animals within its administrative area, guiding the subordinate administrative departments of science and technology to carry out daily supervision, strengthening public supervision, publishing the reporting methods, and accepting and verifying public reports. build“Immediate report of problems"System, the laboratory animal biosafety problems and hidden dangers found, fill in the laboratory animal biosafety problem information table (see Annex), and report to the Provincial Department of Science and Technology and track and urge the problem to be rectified in place.

threeThe county (city, district) administrative department of science and technology is responsible for the daily supervision and inspection of the biosafety of experimental animals within its jurisdiction. By strengthening information communication with relevant administrative departments, widely publicizing, mobilizing social forces, strengthening social public supervision, publishing reporting methods, accepting and verifying public reports, etc., it actively discovers the biosafety violations such as unlicensed production (management) and use of experimental animals within its jurisdiction, and establishes.“Immediate report of problems"System, fill in the laboratory animal biosafety information table (see Annex), and report it to the administrative department of science and technology of the superior city (state) in a timely manner, ask for disposal opinions and urge the rectification to be put in place. For incidents beyond the disposal authority or capacity, they should actively participate in the investigation and disposal of incidents under the leadership of the people’s government at the same level.

(2) Responsibilities of other relevant departments

Education, ecological environment, agriculture and rural areas, health, forestry, customs and other departments at all levels should strengthen biosafety supervision and education and training for enterprises and institutions, various laboratories, schools and other institutions that produce and use experimental animals and their related products in the industry, strengthen information communication with the administrative departments of science and technology, strengthen biosafety awareness, formulate management systems, clarify management responsibilities, and improve biosafety risk prevention capabilities. When dealing with the epidemic situation of infectious diseases caused by experimental animals, organize human resources to participate in the epidemic situation according to needs. Market supervision departments at all levels should cooperate with the administrative department of science and technology, establish relevant information sharing mechanisms, and crack down on experimental animals and products illegally flowing into the food market according to law. The Customs is responsible for strengthening the quarantine inspection of entry-exit experimental animals in the port supervision according to law.

(three) the responsibilities of the production (management) and use units of experimental animals (including teaching demonstration units)

Units and individuals engaged in the conservation, breeding, production, supply, transportation and related commercial operations of experimental animals and related products, and units and individuals using experimental animals and related products for scientific research, experiments and teaching demonstrations, are responsible subjects for implementing the requirements of biosafety supervision, and undertake their daily management responsibilities.

Third, the content and process of supervision

(1) Regulatory contents

The supervision of the production (management) and use units (including teaching demonstration units) of experimental animals mainly includes the following contents:

oneObtain the production license or use license of experimental animals according to law, and carry out various activities according to the permitted scope. Involving national or provincial key protected wild animal experimental animals, shall comply with the relevant provisions of the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Wildlife Protection Law".

2Establish an effective biosafety management system, timely assess biosafety risks, formulate biosafety emergency response plans, and conduct biosafety emergency drills at least once a year.

threeEngaged in the experimental activities of pathogenic microorganisms in experimental animals, we should strictly abide by the relevant national standards, laboratory technical specifications and operating procedures, and take effective safety precautions. It is forbidden to engage in the research, development and application of experimental animal biotechnology that endangers public health, damages biological resources, destroys ecosystems and biodiversity, etc.

fourEncourage the scientific and technological innovation of experimental animals, strictly implement the ethical review of experimental animals, follow the principles of substitution, reduction and optimization, and use the correct methods to dispose of experimental animals. Carry out daily monitoring of experimental animal diseases and establish monitoring files to ensure traceability at any time.

fiveEquip the staff with necessary biological safety protection equipment, organize the staff to carry out health examination every year, establish health files, and carry out vaccination when necessary to ensure the health and safety of the staff.

sixEquipped with necessary facilities and equipment to prevent experimental animals from escaping; There are facilities and equipment for the harmless treatment of sewage, dirt, dead animals and diseased animal products that are suitable for its scale, and the harmless treatment is carried out in time, or a third party with corresponding qualifications is entrusted for the harmless treatment, and it is strictly forbidden for the used experimental animals to enter the market. Timely carry out daily isolation and disinfection, harmless disposal and establish record ledger.

sevenTransport experimental animals in accordance with the relevant national regulations on the transport of live animals, and use qualified transport cages to prevent experimental animals from escaping and other animals from entering; Vehicles shall be cleaned and disinfected in time before loading and after unloading.

eightInfected experimental animals and their excreta, animal products, animal excreta in vehicles and contaminated articles such as padding, packaging materials and containers shall be disposed of in accordance with relevant state regulations, and shall not be disposed of at will.

nineThe teaching of demonstration animal experiments should comply with the Notice of the Ministry of Science and Technology on Issuing the Guiding Opinions on Treating Experimental Animals Well.〔2006〕398) and the general office of the Ministry of Education "Notice on Strengthening the Safety Management of Animal Experiments in Colleges and Universities" (Teaching Hall〔2011〕oneNumber)Relevant requirements, teaching demonstration animals should come from the administrative license unit of experimental animal production or provide legally effective animals.The production (supply) unit of material quality quarantine certificate shall strengthen the safety evaluation and supervision of animal experimental sites (including test benches, floors, tools, freezers and reagents, energy, medicines, etc.), and strengthen the implementation of animal experimental safety education and training, protective measures, operating procedures, harmless disposal of animal carcasses and wastes after experiments and emergency response plans.

(2) Supervision process

The administrative department of science and technology performs the main responsibility of supervision, and constructs a closed-loop supervision chain of the whole process of finding, reporting, rectifying and evaluating the biosafety problems of experimental animals.

one. discovery link. In accordance with the responsibilities of the administrative department of science and technology, take various ways to find out the biosafety problems and hidden dangers of experimental animals in time;

2Report link. Report the biosafety problems and hidden dangers of experimental animals step by step, and report the particularly important and significant problems to the Provincial Health and Health Committee, the lead unit of the coordination mechanism in the field of national safety biology and public health in Hunan Province, according to the provisions of the Emergency Plan for Laboratory Animal Biosafety in Hunan Province;

threeRectification link. In view of the problems and hidden dangers existing in the supervision content, take effective measures to rectify them in place;

four. evaluation link. with“Change now and stand for a long time."We should analyze the causes of problems, sum up experiences and lessons, strengthen guidance and coordination, and constantly improve the supervision system and mechanism of laboratory animal biosafety.

Fourth, safeguard measures

(A) to strengthen organizational leadership

The administrative departments of science and technology at all levels and the management departments of relevant industries must fully realize the necessity and importance of biosafety supervision of experimental animals, correctly handle the relationship between fulfilling supervision duties and service innovation, pay attention to the combination of inspection and guidance, punishment and education, supervision and service, and ensure that supervision is not absent, right and offside. The management of the production (management) and use units (including teaching demonstration units) of experimental animals should attach great importance to the biosafety management of experimental animals in their own units and departments, and earnestly assume the main responsibility of biosafety management of experimental animals.

(B) the implementation of work responsibilities

The administrative departments of science and technology at all levels and the administrative departments of relevant industries should earnestly fulfill their supervisory responsibilities according to the requirements of this scheme, supervise and guide the production (management) and use units (including teaching demonstration units) of experimental animals, establish and improve the organization and management system for the biosafety supervision of experimental animals, compact the responsibilities of the main responsible persons, and form a management system with full participation, full-time coverage and full-time operation.

(3) Strengthen publicity and education

combine“four·15"National Safety Education Day, Science and Technology Activity Week and other activities will be held to publicize the biosafety knowledge of experimental animals through various channels and forms, actively guide relevant responsible subjects to enhance their biosafety awareness, enhance the public’s awareness of biosafety knowledge of experimental animals, strengthen the public opinion monitoring and guidance of experimental animals on safety issues, and create a good atmosphere for the society to attach importance to, support and participate in biosafety supervision of experimental animals.

(D) Increase investment.

The administrative departments of science and technology at all levels should establish and improve the financial guarantee system, and provide stable financial support for the daily supervision, emergency response and personnel training of experimental animals. The production (management) and use units of experimental animals (including teaching demonstration units) should further increase the investment in the biosafety of experimental animals, reserve necessary emergency materials such as therapeutic drugs, articles for harmless disposal of experimental animals, safety protection articles, disinfection drugs and appliances, and continuously improve the level and ability of biosafety risk prevention of experimental animals.

This implementation plan shall come into force as of the date of promulgation and shall be valid for a period of time.fiveYears.

 

        (Annex omitted)

　　A few alarm clocks can’t wake you up, you are late for work, you are sleepy all day, and coffee can’t save you from being sleepy; During the Spring Festival, I ate a lot, snacks and food came to me, three meals were not fixed, and I lost my appetite when I went to work. Difficult to concentrate, nervous, upset, depressed, and unwilling to work and study … … Do you also have the above symptoms, which means that you may have post-holiday syndrome.

　　Adjust your daily routine, go to bed early and get up early.

　　"Post-holiday syndrome refers to people’s physiological and psychological reactions after holidays. The common symptoms are listlessness and general fatigue after going to work after holidays. Some patients may even have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia and dizziness, which are related to people’s disorder of work and rest." Li Xiaojun, deputy chief physician of beijing jishuitan hospital, said that a long holiday will disrupt our inherent life rules, such as diet, sleep and exercise, which will lead to decreased immunity, dizziness, headache, limb weakness, low mood, decreased energy and loss of appetite.

　　During festivals, people are used to sleeping late and getting up late, partying late, playing cards and playing dramas, and the circadian rhythm is disordered, which disrupts the normal biological clock of the human body and causes the sleep time to be delayed. After the festival, even at night, the brain still thinks that it is not time to go to bed now, and insomnia will occur. You need to get up early the next day, and lack of sleep time will lead to lack of energy and fatigue during the day.

　　"To effectively avoid holiday syndrome, we must start with ensuring a good sleep." Li Xiaojun said that good sleep can improve the body’s immunity, regulate mood, restore energy state and improve study or work efficiency; A good sleep requires keeping a daily routine, going to bed early and getting up early, avoiding staying up late as much as possible, avoiding being too excited before going to bed, and reducing the use of electronic products such as mobile phones; You can try to take a hot bath and listen to light music before going to sleep, which will help your brain relax and fall asleep quickly. However, if you have difficulty falling asleep, waking up early and dreaming for a long time, you need to seek the help of a doctor.

　　"Upset work and rest is easy to cause yin deficiency of liver and kidney, which will have a series of effects on the body, such as insomnia, anxiety, tinnitus, dizziness, weakness of waist and knees, stiff neck, hair loss, dry eye and chronic fatigue syndrome." Chen Xiuhua, chief physician of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, reminded that it is especially unfavorable for people with yin deficiency or people with chronic diseases such as chronic hepatitis, chronic nephritis, hypertension and coronary heart disease, which may lead to aggravation or recurrence. Even ordinary people without basic diseases often have their work and rest reversed, which is easy to bring about sleep disorders. After the festival, we should increase outdoor sports, choose our favorite sports mode, and play Tai Ji Chuan or Baduanjin to make the blood flow smoothly.

　　"You can also carry out home meridian health care, such as acupoint massage, beating gallbladder meridian, moxibustion, etc. These health care methods are simple and easy to take effect quickly, helping people to recover quickly after the holiday." Chen Xiuhua suggested that anming should be chosen as the key point for acupoint massage, which is a two-way regulating point. It can not only calm the nerves, but also improve the blood supply to the neck, wake up the magical collaterals, and people who work and rest upside down can have a good effect on anming by massaging, tapping, acupuncture and scraping. In addition, if you see the disease of the liver, you must first strengthen the spleen, so massaging Zusanli, Yinlingquan and other points is also helpful for nourishing the liver in spring. Liver governs ascending and descending, and smooth liver qi is beneficial to the mood. Scraping or cupping to remove dampness also has a targeted effect on post-holiday chronic fatigue syndrome, which can accelerate the awakening of physical and mental energy. Beating the gallbladder meridian along the outside of the legs every day is also helpful for the growth of yang. Pay attention to not beating it too much, and beat it in the morning or morning. If you beat it at night, it will make you excited and difficult to fall asleep, or have symptoms such as shallow sleep and easy to wake up. Moxibustion for health care, selecting Zusanli, Yinlingquan, Zhongwan, Shenque and Tian Shu, can regulate the spleen and stomach, regulate the intestines and promote diuresis.

　　Adjust diet, exercise properly, and keep happy.

　　On holidays, many people indulge their stomachs, such as hot pot, barbecue, seafood, cakes, chocolates, wine and coffee … … However, after indulgence and happiness, the stomach is prone to uncomfortable symptoms, such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhea.

　　"If you want to eat regularly, you must first have a regular schedule." Zhao Xiaoqing, deputy chief physician of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that irregular work and rest will lead to disordered diet and no way to adjust it. We should also relax and maintain a happy and healthy lifestyle. If you are in a good mood, your digestion will be better, you will be in a bad mood, you will not think about tea and rice, and you will have symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension and chest tightness after you get angry. All these indicate that mental factors are related to gastrointestinal activities.

　　"During the festival, everyone eats too much, so it is necessary to reduce the amount of food and let the gastrointestinal tract rest, but it is still necessary to eat on time for three meals a day." Zhao Xiaoqing said that according to the daily activity and the degree of hunger, the food intake should be reduced by 1/3 or even 1/2, and at the same time, the intake of snacks should be reduced to avoid inadvertently eating more. Festivals are full of meat and heavy taste, and the digestive organs of the human body are overwhelmed. Excess food will also lead to an increase in garbage in the body and other problems, such as constipation and getting angry. Post-holiday food should be vegetarian. It is recommended to eat rice congee to get rid of greasy food, and can be seasoned with a little ginger and dried tangerine peel. You can also eat more fresh vegetables and fruits such as lettuce, mustard, carrots and celery to provide more chlorophyll, carotene, vitamins and fiber. At the same time, to avoid tobacco, wine, coffee, strong tea, carbonated drinks, hot and sour food, the best diet is warm, you can choose milk, warm water.

　　"In addition, you should chew slowly when eating, take a bite of food, chew it for 60 times, and then swallow it. The key point is to eat slowly, and don’t burden the gastrointestinal tract in speed." Zhao Xiaoqing told me that after the holiday, the gastrointestinal tract is overworked, its function is not as good as before, or there is still undigested food left. At this time, it is even more necessary to chew slowly when eating. When chewing, it can also increase the secretion of digestive enzymes in saliva, thus reducing the burden on the stomach and intestines.

　　"The stomach and intestines are mostly protected and nourished, which is the key to nourishing the stomach." Zhao Xiaoqing reminded that the short-term unclean diet exceeds the digestive capacity of the stomach, which leads to obvious discomfort of the stomach, and it can also be adjusted by drugs in a short time. Western medicines that help digestion include gastrointestinal motility drugs such as mosapride and motilium, digestive drugs such as Bitter and compound digestive enzymes, and probiotics can also be selected, which can effectively regulate gastrointestinal flora and improve gastrointestinal function. Chinese medicine can choose Xiangsha Yangwei Pill, Huoxiang Zhengqi Water (Pill), Simotang Oral Liquid, Baohe Pill and other Chinese patent medicines.

　　"You can also drink four convenient soup teas to maintain your stomach." Zhao Xiaoqing recommended — —

　　Orange tea. First put 7~10g Pu ‘er tea, pour a little boiling water, gently shake it for 10 ~ 20s, then turn around and make tea soup, and then add 5g dried tangerine peel to drink. This tea can reduce blood fat, resist arteriosclerosis and regulate the stomach.

　　Dried orange peel barley tea. 5g of dried tangerine peel and 30g of barley are poured into boiling water and brewed together. This tea can promote intestinal peristalsis and reduce the residence time of greasy food in the stomach. It is suitable for spleen and stomach qi stagnation, abdominal distension, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, cough with excessive phlegm, chest and diaphragm fullness and other symptoms.

　　Sour plum soup 15g of ebony, 10g of liquorice, 10g of malt and 15g of hawthorn are added with appropriate amount of clear water, and after boiling over high fire, the mixture is reduced to low fire and boiled for 5 minutes. This soup can stimulate appetite and help digestion.

　　Ginger, Amomum villosum and brown sugar water. Take about 10g of ginger, chop it into powder, 5g of Amomum villosum and 50g of brown sugar, put it into a big bowl, brew it with boiling water, then cover it for 3-5 minutes, and drink it while it is hot, which can effectively relieve the stomach pain and epigastric discomfort caused by eating cold food on weekdays.

　　"In addition, it is also critical to maintain proper exercise." Li Xiaojun reminded that during holidays, people’s biological clocks are easily disrupted, and visiting relatives and friends, parties, etc. will reduce the amount of exercise, which will lead to drowsiness and fatigue. It is recommended to exercise properly and set aside half an hour to an hour of exercise every day, so that the body can quickly regain its vitality and maintain a positive and healthy state. At the same time, we should also maintain a good psychological state, avoid being too emotional and moody, maintain a good emotional state, properly divert attention and relax, which will help to quickly return to the best state of work and study.

　　On December 16th, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China issued a public consultation announcement on the Notice on Further Promoting the Standardized and Healthy Development of Credit Card Business (Draft for Comment). The opinion draft pointed out that banking financial institutions should take effective measures to monitor and control the actual use of credit card funds in a timely and accurate manner. Credit card funds shall not be used for repayment of loans, investment and other fields, and it is strictly forbidden to flow into areas restricted or prohibited by policies. The number of long-term sleep credit cards that have not been actively traded by customers for more than 18 consecutive months and the current overdraft balance and overpayment are zero shall not exceed 20% of the total number of cards issued by the institution at any time, except for credit cards with additional policy functions issued by banking financial institutions as required by policies and regulations. Banking financial institutions exceeding this ratio may not issue new cards.

　　Attached to the original:

　　Notice on Further Promoting the Standardized and Healthy Development of Credit Card Business (Draft for Comment)

　　This circular is formulated to standardize the credit card business, implement the management responsibilities of banking financial institutions and their cooperative institutions, improve the quality and efficiency of credit card services, protect the legitimate rights and interests of financial consumers, adhere to the people-centered development idea, and promote the credit card industry to develop with high quality to better support scientific and rational consumption.

　　First, strengthen the management of credit card business

　　(1) [Strategic Management] A banking financial institution shall formulate a prudent and steady credit card development strategy, which shall be reviewed and approved by the board of directors or senior management of the institution, and shall be continuously and effectively implemented and regularly evaluated and improved. Banking financial institutions shall reasonably formulate the annual management objectives and plans of credit cards in strict accordance with the development strategy.

　　(II) [Performance Appraisal] Banking financial institutions shall establish a scientific and reasonable credit card business performance appraisal index system and salary payment mechanism. The weight of compliance management indicators and risk management indicators should be significantly higher than other indicators. Banking financial institutions shall regularly assess and determine the positions and personnel scope that have an important impact on the credit card business risks, and implement strict management of deferred payment, delayed recourse and deduction of performance pay.

　　(III) [Asset Quality Management] Banking financial institutions shall strictly implement the credit card asset quality classification standards and identification procedures, and comprehensively, accurately and timely reflect the asset risk status. Strengthen the analysis of asset quality migration trend, set risk early warning indicators, continuously and effectively identify, measure, monitor, warn, prevent and dispose of risks, accurately grasp the scale and structure of non-performing assets, and write them off in time according to procedures.

　　(IV) [Behavior Management] Banking financial institutions shall strictly implement the employee behavior management of credit card business, carry out continuous supervision and regular investigation, implement the whole process supervision of the business behaviors of important positions and key personnel, and establish and improve the accountability and recording mechanism for violations.

　　(V) [Staff Training] Banking financial institutions shall strengthen compliance training and consumer rights protection training for their employees engaged in credit card business, and the training time for each person shall not be less than 30 hours per year.

　　Second, strictly regulate the marketing behavior of issuing cards.

　　(VI) [Card Issuance Management] Banking financial institutions shall not directly or indirectly take the number of cards issued, the number of customers, market share or market ranking as single or main assessment indicators.

　　Banking financial institutions should continue to take effective measures to prevent risks such as fraudulent card handling and excessive card handling. Set the maximum number of cards issued for a single customer. Strengthen the dynamic monitoring and management of sleep credit cards and strictly control the proportion. The number of long-term sleep credit cards that have not been actively traded by customers for more than 18 consecutive months and the current overdraft balance and overpayment are zero shall not exceed 20% of the total number of cards issued by the institution at any time, except for credit cards with additional policy functions issued by banking financial institutions as required by policies and regulations. Banking financial institutions exceeding this ratio may not issue new cards. The Bank of China Insurance Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission) can dynamically reduce the proportion limit standard of long-term sleep credit cards according to regulatory needs.

　　Banking financial institutions should respect the true wishes of customers when binding payment accounts and other accounts for credit cards, and provide unbinding services with the same convenience. If a customer applies for card cancellation, it shall complete the processing in time after confirming that there is no outstanding payment.

　　(VII) [Information Disclosure] Banking financial institutions should effectively strengthen marketing publicity and management when conducting credit card business. When concluding a credit card contract with a customer, we should strictly fulfill the obligation to prompt or explain the terms of interest, compound interest, fees, liquidated damages, and risk disclosure, show the annualized interest rate level to the customer in an obvious way, ensure that the customer pays attention to and understands the terms, and actively inform the customer of the consultation and complaint acceptance channels. When opening the online payment function of credit card for customers, we should fully fulfill the obligation of informing in advance, reach an agreement with customers on the terms of online payment, and obtain the customer’s confirmation and consent on the opening.

　　(VIII) [Sales Backtracking] Banking financial institutions shall actively take audio and video recording and other measures to completely and objectively record and save important sales link information such as credit card issuance, risk disclosure and information disclosure, so as to ensure that the recorded information is comprehensive, accurate, tamper-proof and traceable, and continuously meet the requirements of supervision and inspection by financial regulatory authorities and investigation and evidence collection by judicial organs in China. The recorded information should at least include: the valid identification materials of the credit card applicant, the financial status related to the credit card application, credit records, publicity and sales texts, signed credit card articles of association and contract (agreement), important tips and confirmation information, etc. The recorded information should be kept for at least 2 years after the end of the business duration with customers.

　　(IX) [Management of Marketing Personnel] No person may engage in the credit card issuance marketing activities of a banking financial institution without internal unified qualification certification. Banking financial institutions shall provide information inquiry methods for credit card marketers at their business outlets and electronic channels. Credit card marketers should present their work certificates containing the identity of the card issuer and personal work information to customers in advance, and inform customers of the information inquiry methods of credit card marketers.

　　(X) [Prohibited Behavior] Banking financial institutions shall implement strict management of credit card marketing behavior. Do not promise to issue cards or promise to give high credit; No fraud or false propaganda; Credit cards shall not be marketed by default check or forced bundling.

　　Third, strict credit management and risk control

　　(eleven) [credit audit] banking financial institutions should strengthen the credit audit of credit card customers, understand and analyze the credit status of customers through legal channels such as the basic database of financial credit information, implement necessary multi-dimensional cross-verification, independently audit and judge the identity of customers and identify the authenticity, integrity and timeliness of application materials. Customers who have multiple debt records in different institutions after investigation should be strictly examined to strictly guard against the risk of multi-head lending.

　　(XII) [Credit Management] A banking financial institution shall reasonably set the upper limit of the total credit line of a single customer according to the credit status, income status and financial status of the customer, and include the customer in all credit lines of the institution for unified management. Within the total credit line of credit card, the credit line of cash advance business shall not exceed the credit line of non-cash advance business.

　　Banking financial institutions shall conduct full due diligence on a single customer and conduct consolidated management on all credit card credit lines of the customer in other institutions. In the process of credit approval and credit line increase (including temporary credit line increase), the accumulated credit lines obtained from other institutions should be deducted from the total credit line of the customer’s own credit card, and the situation of new card issuing customers applying for credit cards from other institutions at the same time should be monitored and the corresponding credit line reduction should be implemented.

　　(XIII) Banking financial institutions shall implement strict and prudent dynamic management of credit line of credit card, and re-evaluate, calculate and determine the credit line of credit card customers at least once a year. For customers whose risk situation has obviously deteriorated, measures such as reducing the credit line should be taken in time. The customer who raises the credit line shall be re-approved for credit, and the credit line shall not be raised without the consent of the customer. Banking financial institutions shall strictly set the approval authority for raising the credit line, and reasonably set the range, frequency, time interval and validity period of the temporary increase of the credit line.

　　(XIV) [Risk Model] Banking financial institutions shall establish and improve the whole process management mechanism of credit card risk model development, testing, evaluation, application, monitoring, correction, optimization and withdrawal, ensure that the risk model development and evaluation links are independent of each other, and re-evaluate the risk model at least once a year and update and optimize it in time. When using the risk model provided by the cooperative organization, the principles of interpretability, verifiability, transparency and fairness shall be followed, and the responsibility of risk model management shall not be outsourced. The board of directors and senior management of banking financial institutions should understand the role and limitations of credit card-related risk models.

　　Fourth, strictly control the flow of funds

　　(XV) Banking financial institutions shall take effective measures to timely and accurately monitor and control the actual use of credit card funds. Credit card funds shall not be used for repayment of loans, investment and other fields, and it is strictly forbidden to flow into areas restricted or prohibited by policies.

　　(XVI) Banking financial institutions shall strengthen the monitoring and analysis of abnormal card use behaviors such as cashing and swiping, continuously optimize transaction monitoring rules, enhance early warning capabilities, and continuously and effectively prevent and control all kinds of fraud risks. Record and save credit card transactions and other information completely according to law, and continuously meet the requirements of supervision and inspection by financial regulatory authorities and investigation and evidence collection by judicial organs in China. If the transaction information that the acquiring institution should send is not received, it shall promptly inform the bank card clearing institution, the online payment clearing platform of non-bank payment institutions and other relevant institutions. For customers who confirm the existence of cash withdrawal, banking financial institutions should immediately take effective restrictive measures to control the risk of credit card funds.

　　Five, comprehensively strengthen the standardized management of credit card installment business.

　　(XVII) Banking financial institutions shall strictly regulate the management of credit card installment business. To handle installment business for customers, we should set up independent application, approval and other links in advance, fully disclose the nature of installment business, handling procedures, potential risks and liability for breach of contract in a concise and easy-to-understand way, and confirm the knowledge by customers in a legally effective way. A separate contract (agreement) shall be signed with the customer for each installment business, and it shall not be confused with or bundled with other credit card business contracts (agreements). If the credit card installment funds need to be transferred to the customer’s own account, it shall be transferred to his own bank settlement account except the credit card, and the amount and term shall be managed according to the cash advance business.

　　(XVIII) [Prohibitive Provisions] Banking financial institutions shall not re-stage the fund balance that has been staged, except for the personalized installment repayment agreement stipulated in the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Credit Card Business of Commercial Banks. No minimum repayment service shall be provided for installment business. Do not only provide or check the option of charging full installment interest at one time by default.

　　(XIX) [Amount and Term] Banking financial institutions shall carefully set the amount and term of credit card overdraft by installment, and specify the minimum starting amount and the maximum amount of installment business. The term of installment business shall not exceed 5 years. If the customer really needs to apply for installment repayment for the cash advance business, the amount shall not exceed RMB 50,000 or the equivalent in a freely convertible currency, and the term shall not exceed 2 years.

　　(20) [Disclosure Form of Interest and Fee] A banking financial institution shall clearly display all interest and fee items, annualized interest rate levels and interest and fee calculation methods that may be generated by installment business on the first page of the installment business contract (agreement). When showing customers the use cost of funds collected by installment business, interest shall be used uniformly, and handling fees shall not be used, unless otherwise stipulated by laws and regulations.

　　(21) If the customer settles the credit card installment business in advance, the banking financial institution shall charge interest according to the actual amount of funds occupied and the term.

　　Sixth, strict management of cooperative institutions

　　(22) [Management of Cooperative Institutions] When conducting credit card business cooperation, banking financial institutions should earnestly implement the main responsibility of business compliance review and strengthen cooperation with cooperative institutions in employee compliance and consumer protection training. The credit card business management department of the head office or the headquarters of the credit card franchise institution shall formulate clear entry and exit standards and management approval procedures for the cooperative institutions, and implement list management. A written cooperation contract shall be signed with the cooperative institution to clearly stipulate the rights and responsibilities of both parties. If it is found that the cooperative institution provides unfair and unreasonable cooperation conditions or services, it shall refuse to cooperate or terminate the cooperation according to the contract. The cooperative institutions mentioned in this Notice include, but are not limited to, various institutions that cooperate in credit card advertising promotion, payment and settlement, information technology, value-added services and collection.

　　(23) [Cooperative Management] Banking financial institutions shall accept business links such as credit card application, customer information collection, identity verification, card issuance review, contract (agreement) signing, credit card transaction, bill information inquiry, repayment, etc. through self-operated network platforms, pages or other electronic channels managed and controlled by cooperative institutions, so as to ensure clear and accurate creditor-debtor relationship. For consumers who transfer to the self-operated network platform of their own institutions through the channels of other cooperative institutions, the cooperative institutions shall be required to make special tips on the difference between the ownership subjects of the channels and places.

　　(24) [Concentration Management] The total number of credit cards issued by a banking financial institution through a single cooperative institution or a number of cooperative institutions with related relationships shall not exceed 25% of the total number of credit cards issued by the institution, and the total credit balance shall not exceed 15% of the total credit balance of the institution.

　　(25) [Co-branded card management — Main responsibility] Banking financial institutions shall assume the main responsibility for the operation and management of their co-branded cards, ensure that both parties to the co-branded cards present their own brands equally in all credit card-related business links, and shall not directly or in disguised form exercise banking duties on behalf of the co-branded units or substitute the brand of the co-branded units for the bank brand. We should continue to strengthen the analysis and monitoring of the business risk, reputation risk and other adverse effects of the joint venture, and strictly prevent the risk from being transmitted to this institution. Except for obtaining separate authorization from customers through the self-operated channels of the institution, information unrelated to its rights and services shall not be returned to the joint venture. It is not allowed to carry out business beyond the business area restrictions by issuing joint-name cards or through the channels of joint-name units. Strengthen cooperation with bank card clearing institutions, and establish and improve the business rules for issuing co-branded cards.

　　(XXVI) [Co-branded card management — Joint unit] Banking financial institutions shall carefully and fully evaluate the matching degree between joint units and credit card product positioning. A joint entity shall be a non-financial institution that provides value-added services to credit card customers in its main business field. Banking financial institutions shall not cooperate with financial institutions, financial holding companies and their subordinate financial institutions, non-bank payment institutions and local financial organizations to issue co-branded cards, except as otherwise provided by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　(XXVII) [Co-branded card management — Service restrictions] The business scope of joint-name card cooperation of banking financial institutions shall be limited to the advertising promotion of joint-name units and the rights and interests services related to their main business. Where a joint venture provides data analysis, technical support, collection and other services, it shall sign a special contract separately, and stipulate the rights and responsibilities of both parties according to the principle of matching income and risk, and different cooperation content categories shall not be confused and cross-bound.

　　(XXVIII) [Co-branded card management — Service charge] If a joint unit participates in the credit card revenue or profit sharing directly or in disguised form in the joint card business cooperation, or improperly links the charging standard with the credit card overdraft amount and other indicators, the banking financial institution shall stop the joint card cooperation with it.

　　(29) [Collection Management] Banking financial institutions shall implement the main responsibility of collection management, strictly formulate and implement management systems such as audit inspection and complaint handling of collection business, standardize collection behavior, and shall not provide or disclose customer arrears information in violation of laws and regulations, and shall not collect debts from third parties unrelated to debts. Continuously strengthen the collection capacity building of this institution and reduce the dependence on outsourcing collection.

　　Vii. strengthening the protection of consumers’ legitimate rights and interests

　　(30) [Consumer Protection Review] Banking financial institutions shall establish a review system and working mechanism for the protection of consumers’ rights and interests, and incorporate them into the credit card business risk management and internal control system. Regularly and strictly review credit card format contracts to avoid clauses and contents that infringe on consumers’ legitimate rights and interests.

　　(31) [Reasonable Pricing] Under the premise of complying with laws and effectively covering risks, banking financial institutions should scientifically determine the level of credit card interest fees, improve the quality and efficiency of services, continue to take effective measures, and resolutely promote the reasonable decline of credit card interest fees. Except for cash withdrawal business, the total amount of interest charged by banking financial institutions to customers who default or fail to repay overdue shall not exceed the corresponding overdraft principal.

　　(32) [Data Security] Banking financial institutions shall strictly implement data security and other relevant laws and regulations and relevant provisions on credit management, follow the principle of "legality, justness and necessity", and clearly stipulate in the cooperation contract the purpose, manner and scope of the use of customer information by both parties, customer information confidentiality responsibilities and obligations, and effective measures to prevent and control the risk of customer information disclosure. It is not allowed to cooperate with institutions that conduct data processing in violation of laws and regulations.

　　Eight, strengthen the supervision and management of credit card business.

　　(33) [Daily Supervision] China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices shall strengthen the risk identification, monitoring, early warning, prevention and control and disposal of credit card business of banking financial institutions, and continuously strengthen the extended monitoring and regulation of various business activities related to credit card business. In violation of the provisions of this notice, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, and relevant regulatory measures or administrative penalties may be taken according to the Banking Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China and other laws, administrative regulations and relevant provisions.

　　(XXXIV) [Online Credit Card Business] In accordance with the principles of controllable risks, safety and order, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission has promoted the innovation of the credit card industry and explored innovative modes such as online credit card business through pilot projects.

　　(35) [Strengthening Industry Self-discipline] The China Banking Association shall give full play to the industry self-discipline function, continuously improve the self-discipline rules and risk evaluation system of credit card business, and strengthen self-discipline punishment and notification.

　　(36) This notice shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. Banking financial institutions shall, within one month from the date of implementation of this notice, formulate and submit a rectification plan to the regulatory authorities, and clarify the rectification objectives and time schedule. If the credit card business that has been started does not conform to the provisions of this notice, the rectification shall be completed within 24 months.

　　(37) [Other Arrangements] If the relevant provisions before the issuance of this notice are inconsistent with this notice, this notice shall prevail. China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission is responsible for the interpretation of this notice.

　　One of the great events in today’s news is that our mission of the Quest Experiment Module has completed the regional training between systems before launch, which also means that all preparations have been made and it is necessary to launch at the right time. From the ground to space, since the successful launch of Shenzhou XIV on June 5, our three astronauts have been working and living in orbit for 47 days. At the beginning of today’s program, let’s take a look at their life today and see what they are busy with.

　　This is a picture of three astronauts having breakfast today. Facing us is female astronaut Liu Yang, the middle is astronaut Chen Dong, and the back to the camera is astronaut Cai Xuzhe.

　　This is the picture after dinner. Liu Yang and Chen Dong are operating instruments, while Cai Xuzhe behind them is exercising.

　　It can be seen that everyone is in good shape. In fact, in recent days, the astronauts are stepping up the arrangement of materials transferred from Tianzhou-3, and also training the next manual rendezvous and docking backup plan. During this period, they also completed an important task and witnessed a magical moment. Let’s take a look at this moment that we have never seen before.

　　This work is to check the conversion state of the water tank in the carbon dioxide reduction system. Where does carbon dioxide come from? It was breathed by astronauts, and what did the reduction turn into through the system? That is water.

　　You can see Liu Yang pumping the water tank out of the system. Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe are checking the condition of the water tank. Of course, after that, the water tank will be connected to the treatment system for purification, and finally pure reclaimed water will be generated. What do you think of this magical system? How much can this extra bucket of water do? More importantly, how to make resources such as water and oxygen can be recycled in space, "endless"? Among them, what role is the environmental control and life support system playing? Today’s program, let’s start with the process behind this application.

　　Can carbon dioxide be converted into water?

　　On May 10th, Tianzhou-4 cargo spacecraft flew to China Space Station on the Long March 7th Yao-5 carrier rocket. It is worth noting that the items launched with the cargo spacecraft include a carbon dioxide reduction system.

　　Wu Dawei, deputy chief designer of astronaut system of China Astronaut Center.It (carbon dioxide reduction system) can mainly realize regeneration, and the carbon dioxide exhaled by us can be further fully reused through the subsystem and then used in our space station.

　　What is the final form of reuse after carbon dioxide conversion? The answer is: water, domestic water for astronauts to drink.

　　On June 5th, Shenzhou XIV manned spacecraft was successfully launched. Astronauts Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe entered the space station to perform a series of important tasks, including the related work of carbon dioxide reduction system.

　　According to the plan, on June 23, three astronauts completed the assembly and testing of the carbon dioxide reduction system with the cooperation of ground personnel.

　　How will the system work after the assembly test is completed? Can carbon dioxide really be successfully converted into water? Just recently, the answer was revealed.

　　In fact, before this, in order to achieve the goal of long-term residence of astronauts in China Space Station and recycle resources such as water and oxygen, the "environmental control and life support" system has already been put into use. The top priority for astronauts in Shenzhou 12 is to install, debug and experience this system.

　　Astronaut Liu Boming: How did the reclaimed water come from? There are mainly two parts, one is the condensed water we collected in the cabin, and the other is the distilled water formed by urine collection and urine treatment.

　　During the three-month on-orbit flight of Shenzhou 12, three astronauts verified all the functions of the system, realized the recycling of oxygen, water and other resources in the space station, and drank Kung Fu tea in space.

　　Astronaut Liu BomingI’ll show you a drink of kungfu tea.

　　Tang Bin, Deputy Director of Environmental Control and Life Insurance Research Office of China Astronaut Research and Training Center.The utilization rate of water resources is designed to be 85%, and now it completely meets our design index. Up to now, reclaimed water has been used, and gas purification in the cabin does not need to consume some consumables. It is a recycling process, so that a long-term manned mission can be guaranteed.

　　New system and new achievements

　　In fact, the reduction system of converting carbon dioxide into water mentioned in the short film is a part of our whole environmental control and life support system.

　　The composition of this system is very complicated. It should provide the astronauts with oxygen needed for atmospheric pressure and breathing, remove carbon dioxide in the air in time, remove trace harmful gases, microorganisms and dust, ensure good air quality, control comfortable air temperature and humidity, and ensure the basic needs of astronauts’ survival such as drinking water and defecation. Simply put, it is to provide protection for our astronauts to survive, live and work in the space environment, also known as the "protective umbrella" for astronauts’ lives. What do you think of the application of the latest carbon dioxide reduction system?

　　Next, we immediately connected an expert: Li Sen, associate researcher of China Astronaut Center and chief designer of the environmental control and life support system of China Space Station.

Can the water converted by the carbon dioxide reduction system be directly drunk? Is it delicious?

　　Li Sen, chief designer of environmental control and life support system of China Space Station.These 22 liters of water can’t be drunk directly. They are the reduced water generated by the carbon dioxide reduction subsystem and belong to the intermediate water. They can be drunk after being purified by the water treatment system. It should be said that no matter the reclaimed water produced after urine or sweat treatment or the reclaimed water produced after reduction and transformation of carbon dioxide gas, the taste is the same.

　　Can astronauts drink the reclaimed water after sweat and urine treatment?

　　Li Sen, chief designer of environmental control and life support system of China Space Station.We have done a full test on the ground. We returned from Shenzhou 12 to descend the reclaimed water produced in orbit, and then tested all the indicators on the ground, and all the indicators were qualified, and the water quality fully met the requirements of drinking water. In addition, astronauts have also experienced the process of drinking reclaimed water for a period of time on the ground, so astronauts can face it calmly.

　　China Space Station, the recycling rate of water resources has exceeded 90%

　　Li Sen, chief designer of environmental control and life support system of China Space Station.Prior to this, our environmental control and life support system has realized the regeneration of atmosphere and water through the operation of five regeneration subsystems, namely, electrolytic oxygen generation subsystem, carbon dioxide removal subsystem, trace harmful gas removal subsystem, urine treatment subsystem and water treatment subsystem, and the material closure degree of water resources has exceeded 80%. This time, through the stable operation of carbon dioxide reduction subsystem, we can recover about one kilogram of water every day, so that the material closure degree of water resources has increased to 90%.

In other words, more than 90% of the water that astronauts in orbit drink is produced by our reclaimed water. Of course, a small part of it is replenished by the ground through cargo ships, which accounts for less than 10%.

　　Every kilogram of reclaimed water generated by the system is equivalent to saving one kilogram of gold.

　　Li Sen, chief designer of environmental control and life support system of China Space Station.In the space station, one kilogram of water is generated through the system, which means that we can supply one kilogram of water less every day in the future, which means that we don’t need to transport one kilogram of water from the materials on the ground. As the saying goes, "one gram weighs one gram of gold", and the launch cost of a rocket spacecraft with one gram of weight is about the value of one gram of gold.

　　If one kilogram of water is not replenished on the ground, it is equivalent to saving one kilogram of gold, which is equivalent to about 400,000 yuan. Therefore, the application of environmental control and life support system greatly reduces the replenishment of launch.

　　The environmental control life insurance system has been running for more than a year. What’s the situation?

　　Li Sen, chief designer of environmental control and life support system of China Space Station.From the launch of Tianhe core cabin to now, our environmental control life support system has been running for more than a year. Over the past year or so, the five subsystems have been running very stably, and all the parameters are relatively stable, and the system functions have been well realized, including the electrolytic oxygen production system, which provided sufficient oxygen for the 90-day stay of the three astronauts on Shenzhou 12 and the 180-day stay of the three astronauts on Shenzhou 13, and also removed the carbon dioxide and harmful gases generated, provided water and other resources, and ensured the life safety of the astronauts in orbit. The whole system should be said to be running very well.

　　How many astronauts can the environmental control life support system guarantee for a long time?

　　Li Sen, chief designer of environmental control and life support system of China Space Station.Judging from the on-orbit operation of Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13, the current gear of our environmental control life support system is relatively matched with the operation in three-person mode, and the operation level is still good.

　　Judging from the current data, this system in our core cabin can support the operation of six people, including electrolytic oxygen production system and carbon dioxide removal system. It’s just that when six people are running, they will definitely work to a higher gear, or we will handle it faster.

　　What will be the future of environmental control life insurance system?

　　Li Sen, chief designer of environmental control and life support system of China Space Station.The technical development of our environmental control and life support system has been aimed at further improving the material closure. For example, water resources, we have now achieved more than 90% recycling, and a new generation of atomization regeneration technology is being studied. For example, we should further extract water from the residual urine produced by the urine treatment system at present, further recover the water and improve the material closure of water resources.

　　At present, we are conducting research on the ground, and in the future, we will use new technologies, such as biological regeneration technology, to realize food regeneration and reach a higher level of environmental control and life support technology.

　　How to make resources "endless" in space? How to better ensure that astronauts can fly with peace of mind and work and live safely and comfortably in the sky? We continue to pay attention.

　　Environmental control life support system: from non-regeneration to regeneration

　　On April 29, 2021, Tianhe core module soared from Hainan Wenchang Space Launch Site, announcing the success of the first battle of China’s space station construction, and China officially entered the space station stage.

　　After the completion of the space station, how can astronauts stay in a closed and narrow cabin for a long time? How to ensure the air pressure, wind speed, air quality and water suitable for human survival? The environmental control and life support system of space station is the key to answer this series of questions.

　　Liu Litao, Associate Research Fellow, Environmental Control and Life Insurance Research Office, China Astronaut CenterIn the space station, the astronaut can feel according to his own body. He thinks that my temperature is high now, so I can lower it by 1℃. If the temperature is low, I can raise it by 1℃, which is completely self-controlled, similar to turning on the air conditioner.

　　In short-term flight, astronauts use consumptive non-renewable technology. After the long-term mission to the space station, if we rely on non-renewable technology, the supply pressure on the ground will be very great. In addition, the regeneration of oxygen resources is also very important. After all, astronauts can’t leave oxygen for a second, and if the carbon dioxide is too high, people will be in a coma. Then, how do the oxygen, water and other resources necessary for astronauts to live in the space station move from "non-regeneration" to "regeneration"?

　　Liu Xiangyang, researcher of China Astronaut Center and deputy chief designer of space station system.We regenerate and purify gases, including the removal of carbon dioxide and trace harmful gases. In addition, water is electrolyzed into oxygen for them to breathe. After urine is treated into distilled water, it will enter a water treatment system and be treated into drinking water, including condensed water, which can also be treated into drinking water. The joint matching of these five sets (sub-systems) in orbit can greatly save the consumables of our astronauts on the ground.

　　Today is the 449th day of the in-orbit operation of Tianhe core module. As the astronauts stay in orbit longer and longer, the life requirements for environmental control and life support will naturally be high in the future. In addition, the astronauts’ on-orbit maintenance and environmental control life support project will also be an important direction of system development.

　　Wu Zhiqiang, researcher of China Astronaut Research and Training Center and deputy chief designer of astronaut system.We should always ensure the safe and reliable operation of this system, and it can be maintained in case of failure, so the design concept of on-orbit maintenance is also paid special attention to during the system development. For example, to prevent people from designing by mistake, a large number of special designs have been carried out like these.

　　At present, the space station assembly has been adjusted into orbit, and it has the conditions for rendezvous and docking with the space station. After docking, the astronauts will enter the cabin to start the life support system, complete the assembly of the scientific experiment cabinet and carry out cross-scientific experiments. A series of expectations are getting closer and closer.

　　Cctv news(Reporter Yuan Yuqian) On May 13th, "Beautiful China Yangtze River Tour — — Chongqing Station, the network theme activity of "Dancing the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Ecological Articles", was officially launched. In the next five days, more than 300 journalists from more than 60 online media will go to 11 provinces (cities) along the Yangtze River Economic Belt for investigation and interview at the same time, and tell the story of the construction and development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt by using multimedia forms such as words, pictures, aerial photography, video, live broadcast and VR.

　　It is reported that the network theme activity was hosted by the Central Network Information Office and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and was undertaken by the network information offices of 11 provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, such as Chongqing, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi. The purpose of the activity is to thoroughly publicize and implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and to thoroughly publicize the new development concept, focusing on the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and vigorously promote the common development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, especially the new atmosphere, new actions and new achievements in promoting the construction of ecological civilization.

　　During the theme activities, the organizers set up three online activities, such as the online "Poetry of the Yangtze River" reading contest, the online photo contest of "Illustrating the Yangtze River" and the game "I Plant Trees for the Yangtze River". Netizens participate in online interactive activities, have the opportunity to win rich prizes, and have the opportunity to be invited to Chongqing to plant a tree by the Yangtze River and get a 4-day tour of Chongqing’s urban landscape for free.

　　From May 13th to 17th, the interview activities in Chongqing will be carried out in two routes, one is to visit Liangjiang New Area, Jiulongpo, Shapingba, Jiangjin, Yongchuan and Rongchang, and the other is to visit Changshou, Kaizhou, Yunyang and Fengjie. Dig deep into the new achievements made by Chongqing in its efforts to build a green ecological corridor in which the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are in harmony with man and nature, report the new changes in green production, green life and green economy in Chongqing in a three-dimensional way, and vividly show how Chongqing plays the "Song of the Yangtze River" in the new era of ecological priority and green development.

　　　 1905 movie network exclusive feature "Full-time high energy in 106 minutes", "Perfect performance" and "Feast of confrontation between police and bandits" … … With the rave reviews since the screening, on September 30th, 2015, the director’s film was finally released. In 2004, the "kidnapping case" that shocked the entire entertainment circle was put on the big screen every 11 years. It is naturally curious that there are many actors and actresses who help out and the protagonist of the case personally joins in the interpretation.

　

　　　 However, most mainland fans may not be familiar with the name of director Sheng Ding. But when it comes to series and, some fans will have some impressions. Indeed, this little-known gangster film director has not really made a classic yet. But people who have seen his films all admit that he has a unique grasp between business elements and personal style. Therefore, when we talk about the new hope of the mainland police film, we should not ignore Sheng Ding, except the director.

　

Who’s Sheng Ding? The road of commercial director step by step.

　

　　　 Perhaps few people know that Sheng Ding’s film director’s debut was a comedy romance in 2000. At that time, "It’s not hard for a man to marry", the leading actor of this play and Taiwan Province actor, was being broadcasted, and the heroine’s two years ago was also impressive. Looking at this light sketch film from today’s perspective, although it is suspected of procrastination, it can be regarded as a sincere work. Unfortunately, the film’s box office is bleak, and almost no one cares. Most of the audience who remember this work are from the movie channel.

　

　　　 The following four works are relatively well-known. The Tough Guy in 2008 and The Tough Guy in 2011 are Sheng Ding’s most personal works. Highly stylized images, simple and rude stories, and hard-hitting scenes are full of hormones. However, many viewers think that the characters are too stupid and the plot is not nutritious, and the reputation of both works is only at the passing level.

　

　　　 In 2010, The Little Soldier can be said to be Sheng Ding’s most lovely work at present. Until today, Weibo in Sheng Ding is still the director of The Little Soldier. Although the story of this film originated from a whim of Jackie Chan in the early 1990s, Sheng Ding really handed over the script after processing, which led to this sincere work. The funny thing is that although this is a comedy, eldest brother actually "died" in the film starring himself for the first time. The film fought its way out in the siege of 14 Chinese New Year movies in 2010, and won 15.06 million box office on the first day of its premiere, winning the Chinese New Year movie with a box office of over 100 million, which is in stark contrast to the fact that "Make a fuss" was also put on the market as a Chinese New Year movie, but there was almost no response.

　

　　　 Police Story 2013, which was released in Christmas 2013, was the second cooperation between Jackie Chan and Sheng Ding. This time, Jackie Chan bid farewell to the status of "Chen Jiaju, the Royal Hong Kong Police" and challenged the image of mainland public security for the first time. Sheng Ding also became the only mainland director in the "never to lose" series. The film was a great commercial success, with the first day box office exceeding 65 million yuan, which set a new record for Jackie Chan’s film. The cumulative box office in three weeks exceeded 500 million, a record that has never been surpassed by mainland films of the same theme, and Sheng Ding was gloriously promoted to be the upstart director of mainland commercial films.

　

Almighty Sheng Ding: A director who can’t edit is not a good singer.

　

　　　 There is no doubt that Sheng Ding is a serious director. In order to shoot "Save My Mister", Sheng Ding not only pulled himself back into the police force to experience life for three months, but also asked all actors to watch the video materials left by the real kidnapping case in Wu Ruofu in 2004. Wu Ruofu, who has faded out of the entertainment circle for a long time, was moved by this sincerity and finally appeared.

　

　　　 Different from many directors in the industry at present, Sheng Ding, who was born as an advertising director, not only personally painted the film, personally wrote the film, but also firmly grasped the editing rights of his own films. Fantasy clips directly cut into reality, and sharp and quick editing is a consistent technique in Sheng Ding’s gangster movies. Long-term cooperation with my old classmates and photographers has also ensured the consistency of the picture. In order to increase the documentary-like realism, this time "Save Mr. Wu" used hand-held photography almost all the time, which further tested the tacit understanding between the director, the photographer and the actors.

　

　　　 Sheng Ding is also one of the few directors with certain musical taste in mainland counterparts. This can be seen from the selection of the soundtrack of the "Tough Guy" series with two old guns in the music world. Sheng Ding even wrote an interesting lyric for the ending song "Love Soldier" and sang it himself. In fact, the ending song "Do you believe in love" of his debut "Make a fuss"? "I also sang it myself (as for how to sing, Xiaobian can only say that it is really not out of tune). In this film "Save My Mister", Sheng Ding selected the film "The Arrogant Colonel" in 2003 with a unique eye. "People are like a feather, life is like weeds, hopeless, humble and proud" as the end of the film, which is really appropriate.

　

　　　 In addition, like many big-name directors, naughty Sheng Ding also likes to play some small roles in his own films — — In "Police Story 2013" and "Save My Mister", Sheng Ding made a guest appearance as a taxi driver twice, and in "Tough Guy 2", he made a guest appearance as a wretched passerby walking a monkey.

Next page: one-on-one hit if you refuse to accept it! Sheng Ding’s Heroic Complex and Tough Man’s Heart