Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Printing and Distributing

Notice of the measures for the administration of employment subsidy funds

Caishe [2017] No.164　　　　

All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, the finance department (bureau), the human resources and social security department (bureau), the Finance Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau:

In order to give full play to the role of employment subsidy funds, effectively implement various employment and entrepreneurship support policies, and improve the safety, standardization and effectiveness of the use of funds, according to the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Employment Promotion Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other relevant laws and regulations, we have formulated the Measures for the Administration of Employment Subsidy Funds. It is hereby issued, please follow it.

Finance and administration department　　　　　　　　　　

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security　　　　　　　　　　

October 13, 2017　　　　　　

Measures for the administration of employment subsidy funds

Chapter I General Principles

the first　In order to implement various employment policies, standardize the management of employment subsidy funds and improve the efficiency in the use of funds, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Employment Promotion Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other relevant laws and regulations.

the second　The term "employment subsidy fund" as mentioned in these Measures is set up by the people’s government at or above the county level, managed by the financial department at the same level in conjunction with the human resources and social security department (hereinafter referred to as the human resources and social security department), and arranged by the general public budget for special funds to promote employment and entrepreneurship.

Article　The management of employment subsidy funds should follow the following principles:

(1) Pay attention to Pratt & Whitney and give priority to it. We will implement the national inclusive employment and entrepreneurship policy, focus on supporting the employment and entrepreneurship of groups with employment difficulties, moderately tilt to the central and western regions and areas with heavy employment tasks, promote the fair employment of all types of workers, and promote the coordinated development of employment among regions.

(two) the combination of awards and compensation, incentive compatibility. Optimize the mechanism design, combine rewards with compensation, and give full play to the enthusiasm of policy enforcement departments and policy targets at all levels.

(3) Easy operation and accurate performance. Improve the operability and accuracy of policies, strengthen supervision and control, and strengthen the management of employment subsidy funds with performance orientation and result orientation.

Chapter II Scope of Capital Expenditure

Article 4　Employment subsidy funds are divided into two categories: subsidies for individuals and units, and subsidies for public employment service capacity building.

Subsidies for individuals and units are used for expenses such as vocational training subsidies, vocational skill appraisal subsidies, social insurance subsidies, public welfare post subsidies, entrepreneurship subsidies, employment trainee subsidies, job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies; Public employment service capacity building subsidy funds are used for employment and entrepreneurship service subsidies and high-skilled personnel training subsidies and other expenses.

If the subsidy of employment subsidy funds for the same project is duplicated in unemployment insurance benefits, individuals and units cannot enjoy it repeatedly.

Article 5　The range of people who enjoy vocational training subsidies includes: children from poor families, college graduates in graduation year (including senior technician classes, preparatory technician classes and vocational education graduates from special education colleges, the same below), fresh junior and senior high school graduates who have not continued their studies in urban and rural areas, rural migrant workers, registered unemployed people in cities and towns (hereinafter referred to as five categories), and qualified enterprise employees.

Vocational training subsidies are used in the following aspects:

(a) five categories of personnel employment skills training and entrepreneurship training. For five types of personnel who have participated in employment skills training and entrepreneurship training and obtained vocational qualification certificates after training (or vocational skill grade certificates, special vocational ability certificates and training qualification certificates, the same below), certain standards of vocational training subsidies will be given. All localities should accurately meet the needs of industrial development and the needs of educated people, regularly publish the guidance catalogue of vocational training needs of key industries, and appropriately raise the subsidy standard for vocational training in the guidance catalogue. Training institutions that advance the training fees for the labor reserve system for fresh junior and senior high school graduates who have not continued their studies in urban and rural areas shall be given certain standards of vocational training subsidies. Among them, rural students and urban low-income family students participate in the labor preparation training, and at the same time give a certain standard of cost of living allowance.

(2) Job skills training for qualified enterprise employees. For five categories of personnel newly hired by enterprises, if they sign labor contracts with enterprises for more than one year, and participate in on-the-job skills training by enterprises relying on their training institutions or training institutions recognized by the government within one year from the date of signing labor contracts, they will be given certain standards of vocational training subsidies to employees or enterprises after obtaining professional qualification certificates. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state to participate in the enterprise new apprenticeship training, technician training of enterprise employees, after training to obtain vocational qualification certificates, to give employees or enterprises a certain standard of vocational training subsidies.

(3) Project-based training for qualified personnel. Local people’s organizations and financial departments can purchase employment skills training or entrepreneurship training programs from the training institutions recognized by the government through the project system, and provide free employment skills training or entrepreneurship training for the unemployed in enterprises with excess capacity in the steel, coal, coal and electricity industries (hereinafter referred to as the unemployed who have gone to capacity) and poor laborers who have set up files. Training institutions that undertake project-based training tasks are given certain standards of vocational training subsidies.

Article 6　Five types of personnel who have passed the initial vocational skill appraisal and obtained the vocational qualification certificate (excluding the training certificate) shall be given the vocational skill appraisal subsidy. For those who are included in the guidance catalogue for the evaluation of vocational qualifications and vocational skills in key industries, the subsidy standard may be appropriately raised.

Article 7　The scope of people who enjoy social insurance subsidies includes: people with employment difficulties and college graduates who meet the provisions of the Employment Promotion Law.

Social insurance subsidies are used in the following aspects:

(a) social insurance subsidies for people with employment difficulties. Units that employ people with employment difficulties and pay social insurance premiums, and units that place people with employment difficulties through public welfare posts and pay social insurance premiums, shall be subsidized according to the basic old-age insurance premiums, basic medical insurance premiums and unemployment insurance premiums actually paid for people with employment difficulties, excluding the part that individuals with employment difficulties should pay. A certain amount of social insurance subsidies shall be given to the social insurance premiums paid by people with employment difficulties after flexible employment, and the subsidy standard shall not exceed 2/3 of their actual contributions in principle. The term of social insurance subsidies for people with employment difficulties can be extended to retirement except for those with employment difficulties who are less than 5 years away from the statutory retirement age, and the rest of the staff can not exceed 3 years at the longest (subject to the age when they first approved to enjoy social insurance subsidies).

(2) Social insurance subsidies for college graduates. Small and micro enterprises that employ college graduates in the graduation year, sign labor contracts with them for more than one year and pay social insurance premiums for them will be given social insurance subsidies for a maximum of one year, excluding the part that college graduates should pay individually. A certain amount of social insurance subsidies shall be given to the social insurance premiums paid by college graduates who have not been employed within one year after leaving school. The subsidy standard shall not exceed 2/3 of their actual contributions in principle, and the maximum subsidy period shall not exceed 2 years.

Article 8　The range of people who enjoy public welfare post subsidies is people with employment difficulties, with emphasis on older unemployed people and zero-employment family members.

Post subsidies shall be given to the people with employment difficulties who are placed in public welfare posts, and the subsidy standards shall be implemented with reference to the local minimum wage standards.

The term of public welfare post subsidy can be extended to retirement except for those with employment difficulties who are less than 5 years away from the statutory retirement age, and the rest of the staff can not exceed 3 years at the longest (subject to the age when they first approved to enjoy public welfare post subsidy).

Article 9　For the first time to establish small and micro enterprises or engage in self-employment, and the established enterprises or individual industrial and commercial households have been operating normally for more than one year since the date of industrial and commercial registration, college graduates and people with employment difficulties who have left school for two years will be given a one-time entrepreneurship subsidy on a pilot basis. The specific pilot measures shall be formulated separately by the provincial finance and human society departments.

Article 10　The range of people who enjoy the employment internship subsidy is college graduates who have not been employed within 2 years after leaving school, and those in hard and remote areas, old industrial bases and national poverty-stricken counties can be expanded to secondary vocational graduates who have not been employed within 2 years after leaving school. To absorb the above-mentioned personnel to participate in the employment internship units, give a certain standard of employment internship subsidies, for the internship units to pay the basic living expenses of the trainees during the internship, to handle the personal accident insurance for the trainees, and to guide and manage the trainees. The trainee probation period retention rate reached more than 50% of the units, can be appropriately raised trainee subsidy standards.

Article 11　For college graduates from low-income families, poor disabled families, poverty-stricken families and poor people who have the willingness to find jobs and start businesses in the graduation year, and college graduates who are disabled and have obtained national student loans, one-time job-seeking and starting businesses subsidies will be given.

Article 12　Employment and entrepreneurship service subsidies are used to strengthen the service capacity building of public employment and entrepreneurship service institutions, focusing on supporting the construction and maintenance of information network systems, public employment and entrepreneurship service institutions and their recruitment activities and entrepreneurial services with universities, giving awards to business incubators, and purchasing basic employment and entrepreneurship service achievements from the society.

Article 13　The subsidy for high-skilled personnel training is mainly used for the construction of high-skilled personnel training bases and the construction of skill master studios.

Article 14　Other expenditures refer to the project expenditures that need to be added with the approval of the provincial people’s governments and in line with the relevant management regulations of the central special transfer payment.

Article 15　The specific standards of employment subsidy funds for individuals and units shall be determined by the provincial finance and human society departments in combination with local conditions on the basis of complying with the above principles. All localities should strictly control the expenditure proportion of employment and entrepreneurship service subsidies.

Article 16　Employment subsidy funds shall not be used for the following expenses:

(1) Expenditure on the construction of office buildings.

(2) Expenditure on the construction of staff dormitory.

(3) Expenditure on purchasing vehicles.

(four) the payment of staff allowances and subsidies and other expenses.

(5) "three public" expenditures.

(six) inclusive finance business guarantee loans (original small secured loans, the same below) discount and supplement business guarantee loan fund related expenses.

(seven) the department budget has arranged expenditure.

(eight) other expenses prohibited by laws and regulations.

Individuals and units in accordance with these measures to apply for subsidies, the specific use can be determined by the applicant or the applicant, not subject to the provisions of this article.

Chapter III Allocation and Release of Funds

Article 17　The central financial employment subsidy funds shall be allocated by factor method.

Distribution factors include basic factors, input factors and performance factors. Among them:

(a) the basic factors are mainly based on the labor force population and other indicators, focusing on the assessment of employment tasks.

(two) the input factors are mainly based on the arrangement and use of local government employment subsidy funds and other indicators, focusing on the assessment of local investment.

(III) Performance factors are mainly based on indicators such as the unemployment rate and the number of new jobs in various places, focusing on assessing the effectiveness of implementing various employment policies in various places.

The factors, weights, methods and the upper and lower limits of the annual allocation of funds can be appropriately adjusted according to the overall employment situation and the focus of work tasks.

Article 18　Local governments can implement project management for the subsidy funds for the training of high-skilled talents in the public employment service capacity building subsidy funds, and local human resources and social departments should prepare medium-and long-term plans for the training of high-skilled talents and determine the key areas of high-skilled talents supported by the region.

Every year, the provincial departments of human resources and social security need to organize experts to review the high-skilled personnel training project to be implemented in conjunction with the financial department. The provincial financial department and the human resources and social security department will give a fixed subsidy according to the review results, and the review results should be reported to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance for the record.

Article 19　The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will issue the estimated number of employment subsidy funds for the next year to the provincial financial and human resources departments before October 31 each year; Every year, within 90 days after the National People’s Congress examines and approves the central budget, the central financial employment subsidy fund budget is officially issued.

Article 20　The provincial finance and human society departments should formally reach the municipal and county finance and human society departments within 30 days after receiving the employment subsidy funds from the central government; Provincial and municipal finance and human society departments shall formally allocate the employment subsidy funds allocated by the government budget at the corresponding level to the lower-level government to the lower-level finance and human society departments within 60 days after the budget is approved by the people’s congress at the corresponding level.

Local financial and social departments at all levels should put forward clear requirements for fund management of the employment subsidy funds they use, and organize and implement various employment and entrepreneurship policies in a timely manner.

Article 21　Employment subsidy funds should be in accordance with the provisions of the Ministry of Finance on the performance target management of special transfer payments, and do a good job in setting, reviewing and issuing performance targets.

Chapter IV Application and Use of Funds

Article 22　Vocational training subsidies shall be paid in advance and by credit. Conditional areas should explore the establishment of personal credit accounts for vocational training for workers, encourage workers to choose training institutions and courses independently, and pay training fees through credit accounts.

Applying for vocational training subsidy funds shall comply with the following requirements according to the specific purposes of the funds:

(1) Five categories of personnel applying for employment skills training and entrepreneurship training subsidies shall provide the following materials to the local social departments: a copy of the Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate (or the Employment and Unemployment Registration Certificate and the Social Security Card, the same below), a copy of the vocational qualification certificate, and an administrative fee bill (or tax invoice, the same below) issued by the training institution.

(2) If a vocational training institution applies for vocational training subsidies for junior high school graduates, children from poor families and urban registered unemployed people who have not continued their studies in urban and rural areas, it shall also provide the following materials: a copy of the ID card (for urban registered unemployed people, a copy of the Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate), a copy of the junior high school graduation certificate, and an application agreement on their behalf; Cost of living allowance application materials for students from urban low-income families should also be accompanied by proof materials of minimum living guarantee for urban residents.

(3) Eligible employees of enterprises applying for skills training subsidies shall provide the following materials to local social departments: copies of professional qualification certificates, bills of administrative fees issued by training institutions, etc. Enterprises applying for new apprenticeship training subsidies for on-the-job employees should provide the following materials: copies of vocational qualification certificates, administrative fees bills issued by training institutions, etc. Before carrying out technician training or new apprenticeship training, enterprises should also report the training plan, roster of trainers, copies of labor contracts and other relevant materials to the local community departments for the record.

(4) If a vocational training institution conducts project-based training for the unemployed who have lost capacity and the poor laborers who have set up their files, it shall provide the following materials to the human and social departments entrusted with the training when applying for subsidy funds: a copy of the ID card, a copy of the vocational qualification certificate, an administrative fee bill issued by the training institution, a training plan and outline, training contents and teaching materials, information of the lecturers, video materials of the whole course, etc. Training institutions should also report the training plan and outline, the roster of trainers and other relevant materials to the local community departments for the record before carrying out project-based training.

After the above application materials have been audited by the human resources and social departments, the training subsidies or cost of living allowance funds applied by five categories of personnel and employees in enterprises will be paid to the applicant’s personal bank account or personal credit account according to regulations; The training subsidy funds for enterprises and training institutions to apply for or directly subsidize training institutions shall be paid to the basic deposit account opened by enterprises and training institutions in the bank according to regulations.

Article 23　Five categories of personnel applying for subsidies for vocational skill appraisal should provide the following materials to the local social departments: a copy of the Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate, a copy of the vocational qualification certificate, and an administrative fee bill (or tax invoice) issued by a vocational skill appraisal institution. After being audited by the human and social departments, the subsidy funds will be paid to the applicant’s personal bank account as required.

Article 24　Social insurance subsidies shall be paid first, and the following requirements shall be followed according to the specific use of funds:

(1) Units that employ people with employment difficulties and small and micro enterprises that employ college graduates in the graduation year should provide the following materials to the local community departments when applying for social insurance subsidies: a list of qualified personnel, a copy of the Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate or a copy of the graduation certificate, a copy of the labor contract, a detailed account (bill) of social insurance payment issued by the social insurance fee collection agency, etc.

(2) Persons with employment difficulties who have flexible employment and college graduates who have left school within one year should provide the following materials to the local social department when applying for social insurance subsidies: a copy of the Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate or a copy of the graduation certificate, proof materials for flexible employment, and a detailed account (form) of social insurance payment issued by the social insurance fee collection agency.

(III) Units that have placed people with employment difficulties through public welfare posts should provide the following materials to the local community departments when applying for social insurance subsidies: a copy of the Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate, proof of the years of enjoying social insurance subsidies, and a detailed account of social insurance payment issued by the social insurance premium collection agency.

After the above-mentioned funds are audited by the human and social departments, the subsidy funds will be paid to the basic deposit account or the applicant’s personal bank account opened by the unit in the bank according to regulations.

Article 25　Units that have placed people with employment difficulties through public welfare posts should provide the following materials to the local community departments when applying for public welfare post subsidies: a copy of the Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate, proof of the years of enjoying public welfare post subsidies, and a detailed account (single) of wages paid by the unit. After the audit by the human society department, the subsidy funds will be paid to the personal bank account of basic deposit account or the public welfare post placement personnel opened by the unit in the bank according to the regulations.

Article 26　Units that recruit unemployed college graduates who have left school for two years to participate in employment internship should provide the following materials to the local social department when applying for employment internship subsidy: list of people who participated in employment internship, employment internship agreement, copy of Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate, copy of graduation certificate, detailed account (single) of basic living allowance issued by the unit, and copy of personal accident insurance invoice for trainees, etc. After the audit by the human and social departments, the subsidy funds will be paid to the basic deposit account opened by the unit in the bank according to the regulations.

Article 27　Eligible college graduates applying for job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies should provide the following materials to the local social departments: proof materials for graduates to obtain national student loans (or poor families who enjoy subsistence allowances, have disabilities, set up files and set up cards, families with poor disabled people, and provide assistance and support in extreme poverty), and copies of graduation certificates (or school registration certificates). The application materials will be paid to the graduate’s personal bank account according to the regulations after the preliminary examination of the graduate’s university is reported to the local social department for examination.

Article 28　The financial and social departments at or above the county level can support the public employment service institutions at lower levels to strengthen the construction of their human resources market information network system through the employment and entrepreneurship service subsidy funds. For the free public employment service undertaken by the grass-roots public employment service institutions and the business incubation service carried out by the business incubation base, certain subsidies should be given according to the workload, professionalism and effectiveness. Public employment and entrepreneurship service institutions and their recruitment activities and entrepreneurship services with universities should be given certain subsidies according to the number of service personnel, effectiveness and cost.

The financial and social departments at or above the county level may purchase the fruits of basic employment and entrepreneurship services from the society according to the relevant provisions of government procurement services, and the specific scope and measures shall be determined by the provincial financial and social departments.

Article 29　All localities should combine the needs of regional economic development, industrial revitalization and development planning and the development of emerging strategic industries, rely on vocational training institutions and urban public training bases with high-skilled personnel training capabilities, build high-skilled personnel training bases, and focus on activities such as high-skilled personnel training, high-skilled personnel evaluation, vocational skills competition, high-skilled personnel curriculum development, and high-skilled personnel achievement exchange.

All localities should give full play to the important role of high-skilled leading talents in skills transmission, skills research, skills inheritance and skills promotion, select outstanding high-skilled talents in the front line of industry, enterprise production and service, build a skills master studio based on their units, and carry out skills inheritance and upgrading activities such as training, research, research and communication.

The specific scope of the use of subsidy funds for the training of high-skilled personnel shall be determined by the provincial finance and human resources departments in light of the actual situation and in accordance with the existing regulations.

Article 30　Local people’s organizations and financial departments at all levels should further optimize their business processes and actively promote online declaration, online audit and online verification. For the information and materials of individuals and units that can be obtained by relying on the management information system or by information sharing and business collaboration with relevant units, the subsidy funds can be directly audited, and units and individuals are no longer required to submit paper materials.

Article 31　The payment of employment subsidy funds shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the financial treasury management system.

Chapter V Fund Management and Supervision

Article 32　Local financial and social departments at all levels should establish and improve financial management rules and regulations, strengthen internal financial management, optimize business processes, and strengthen internal risk prevention and control.

Local people’s social departments at all levels should establish and improve the ledger of employment subsidy funds, do a good job in the basic work of employment subsidy funds use management, effectively identify the authenticity of personnel and units enjoying subsidy policies, and prevent fraud. Implement the relevant provisions of laws and regulations such as government procurement and standardize procurement behavior. Strengthen the informatization construction, timely incorporate the subsidized personnel, project subsidy units, fund standards, budget arrangement and implementation into the management information system, and realize information sharing with the financial department.

Article 33　Local financial and social departments should establish and improve a scientific and standardized performance evaluation index system, and actively promote the performance management of employment subsidy funds. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shall regularly entrust a third party to evaluate the performance of employment subsidy funds according to the employment situation in various places. The local financial and social departments at all levels shall evaluate the performance of the use of employment subsidy funds in the local area, and take the evaluation results as an important basis for the allocation of employment subsidy funds.

Article 34　Financial departments at all levels should speed up the disbursement of funds and reduce the carry-over balance. The human and social departments should actively promote the implementation of employment and entrepreneurship support policies in accordance with the provisions of these measures to ensure the effectiveness of the use of funds.

Article 35　The financial and social departments at all levels should include the management and use of employment subsidy funds in the scope of key supervision and inspection. Where conditions permit, they can hire qualified social intermediary agencies to carry out third-party supervision and inspection, and consciously accept the inspection and social supervision of auditing departments.

Article 36　Local financial and social departments at all levels shall, in accordance with the overall requirements of financial budget and final accounts management, do a good job in the annual budget and final accounts.

Article 37　People’s organizations and financial departments at all levels shall do a good job in information disclosure, and disclose to the public the overall objectives of the annual employment work, the completion of work tasks, and the use of various subsidy funds through local media and departmental websites.

The disclosure of the use of various subsidy funds includes: the name of the unit or the list of personnel who enjoy various subsidies (including ID number), subsidy standards and specific amounts, etc. Among them, the vocational training subsidy should also disclose the training content and the training results obtained; Public welfare post subsidies should also disclose the name of public welfare posts, the establishment unit, the list of resettlement personnel, and the time to enjoy subsidies; Job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidies should be publicized in colleges and universities in the first instance.

Article 38　The financial and social departments at all levels shall establish an accountability mechanism for the "who uses and who is responsible" employment subsidy funds.

Financial, human and social departments at all levels and their staff members who violate the provisions of these measures in the work of allocation, audit, use and management of employment subsidy funds, as well as other violations of laws and regulations such as abuse of power, dereliction of duty and corruption, shall be investigated for corresponding responsibilities in accordance with the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Civil Service Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Administrative Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China and other relevant national laws and regulations. Anyone suspected of committing a crime shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law.

For areas that neglect management and use funds illegally, the central government will deduct their employment subsidy funds for the next year accordingly; If the circumstances are serious, the qualification for obtaining employment subsidy funds in the next year will be cancelled and notified nationwide.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 39　Provincial finance, human and social departments can formulate specific implementation measures for the management and use of employment subsidy funds in accordance with these measures according to the actual situation in various places.

Article 40　These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. The Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Printing and Distributing the Interim Measures for the Administration of Employment Subsidies (Caishe [2015] No.290) shall be abolished at the same time.

　　There was a landslide along the road leading to the disaster area. Zhang Yuhuan photo

　　Zhongxin. com, Hangzhou, September 6 (Zhang Bin) In the early morning of September 6, heavy rain suddenly fell in the western mountainous area of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, causing local disasters. According to the latest official statistics, as of 6: 00 on the 6th, more than 1,300 people have been temporarily transferred and resettled in the local area, with no casualties. The accident caused more than 30 houses to collapse.

　　Rescue scene in the early morning of the 6 th. Photo courtesy of Pingyao fire protection

　　Yuhang official report said that in the early morning of the 6th, the rainfall in the western towns and villages in this area exceeded 170mm in three hours, and 13 reservoirs exceeded the flood season limit, and the local towns of ostrich, Baizhang, Huanghu and Jingshan had great influence.

　　The rivers in the disaster area have a large amount of water. Zhang Yuhuan photo

　　The staff of Yuhang Pingyao Fire Squadron introduced that at 3: 23 on the 6th, the command center of Yuhang Fire Brigade received a report that houses were flooded due to rainfall near the village committee of Xianyukeng Village in ostrich town, and some people were trapped. After receiving the police, the center immediately dispatched fire rescue personnel to the scene for disposal, and after receiving the situation that people were trapped in the direction of Jingshan, additional personnel rushed to the scene to reinforce.

　　The affected houses toppled over. Photo by He Huanfei

　　At 3: 38, rescuers from Yuhang Pingyao Fire Squadron arrived at the scene and found that the road surface was blocked, and then the villagers near the entrance of Xianbaikeng Village were diverted. At 3: 47, full-time rescuers in Huanghu found that the houses in the village were flooded, and more than ten people were trapped. There was a large area of water and rocks on the road surface in the village. Then, the old people and children trapped in the village were carried back to safety one by one in groups, and the villagers’ houses were inspected one by one, and it was found that the villagers immediately diverted them.

　　Due to the timely rescue and transfer, the current heavy rainfall has not caused any casualties. According to official preliminary statistics, among the more than 30 collapsed houses in the local area, there are 2 main houses and the rest are auxiliary houses; The road was damaged by 28 kilometers; 1 geological disaster occurred; The power supply of two roads in ostrich town was interrupted.

　　According to the staff of State Grid Yuhang Power Supply Company, due to the damage caused by heavy rain to some power supply lines, poles were inverted and disconnected in the affected areas, and power outages occurred in some areas. The power sector is making every effort to repair the damaged lines. (End)

　　　　In 2007, Lifan announced seven brand-new models under research, among which only lifan 620 and 320 went on the market successfully, and SUVs were also in full swing to prepare for the market. However, other models announced in the same period almost disappeared. Except for the design drawings of several mid-to high-end cars recently announced, MPV and A00-class minicars were all silent, and the models under planning here have not been completely finalized. The latest declaration shows that Lifan has actually begun to plan the development of coupe models.

Lifan’s new coupe declaration map exposure

　　　　Although there is only a simple declaration picture, its shape is still very biased towards the sports car style, especially the auxiliary air inlet on the side door. Of course, the possibility of the rear engine of this car is not high. If this auxiliary air inlet is not imaginary, it will provide strong cooling air flow for the rear wheel brake disc.

Lifan’s new coupe declaration map exposure

　　　　The front air intake is designed as a pentagonal shield. If the renderings are finalized, it means that the engine will be front-mounted, and the headlights are designed as an equilateral triangle, so as to support the visual lethality of the whole front-end profile.

Lifan’s new coupe declaration map exposure

　　　　The side design of the renderings is too sloppy, giving people a feeling that it is not like a coupe, but more like a toy for naive children. In particular, the top is not in harmony with the curved surface of the first 45-degree renderings, and the slightly rounded top is not reflected in the following picture, while the forward-facing engine room is designed as a semicircle, and the effect is very distorted.

　　　　The rear design is unique, the rear bumper is cancelled, the auxiliary air inlet of the side door is connected with the air outlet at the rear end, and the air outlet is connected with the side car body as a whole, and the idea is very novel.

Lifan’s new coupe declaration map exposure

　　　　According to the renderings, the possibility of mass production of this coupe of Lifan is not too great, and it is not known whether it belongs to the concept car or not, but this set of pictures can give a glimpse of the leopard. Lifan is not limited to the development of cars, SUVs and MPVs, but also has its preliminary plans for sports cars. As for the extent to which it reaches, the stereotypes are all unknown. At present, we can only guess the real intention of Lifan’s model planning with the help of the declared pictures, and perhaps more modeling renderings will be exposed later. Sohu will pay close attention to it.

1. Lifan’s new coupe declaration map exposure

　　　 Extended reading:The lifan 520 Pilot Edition was officially launched at a price of 43,800 yuan.

　　　 Lifan 520 is the first product launched by Lifan Automobile after it entered the automobile market. It has been four years since the first product was put on the market in 2006 in lifan 520, and the models are gradually unable to meet the needs of consumers. Recently, the lifan 520 Pilot, which was unveiled at the Beijing Auto Show, was officially launched. This car has been further improved in terms of body appearance and engine performance adjustment, and its listing price is 43,800 yuan to 54,800 yuan.

Lifan 520 pilotage

　　　　The overall modeling of lifan 520 Pilot Edition draws lessons from the shape of hammerhead shark, and the overall changes focus on the front face, front and rear headlights and bumper. The shield-shaped mouth design on the front face is quite simple and honest, simple and steady. Crystal headlights are set in the appearance of the eyebrow frame, which is more fashionable and tough than the old models.

2010 lifan 520

　　　　In terms of power, lifan 520 Pilot Edition is equipped with 1.3L and 1.6L engines. These two engines have been improved in engine power and structure. This mainly includes three aspects: first, the shape curve and material of camshaft are changed, the opening range of intake and exhaust valves and the valve timing of engine are changed; Secondly, a new spiral air inlet is adopted, and a cylinder is arranged at the same time. The air inlet is composed of an air inlet, a spiral chamber and an outlet of the spiral chamber, and the spiral chamber is composed of a plurality of tangent three-dimensional arcs. Finally, the vortex tumble combustion chamber is updated. Through the improvement, the fuel economy of the whole vehicle has been improved to some extent.

Lifan 520 pilotage

　　　　　The change of the rear of the car is the biggest highlight. The split taillight of lifan 520 Pilot Edition incorporates some fashionable elements, with a U-shape in the middle, and the white light group is particularly eye-catching, which makes the distinction of various active information recognition functions more obvious.

2010 lifan 520

　　　　In addition, the changes in the interior of lifan 520 Pilot Edition are also worth mentioning. The new version of the interior is mainly light-colored, with brown as the keynote and carbon fiber trim, which is full of new ideas.

2010 lifan 520

　　　　At the same time, the application of low-power electronic control technology makes lifan 520 Pilot Edition more fuel-efficient. The body control module (BCM) adopts electronic control technology, which makes it control more objects and has stronger data communication function. The adjustment of circuit harness also reduces the energy loss and improves the utilization rate to a certain extent, and the adoption of a new method of power balance has become an important part of lifan 520 Pilot Energy Conservation.

2. The price of lifan 520 Pilot Edition starts from 43,800 yuan.

Whether it is a fuel vehicle or a new energy vehicle, as long as it meets the needs of consumers, it is a good car. Some netizens left a message and wanted to see it. Today it came. The following small series will tell you in detail.

Let’s look at the appearance of Lifan Maple Leaf 80V first. The shape of Lifan Maple Leaf 80V front is very concise and looks comfortable. Coupled with headlights, the overall look has a certain sense of hierarchy. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, headlight height adjustment, delay closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4706MM*1909MM*1699MM, the car uses simple lines, the car side gives a very dynamic feeling, with large-size thick-walled tires, eye-catching shape. Looking back, the rear of the car echoes the front of the car, the taillights look cool, and the overall shape is still very attractive.

Coming to the Lifan Maple Leaf 80V car, the interior design is more dynamic and makes people feel very delicate. The steering wheel of the car is very atmospheric in shape, and it is equipped with functions such as manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, which gives people an impulse to control it. From the central control point of view, the design of the center console is reasonable, which makes the interior design quite layered and conforms to the mainstream aesthetics. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats again. The car is equipped with a simple dashboard and looks strong in technology. The car uses imitation leather seats, which are wide and thick, and are basically enough for daily use.

Lifan Maple Leaf 80V motor has a total power of 100KW, a total torque of 230N.m and a maximum cruising range of 410km. The cruising range of this electric vehicle is good, and it is OK to meet daily needs.

Lifan Maple Leaf 80V trunk has a good space, and it can also expand the storage space by putting down the rear seats, which is enough for daily use. At the same time, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), main driver airbag and co-pilot airbag.

This car performs well in terms of space and configuration. As for the design, everyone has everyone’s aesthetics. If you are planning to buy a car, then the car above is worth considering.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 2nd　

Joint statement of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of South Africa on establishing an all-round strategic cooperative partnership in the new era

　　At the invitation of the Supreme Leader of President People’s Republic of China (PRC), President Cyril Ramaphosa of the Republic of South Africa paid a state visit to People’s Republic of China (PRC) on September 2, 2024.

　　During the visit, the two heads of state held talks in a cordial and friendly atmosphere and exchanged in-depth views on the further development of China-South Africa and China-Africa relations and international and regional issues of common concern under the new situation.

　　The two sides stated that cherishing the enduring special friendship between the two sides will accelerate the construction of a high-level community of destiny between China and South Africa. In order to further inherit friendship, consolidate mutual trust, expand cooperation and strengthen cooperation, the two heads of state unanimously decided to upgrade bilateral relations to an all-round strategic cooperative partnership in the new era, promote trade balance, accelerate economic transformation and growth and achieve common prosperity on the basis of solid political mutual trust. The two heads of state reached a series of important consensuses.

　　First, accelerate the construction of a high-level community of destiny between China and South Africa.

　　(1) The two sides spoke highly of the leap-forward development of bilateral relations since the establishment of diplomatic ties 26 years ago, and appreciated that the fourth state visit of the Supreme Leader to South Africa in August 2023 led to the "golden age" of bilateral relations and made considerable progress in cooperation in various fields. Under the new situation, the global significance and strategic influence of the relationship between the two countries have been continuously enhanced, and it has become a model of unity, cooperation and joint development between large developing countries and countries in the "global South".

　　(2) China congratulates President Ramaphosa on his re-election. It is believed that under the leadership of President Ramaphosa, the South African government of national unity will achieve greater success in building a United, just, equal and prosperous country in accordance with the National Development Plan 2030, and maintain an independent and non-aligned foreign policy on the basis of the principle of progressive internationalism. South Africa warmly congratulates People’s Republic of China (PRC) on its 75th anniversary, positively evaluates the development achievements made by people of all ethnic groups in China led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), and wishes China to build itself into a powerful socialist modernization country in an all-round way and achieve the goal of the second century.

　　（三）双方将进一步发挥元首外交的战略引领作用，落实两国元首重要共识，发挥各层级结构性交流机制作用，促进互利合作。双方鼓励密切政府、立法机构、地方等各领域各层级交往，持续深化治国理政经验交流互鉴。

　　（四）中方坚定支持南非自主选择的民族团结政策和经济社会发展道路，尊重和支持南非政府为维护国家利益、促进经济发展和改善民生所作努力。南非政府重申奉行一个中国政策，承认世界上只有一个中国，中华人民共和国政府是代表中国的唯一合法政府，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。南非支持中国政府为实现国家统一所作努力。

　　（五）双方认为保障和保护包括发展权在内的人权是全人类共同事业，愿在相互尊重，平等相待，反对在人权问题上政治化、极化、选择性和双重标准的基础上开展人权交流与合作。双方同意反对一切形式的歧视，促进和保护弱势群体，特别是妇女、儿童和残疾人的权利，确保他们平等获得资源。

　　二、推动共建“一带一路”合作与南非国家发展规划深度对接

　　(6) The two sides agreed to strengthen the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Economic Reconstruction and Recovery Plan, continue to implement the China-South Africa Ten-Year Cooperation Strategic Plan (2020-2029), and push the two sides to achieve more substantive results in priority issues in the political, economic and social fields.

　　7. The two sides are willing to give full play to the mechanisms such as the China-South Africa Joint Working Group and the Joint Economic and Trade Commission, and further expand economic and trade exchanges by optimizing the trade structure, increasing market access and expanding the export of South Africa’s high value-added products.

　　(8) The two sides encourage their respective industrial and commercial circles to increase two-way investment, increase manufacturing bases near the sources of related raw materials, and promote the transfer of technical skills and create jobs.

　　(9) The two sides promise to provide a stable, fair and convenient business environment for enterprises of the two countries, and safeguard the safety and legitimate rights and interests of personnel, projects and institutions. The two sides encourage economic and trade delegations to exchange visits and will co-host a new energy investment conference through chambers of commerce and associations of both sides. China is willing to hold a recruitment conference for Chinese-funded enterprises with South Africa to promote local employment and improve people’s livelihood.

　　10. The two sides believe that working together to promote modernization is the common goal of building a high-level community of destiny between China and South Africa. The two sides will deepen cooperation in traditional fields such as agriculture, health, medicine and infrastructure construction, seize the historic opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, focus on key areas such as digital economy, new energy and artificial intelligence, promote cooperation in the development of new quality productive forces, and further expand mutually beneficial cooperation in the fields of renewable energy, energy storage and transmission and distribution.

　　(11) China is willing to further share its experience in poverty reduction and rural revitalization with South Africa, build poverty reduction demonstration villages, and provide support for the coordinated development of urban and rural areas in South Africa. The two sides will continue to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the fields of culture, women, health, youth, education, sports, media, tourism and other humanities.

　　Third, work together to build an equal and orderly world multipolarization and inclusive economic globalization.

　　12. South Africa welcomes China’s leading role in the international arena and recognizes that China’s global development initiative, global security initiative and global civilization initiative are aimed at maintaining global peace and security, promoting economic and social development and promoting global governance reform. South Africa believes that China will attach importance to the primacy of the United Nations and the African Union in promoting these initiatives, and be consistent with the principles and programs such as the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the African Union’s 2063 Agenda. South Africa looks forward to close communication and cooperation with China on bilateral and global issues of common concern, and encourages China to cooperate closely with other big countries in the fields of climate change, conflict prevention and resolution, fair trade and poverty reduction. The two sides welcome and support each other to play a greater role in international affairs, jointly safeguard fairness and justice, and promote global governance in a more just and rational direction.

　　13. The two sides praised the 70th anniversary of the publication of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence held by China this year. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence was established at the Bandung Conference in 1955 and has since become the main goal of the Non-Aligned Movement. The two sides agreed to strengthen cooperation in international affairs and multilateral institutions on the basis of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, jointly safeguard the rights and interests of developing countries and respect national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and jointly safeguard the international system with the United Nations at the core, the just international order based on international law and the basic norms of international relations.

　　14. The two sides support comprehensive reform of the United Nations, including the Security Council, to make it more democratic, representative, effective and efficient, and to increase the representation of developing countries among the members of the Security Council, so that they can fully cope with the current global challenges and support emerging countries and developing countries to play a greater role in international affairs, especially in the UN Security Council.

　　15. The two sides will actively push the issue of development back to the center of the agenda of international cooperation and promote the realization of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China appreciates South Africa’s contribution to the international synergy of convergence and coordinated development, congratulates South Africa on successfully hosting the 15th meeting of BRICS leaders in 2023, and appreciates South Africa’s active role as the presidency to realize the historic expansion of BRICS members. The two sides agreed to continue to strengthen coordination and cooperation in the BRICS cooperation mechanism and promote the "Greater BRICS Cooperation" to achieve more pragmatic results.

　　16. China will fully support South Africa to assume the presidency of the G20 in 2025, congratulate the AU on becoming a full member of the G20, and call on the international community to pay more attention to the priorities of the G20 involving Africa. China is willing to continuously enhance the influence and voice of emerging market countries and developing countries with South Africa, focusing on major issues such as macroeconomic policy coordination, global poverty reduction and development, and reform of international economic and financial institutions, so as to promote a more balanced and stable global economic and financial structure.

　　17. The two sides will continue to uphold the core values and basic principles of the World Trade Organization, oppose "decoupling", resist unilateralism and protectionism, and call for the reform of the international financial system, improve the development financing of African countries and achieve common prosperity.

　　18. The two sides appreciated each other’s respective roles on the Russian-Ukrainian issue, welcomed the consensus document issued by China and Brazil on the political settlement of the Ukrainian crisis, and welcomed the peace mission sent by the African Union. The two sides believe that inclusive dialogue and peaceful negotiations are the only feasible political way to solve the crisis in a lasting way, and call on all parties concerned to abide by the principle of "no spillover from the battlefield, no escalation of the war, and no fire from all sides".

　　(XIX) The two sides expressed deep concern about the serious humanitarian disaster and spillover effects in the Gaza caused by the current Palestinian-Israeli conflict, and called for the effective implementation of UN Security Council resolutions, the immediate realization of a cease-fire and the resumption of the political settlement process of the Palestinian issue. China appreciates South Africa’s active efforts to activate the role of the international community in the conflict in Gaza, and is willing to jointly promote a comprehensive, just and lasting settlement of the Palestinian issue at an early date. South Africa appreciates China’s successful promotion of Palestinian factions to hold internal reconciliation dialogue and sign the Beijing Declaration.

　　Fourth, promote the opening of a new era of building a high-level community of destiny between China and Africa.

　　20. The two sides spoke highly of the success of the China-Africa Leaders’ Dialogue in South Africa in August 2023, and looked forward to the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation fully implementing the "Support for Africa’s Industrialization Initiative", "China’s Plan to Help Africa’s Agricultural Modernization" and "China-Africa Cooperation Plan for Talent Cultivation" proposed by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader.

　　(21) China appreciates that President Ramaphosa will co-chair the high-level meeting on "Industrialization, Agricultural Modernization and Green Development, the Road to Modernization" with Chinese leaders during the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation.

　　(22) The two sides agreed to further integrate the outcome of the summit with the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2030, thus opening a new chapter in China-Africa relations. The two heads of state expect the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation to achieve fruitful results and promote the common development of China and Africa.

　　(23) The two sides spoke highly of the leading and promoting role played by the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in promoting high-quality cooperation between China and Africa since its establishment 24 years ago. The two heads of state wished the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2024 a complete success and hoped that the summit would open a new chapter in China-Africa solidarity and cooperation.

　　24. The two sides called on the international community to support the efforts of African countries to fully implement the Continental Free Trade Agreement and give Africa space to promote integration. The two sides further called on the international community to support the African Union and other regional organizations in their efforts to independently solve African problems (that is, African solutions to African problems) and are willing to strengthen coordination on hot issues in Africa and jointly safeguard peace and security in Africa.

　　(25) During the state visit, the two heads of state witnessed the signing of a number of bilateral cooperation documents, including cooperation in the application field of Beidou satellite navigation system, housing and human settlements construction, deepening bilateral trade cooperation, strengthening exchanges in the field of cultural heritage, foot-and-mouth disease prevention and control cooperation, quarantine and hygiene requirements for South African dairy products exported to China, quarantine and hygiene requirements for South African raw wool exported to China, and scientific and technological cooperation.

　　26. Both sides agreed that President Ramaphosa’s visit to China was a complete success, which was of great significance to promoting the development of China-South Africa relations and building a high-level community of destiny between China and Africa. President Ramaphosa expressed his heartfelt thanks to Chairman Supreme Leader and the government and people of China for their warm and friendly reception during his visit.

With the upsurge of new energy vehicle market, electric vehicles were once known as "the savior of electric vehicles". Many consumers have started this seemingly perfect dual-power car with full expectations, hoping to get rid of the endurance anxiety of pure electric vehicles. However, many car owners found that the extended-range car was far from ideal after actual use. It brings not only the advantages of endurance, but also many headache "hidden problems". What on earth makes the extended-range car a "thorn in the heart" for car owners? Let us uncover the truth behind this "perfect system".

Superficial "Perfect Dual Power": Is it really a win-win situation?

In 2024, the market of new energy vehicles continued to heat up, and electric vehicles attracted countless attention because of their unique "dual power system". By combining the small gasoline engine with the electric system, the extended-range vehicle was once regarded as the perfect solution to solve the short battery life of pure electric vehicles. Its principle seems simple: when the battery is dead, the engine starts to generate electricity or directly drive the motor, which avoids the dependence of traditional electric vehicles on charging piles.

Many people believe that this design makes the extended-range vehicle have the advantages of environmental protection and long battery life, and meets the multiple needs of urban commuting and long-distance travel. However, car owners who have actually used extended-range vehicles have said that the ideal is far from reality.

Some car owners complained: "This car is neither as economical as pure electric vehicles, nor has the long-distance advantage of fuel vehicles. It is really an embarrassing existence." Another car owner also bluntly said: "As soon as the extended range mode is started, the power suddenly drops, which is completely different from the smoothness when the electric car is usually turned on."

"Trap" in Use: New Trouble Brought by Extended Range Vehicle

In a survey of users of extended-range vehicles in September, 2024, more than 60% car owners’ satisfaction with extended-range vehicles dropped significantly after using them for three to six months. Hidden behind this are many problems encountered in the actual use of extended-range vehicles, which far exceed the expectations of consumers.

Complex dual power system.Although the original intention of the extended-range vehicle design is to combine the dual advantages of electric and fuel, it also makes its internal structure more complicated. Many car owners report that the failure rate of extended-range vehicles is significantly higher than that of traditional vehicles. The difficulty of maintenance also increases, because it is necessary to deal with not only the problems of power system, but also the faults of internal combustion engine. This makes the maintenance cost high, which makes many car owners shout "the pit is too deep".

Paradox between energy consumption and cost.According to the theory, the extended-range vehicle should have both the power-saving advantages of electric vehicles and the endurance of fuel vehicles. However, in actual use, many car owners find that the energy consumption of vehicles is higher than expected in both electric mode and extended range mode, which increases the cost of vehicles. Some car owners joked: "This car not only didn’t save me money, but made me spend more money."

"Flexibility" becomes a burden.Although the extended-range car seems to be free to choose whether to use electricity or oil, in actual travel, this "freedom" has become a burden. Car owners need to repeatedly calculate electricity, fuel consumption and charging time, which increases the complexity of travel planning. Frequent mode switching makes driving no longer easy. Some car owners complain: "Every trip is like solving a math problem, which is really troublesome and tiring."

Neglected "Driving Experience": Fatal Shortcomings of Extended Range Vehicles

In the summer of 2024, a well-known car evaluation expert put forward a widely discussed view on social media: "The biggest disadvantage of extended-range cars is not their endurance, but their poor driving experience." These words were quickly recognized by many car owners.

The sense of frustration during power switching.When the battery is exhausted and the range extender begins to intervene, the vehicle often has obvious frustration, as if the driver suddenly stepped on the brake, which affects the overall driving comfort. Many car owners described it as: "It was originally well opened, and suddenly it was like hitting an invisible wall."

The dynamic response becomes worse.In the extended range mode, the dynamic response of the vehicle is obviously reduced, especially when accelerating, and the feeling becomes sluggish and weak. Some car owners vividly compared: "Usually it is like riding a fast horse, but after the electricity is used up, this car is like an old ox that can’t be pulled."

Noise troubles. After the intervention of the range extender, the noise produced far exceeds expectations. The original quiet electric driving experience was replaced by the roar of the engine in the extended range mode, which affected the quiet feeling inside the car. Some car owners said helplessly: "I bought a car for comfort, but now I feel like sitting next to a generator, and my ears are almost deaf."

Loss of driving pleasure. haveAccording to the feedback from the owner, in the electric mode, the extended-range car can bring smooth acceleration and quick driving experience. But once you enter the extended range mode, this driving pleasure disappears. On the contrary, the extended-range car makes the driving experience boring, which has neither the fast response of a pure tram nor the reliability of a fuel car.

The Future of Extended Range Vehicles: Worth Expecting or Thinking Again?

The original intention of the extended range technology is good. It tries to integrate the advantages of electric vehicles and fuel vehicles and provide users with the best of both worlds. However, the reality is that the current application of this technology is not mature and even disappoints many car owners. Some experts in the industry pointed out: "If the power system of extended-range vehicles can be seamlessly switched in the future, it may improve the current problems. But at present, this technology still has a long way to go. " For those consumers who are considering buying extended-range cars, it may be necessary to carefully weigh their car demand.

As a new category in the new energy vehicle market, the extended-range vehicle seems to have solved the battery life problem of pure trams, but its complex dual-power system, energy consumption and maintenance costs, as well as the lack of driving experience, are still shortcomings that cannot be ignored. With the further development of technology in the future, maybe the extended-range car can really become an ideal choice. But before that, choosing a more mature pure electric vehicle or traditional fuel vehicle may bring a better car experience.

After all, what car owners are pursuing is not only to solve the anxiety of endurance, but also to pursue a truly worry-free, money-saving and comfortable car. However, these extended-range vehicles have not been fully realized at present. Will the future extended-range car really "extend" our sense of happiness? Let’s wait and see.

　　In order to promote the pilot project of mortgage loan for farmers’ housing property rights in accordance with the law, According to the spirit of "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Piloting the Management Right of Rural Contracted Land and Mortgage Loan for Farmers’ Housing Property Rights" (Guo Fa [2015] No.45) and "Decision of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on authorizing the State Council to temporarily adjust and implement relevant laws and regulations in 232 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Daxing District in Beijing and 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Jixian County in Tianjin", The "Interim Measures" (Annex 1) and "List of pilot counties (cities, districts) for mortgage loans of farmers’ housing property rights" (Annex 2) are hereby printed and distributed to you, please conscientiously implement them according to the actual situation.

　　Annex: 1. Interim Measures for the Pilot Project of Mortgage Loan for Farmers’ Housing Property Rights

　　2. List of pilot counties (cities, districts) for mortgage loans of farmers’ housing property rights.

　　China people’s bank CBRC CIRC

　　Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

　　March 15, 2016

　　Annex 1

　　Interim measures for the pilot project of mortgage loan for farmers’ housing property rights

　　Article 1 In order to promote the pilot project of mortgage loans for farmers’ housing property rights in accordance with the law, increase effective financial support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of borrowers, These measures are formulated in accordance with policies and regulations such as "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Piloting the Management Right of Rural Contracted Land and Mortgage Loan for Farmers’ Housing Property Rights" (Guo Fa [2015] No.45) and "Decision of the NPC Standing Committee on authorizing the State Council to temporarily adjust and implement relevant laws and regulations in 232 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Daxing District in Beijing and 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Jixian County in Tianjin.

　　Article 2 The term "mortgage loan for farmers’ housing property rights" as mentioned in these Measures refers to a loan that is issued by a banking financial institution (hereinafter referred to as the lender) to eligible farmers’ housing owners (hereinafter referred to as the borrower) with the farmers’ housing ownership and the right to use the homestead as collateral without changing the nature of the homestead ownership, and repays the principal and interest within the agreed period.

　　Article 3 The term "pilot areas" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the counties (cities, districts) explicitly authorized by the Decision of the NPC Standing Committee on authorizing the State Council to temporarily adjust and implement the relevant laws and regulations in the administrative areas of 232 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Daxing District in Beijing and 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Jixian County in Tianjin.

　　Article 4 Where a borrower applies for a loan with the ownership of farmers’ housing and the right to use the homestead as collateral, it shall meet the following conditions at the same time:

　　(1) Having full capacity for civil conduct and no bad credit record;

　　(two) there is no dispute about the ownership of the mortgaged house and the right to use the homestead, and it has the ownership certificate issued by the relevant government departments according to law, which is not included in the scope of land acquisition and demolition;

　　(3) The borrower shall have other long-term and stable living places except the peasant houses used for mortgage, and be able to provide relevant certification materials;

　　(four) the collective economic organization where it is located agrees in writing that the right to use the homestead shall be mortgaged and disposed of together with the farmers’ housing.

　　If the farmers’ houses are mortgaged, the written consent of other co-owners shall also be obtained.

　　Article 5 The mortgage loan of farmers’ housing property rights obtained by the borrower shall be given priority for legal purposes recognized by the lender, such as agricultural production and operation.

　　Article 6 The lender shall make overall consideration of the borrower’s credit status, loan demand and repayment ability, the ownership of the house used for mortgage and the value of the right to use the homestead, and reasonably and independently determine the mortgage rate and actual loan amount of the farmer’s housing property right mortgage loan. Lenders are encouraged to appropriately increase the loan mortgage rate for borrowers who are honest and trustworthy, supported by financial discount, agricultural insurance or farmers’ housing insurance.

　　Article 7 Lenders shall refer to the benchmark interest rate of the same period and grade published by the People’s Bank of China, and determine the interest rate of farmers’ housing property mortgage loan reasonably and independently in combination with the actual situation of borrowers.

　　Article 8 The lender shall reasonably and independently determine the loan term by taking into account the borrower’s age, loan amount, loan purpose, repayment ability and the conditions of farmers’ houses and homesteads used for mortgage.

　　Article 9 Lenders and borrowers can determine the value of house ownership and homestead use right fairly, justly and objectively by entrusting a third-party real estate appraisal agency for appraisal, self-appraisal by the lender or negotiation between the two parties.

　　Article 10 Lenders are encouraged to actively innovate credit products and service methods according to the needs of borrowers, simplify loan procedures, strengthen loan risk control, and comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of loan services. In addition to the loan interest rate agreed in the mortgage contract of farmers’ housing property rights, other borrowing costs shall not be increased in addition or in disguise.

　　Article 11 Both borrowers and lenders shall, according to the provisions of the pilot areas, handle mortgage registration of house ownership and homestead use right at the real estate registration institution determined by the government in the pilot areas.

　　Article 12 If the borrower fails to perform the due debts or needs to exercise the mortgage right according to the circumstances agreed by the borrower and the borrower, the lender shall, in combination with the actual situation in the pilot area, cooperate with the government of the pilot area to dispose of the collateral through loan restructuring, orderly settlement, real estate sale or auction, etc., and the proceeds from the disposal of the collateral shall be given priority by the lender. In principle, the transferee’s scope should be limited to the relevant laws and regulations and the scope stipulated by the State Council when selling or auctioning the mortgaged farmers’ houses.

　　Article 13 The governments in the pilot areas should accelerate the registration and certification of the investigation on the ownership of houses and the right to use homesteads within their administrative areas, and actively organize and do a good job in the formulation of benchmark land prices for collective construction land, value evaluation, collateral disposal mechanism and other supporting work.

　　Article 14 Governments in pilot areas are encouraged to set up risk compensation funds for farmers’ housing property mortgage loans, which are used to share loan losses caused by force majeure such as natural disasters and protect farmers’ basic housing rights and interests during the period of collateral disposal, or to give appropriate interest subsidies to farmers’ housing property mortgage loans according to local financial resources, so as to enhance lenders’ lending incentives.

　　Fifteenth pilot areas are encouraged to provide guarantees for farmers’ housing property rights mortgage loans through government guarantee companies.

　　Article 16 The branches of the People’s Bank of China in the pilot areas should increase the support for re-lending agriculture to lenders who have achieved good results in carrying out mortgage loans for farmers’ housing property rights.

　　Article 17 The banking supervision institution shall make overall research, reasonably determine the calculation rules and incentive policies on the risk weight, capital provision and loan classification of farmers’ housing property rights mortgage loans, and support financial institutions to carry out farmers’ housing property rights mortgage loans.

　　Eighteenth insurance supervision and management institutions should speed up the improvement of agricultural insurance and farmers’ housing insurance policies, and provide credit support for borrowers by exploring various ways such as developing farmers’ housing property rights mortgage loan guarantee insurance business.

　　Nineteenth pilot working groups in each pilot area should strengthen overall coordination, rely on the actual division of responsibilities, and do a solid job in organizing the implementation, follow-up guidance and summary evaluation of pilot organizations within their jurisdiction. During the pilot period, the provinces will form an annual pilot summary report at the end of each year, which should be sent to the pilot steering group in the name of the provincial people’s government before the end of January each year (postponed in case of holidays).

　　Article 20 Branches of the People’s Bank of China shall strengthen pilot monitoring, business guidance and evaluation summary together with banking supervision institutions and other departments. The pilot counties (cities, districts) shall submit quarterly summary reports and policy suggestions, which shall be summarized by the branches above the sub-provincial city center branch of the People’s Bank of China in conjunction with the banking regulatory bureau and submitted to the office of the pilot steering group within 20 working days after the season, and printed and sent to all members of the steering group.

　　Article 21 All banking financial institutions may, in accordance with the relevant provisions of these Measures, formulate the management system and detailed rules for the implementation of farmers’ housing property rights mortgage loans, and send a copy to the People’s Bank of China and banking supervision and management institutions.

　　Twenty-second for farmers’ housing property rights to provide guarantees for others’ loans, can be implemented with reference to these measures.

　　Article 23 These Measures shall be interpreted by the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the relevant member units of the pilot steering group.

　　Article 24 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

　　Annex 2

　　List of pilot counties (cities, districts) for mortgage loans of farmers’ housing property rights

Several departments participated in the on-site emergency repair.

　　Baoshan Bridge Bus Station on Jianguo North Road, near the intersection of the stadium. This section is the bustling commercial street in Hangzhou, and there is a large residential area behind the bus stop.

　　Yesterday morning, just next to this bus stop, in just a few minutes, the road surface collapsed a lot. With the pungent smell, a burst of yellow smoke emerged from the collapse and rose into the sky.

　　The reporter learned from the relevant departments that as of 0: 00 today, the leakage of the subway communication channel has been controlled; About 1700 cubic meters of grouting was injected into the collapsed pavement of Jianguo North Road, which has been basically backfilled, and the deformation of surrounding houses has been initially controlled.

　　site

　　Yellow smoke filled the air.

　　Pavement collapse of Jianguo North Road

　　At about 11: 30 noon, the reporter from qianjiang evening news arrived at the collapse site, which is located on the south side of Baoshan Bridge Bus Station on Jianguo North Road from south to north.

　　The traffic police have taken two-way road closure measures from the intersection of Jianguo North Road Stadium to Fengqi Road, and all motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians are prohibited from entering this section.

　　Near the collapse, the reporter saw that there was still a small amount of yellow dust pouring out continuously, which could smell a heavy pungent smell. The asphalt road to the south of the collapse was covered with a thick layer of yellow dust.

　　Passers-by have left in a hurry, clutching their noses, and the police and community workers are persuading residents to leave at nearby intersections and community gates.

　　At this time, the collapse continues. Qianbao reporter saw that electric cars, bicycles and a tree on the sidewalk parked on the side also fell into the pit with the collapse and expansion, and the side of the bus stop tilted.

　　"Put out the cigarette soon." "There is a gas leak, hurry up." The staff of the gas company constantly reminded.

　　Zhou Lihua, secretary of Donghe Community, told the reporter that after learning about this situation at 11: 40, the community quickly took action: the staff kept reminding more than 400 households along the street with microphones and speakers to close doors and windows, not to use naked flames, and gay men not to smoke.

　　Due to traffic control, Xiao Yaoyi, a fourth-grade primary school student in Liangzhu, Yuhang, was so anxious that he cried on the side of the road. Because the road to the training class was blocked, he didn’t know how to detour and was going to be late for class. Every afternoon, he takes the subway from Liangzhu to Jianguo Road subway station, and then walks north to Canghe to attend the Olympic Mathematics training class, so Qianbao reporter takes him to walk around Donghe Park on the west side of Binhe Square and sends the children to the training class.

　　rush to deal with an emergency

　　Multi-department arrived at the scene for emergency rescue.

　　Unified appraisal of dangerous buildings in 13 buildings

　　After the collapse, the construction committee, emergency management bureau, traffic police, fire control, city investment, electric power and other departments arrived at the scene to participate in the joint rescue of emergency measures.

　　At 11: 14 noon yesterday, the gas group received an alarm. Ten minutes later, the repair personnel confirmed the collapse site. At 11: 37, the three valves of the medium-pressure main pipe and the low-pressure valve on the south side were closed on site.

　　At 12 o’clock noon, cement trucks drove into the scene of the accident, and the construction unit began to inject cement into the collapsed pavement.

　　Some staff members told Qianbao that concrete and cement will solidify after grouting, which can fill the gap below the collapse. On the one hand, prevent the collapse of a larger area; On the other hand, it is also to repair the road surface.

　　At about 6 o’clock in the evening, qianjiang evening news reporter saw that the road surface was almost leveled.

　　Yesterday afternoon, a dangerous building inspection company in Hangzhou began to conduct unified appraisal of these 13 buildings, and a dangerous building appraisal report will be issued as soon as this afternoon. Once identified as a dangerous building, according to the level, whether it needs reinforcement or demolition and reconstruction, it will be handled in strict accordance with the requirements. As for the news that a house around the scene of the online accident has been identified as a dangerous building, it was confirmed as false news after verification.

　　In addition, Qianbao reporter also learned that the accident has no impact on the subway lines already in operation, but the construction period of Line 5 under construction will be affected a little, depending on the rescue progress.

　　cause

　　Leakage occurred during subway construction.

　　Causing the road surface to collapse with gas leakage

　　At 2 o’clock yesterday afternoon, Hangzhou Metro Group held a brief news briefing.

　　Zhao Yi, Deputy General Manager of Metro Group, introduced — —

　　At about 10: 00 a.m. on August 28th, water leakage occurred in the construction of the communication passage between Baoshan Bridge Station and Jianguo North Road Station of Metro Line 5, which led to the pavement collapse of Jianguo North Road (Tiyuchang Road-Fengqi Road Section), accompanied by some gas leakage. City Metro Group immediately organized emergency rescue and closed the roads and personnel of Jianguo North Road (Tiyuchang Road-Fengqi Road Section). The incident did not cause any casualties.

　　After the incident, Dai Jianping, member of the Standing Committee of Hangzhou Municipal Committee and executive deputy mayor, and Miao Chengchao, deputy mayor, immediately rushed to the scene to direct the rescue, start the emergency plan, and organize joint rescue. The Xiacheng District Party Committee and District Government, the Municipal Construction Committee, the Emergency Management Bureau, the traffic police, the fire department, the city investment department, the electric power department and other departments arrived at the scene to take emergency measures for joint rescue.

　　In order to ensure the safety of the surrounding people and buildings, the relevant departments evacuated the relevant residents of Shuyuan Community around the collapsed road surface for the first time. The Municipal Metro Group has strengthened the monitoring of surrounding buildings and arranged a comprehensive investigation of the safety of surrounding communities and underground pipelines. Accident rescue is being carried out in an orderly manner.

　　Qianbao reporter learned from an insider that the most direct cause of the accident was the leakage of the communication passage under construction, and the soil layer above the communication passage lost, which led to the collapse of the road surface.

　　The so-called "communication channel" is a channel set between two subway tunnels. If there is a problem in one tunnel as a whole, pedestrians can move to another tunnel through the connecting passage, and the safety factor will be greatly increased, so it is also called "escape passage".

　　Because the communication channel is connected with the track area (subway tunnel), the leakage water enters the subway tunnel of Line 5 (near the Shuyuan community) from the communication channel. After the incident, the Metro Group took emergency measures to temporarily block the water accumulation area in the tunnel and build a protective wall with cement to prevent water from flowing to Jianguo North Road Station on Line 5 under construction.

　　As for why the communication channel leaks water, the specific reasons are still under investigation.

　　Why is the smoke at the scene yellow?

　　It was windy at noon yesterday, and I could smell the thick smell of "rotten eggs" far away from the collapse.

　　Hangzhou Gas Group told Qianbao reporter that citizens need not worry about this. The main component of natural gas is methane, which is non-toxic and harmless. Because natural gas itself is colorless and odorless, once it leaks, it can easily lead to accidents, so "odor", a vigilance agent called tetrahydrothiophene, is added to natural gas. Once it is leaked, ordinary people can detect it as soon as they smell it, which can improve their vigilance.

　　In addition to the bad smell, yellow smoke billowed at the scene of yesterday’s incident. Hangzhou Gas Group explained: "Due to the leakage of the gas medium pressure pipe, the leaked airflow brought up the yellow sand and dust inclusions in the soil layer, resulting in yellow smoke." (Reporter Bai Jianbin Duan Luo Jun Huang Weifen Yang Yifan Chen Yukai Shi Wenwen/photo)

What do you know about recyclables?

What is recyclable?

Recyclable materials are renewable resources, which refer to unpolluted, recyclable and recyclable wastes in domestic garbage, mainly including waste paper, waste plastics, waste metals, waste glass and waste fabrics.

Details of recyclables

01

Waste paper

Undisturbed paper products, such as cartons, cardboard, newspapers, books, paper, envelopes, advertising leaflets, express packaging boxes, etc.

Pay attention! Pay attention! When you want to throw away the packaging of beverage boxes and milk boxes and let them become garbage, be sure to rinse them clean.

02

Waste plastics

Plastic products without other impurities, such as beverage bottles, mineral water bottles, shampoo and bath bottles, edible oil drums, milk bottles, plastic bowls and basins, foam plastics, etc.

03

Scrap metal

Metal products whose whole or main body is metal, such as cans, metal packaging boxes (cans), pots, kettles, metal tableware, metal knives, metal racks, waste wires, etc.

04

Waste glass

Glass products without other impurities, such as seasoning bottles, wine bottles, vases, glass tableware, glasses, door and window glass, coffee table glass, glass handicrafts, etc.

05

Waste fabrics

Textile products that are not contaminated and have recycling channels, such as clothes, bags, bedding, curtains, etc.

Easily confused items

In life, some items are not recyclable, such as napkins, toilet paper and other water-soluble papers, wet wipes, plastic wrap, disposable paper cups, ultra-thin plastic bags, etc., which should be put into other trash cans.

In addition, some items that can be recycled by themselves should be put into other garbage after being polluted because they no longer have recycling value.

In order to reduce the difficulty of residents’ initial sorting, items that are not clear about whether they belong to recyclables can be put into other garbage first! This is also beneficial to the purity and recycling of recyclables.

Requirements for putting recyclable materials in.

The generated recyclables should be put into the blue recyclable bucket, or put into the intelligent recycling box, or contact the recycling personnel for home recycling. In the community with waste clothes recycling bins, residents can separate the waste clothes and put them in.

At the same time, residents should do:

1, when put should be put down gently;

2. Recyclable materials should be clean and dry to avoid pollution;

3. Waste paper should be as flat as possible, and cartons should be opened and flattened before being put into use;

4, three-dimensional packaging (all kinds of bottles, cans, boxes, etc.) before delivery, should empty the contents, try to clean, squashed after delivery;

5. Recyclable materials that are easily damaged or have sharp corners should be wrapped and put into use.

Cold knowledge of life: you can sell it for money.

Meat waste is recyclable waste.

Garbage classification creates beauty together.

HAN LU

Original title: "Garbage Classification? What do you know about recyclable garbage? 》

Read the original text

　　Zhang pinqiu

　　When each layer of forest is fully dyed, clusters of round hawthorn fruits bloom with red smiles on the branches, adding a joy to the harvest season. Hawthorn is one of the oldest and most common tree species in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, and its fruit — — Hawthorn can also be called a treasure food. Even in some important historical events in the west, it has its shadow.

　　It was regarded as wild fruit for a long time in ancient times.

　　Crataegus pinnatifida is a perennial woody plant of Rosaceae, which is native to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, mostly wild, and has many varieties in Asia, Europe and North America. In China, there are mainly two kinds of hawthorn, namely, South Hawthorn and North Hawthorn, and there are more than 30 varieties, such as sour hawthorn, hawthorn and fat fruit. Generally speaking, Nanshan hawthorn fruit is small and sour, mainly used for medicine; The hawthorn fruit in Beishan is large, fragrant and moderately sweet and sour.

　　Crataegus pinnatifida, which originated in ancient times, was not named by this name at first in China. The "pestle" recorded in Erya two thousand years ago is considered to be the ancient name of hawthorn recorded in the early literature of China. Because in the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen quoted according to Guo Pu, a scholar in the Jin Dynasty: "Erya says: ‘ The tree is like a plum, its son is as big as a finger, and it is red and edible. ’ This is hawthorn. " Hawthorn was also called Monkey Hawthorn and Rat Hawthorn in ancient China, because "monkeys and rats like to eat it".

　　According to ancient records, our ancestors knew that wild hawthorn could be eaten more than two thousand years ago. However, for a long time, hawthorn was only a kind of wild fruit, and it was not cultivated artificially and became the main fruit. There is no hawthorn in the 14 kinds of fruits listed in Zhou Shu and Li Ji, which are "for offering sacrifices and enjoying guests". Hawthorn was mentioned in Guang Zhi, a natural history book written by Guo Yigong in Jin Dynasty. The book said that Hawthorn: "Mu Yi is long, with a variety of salaries and fertile fields." It can be seen that most hawthorn trees were still in the wild at that time, and people occasionally collected hawthorn fruits as food to satisfy their hunger. The main use of hawthorn trees was firewood or fertilizer accumulation.

　　The main reason why hawthorn was regarded as a wild fruit for a long time in ancient times was that it was sour. In fact, the sugar content of hawthorn fruit is more than twice as high as that of apples and pears, but why do people still feel that hawthorn is much more sour than apples and pears, and it is often even "sour"? This is because the content of organic acids in hawthorn pulp is two to three times higher than that of apples and pears. The high content of organic acids dilutes the sweetness of sugar, so hawthorn tastes more sour than sweet.

　　By the Tang Dynasty, the status of hawthorn as a wild fruit had been slightly improved, and it had been given to guests as a local product by the villagers. Liu Zongyuan, a great poet, wrote in the article "Talking with the Twenty-eighth Dean Liu about the old words and feelings, and sending gifts to Lizhou": "My son gives bitter bamboo shoots, and my father gives sour hawthorn." It can be seen that its status at that time was similar to that of bitter bamboo shoots, but it was still far from the good fruits such as peaches, dates and pears. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that Beijing cake made of hawthorn, also known as golden cake, was regarded as one of the "best food in the imperial capital", and hawthorn became a regular fruit.

　　2 Spleen-invigorating and appetizing Beijing flavor food

　　The remarkable improvement of the status of hawthorn has a great relationship with the discovery of the medicinal value of hawthorn by famous doctors such as Zhu Danxi in Yuan Dynasty and Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: "Ancient prescriptions are rarely used, since Zhu’s contribution to hawthorn in Danxi, and then it became an important medicine." The utilization of hawthorn in traditional Chinese medicine mainly uses fruits. Physicians in Yuan and Ming Dynasties found that hawthorn is mild in nature, sour and sweet in taste, and enters the spleen, stomach and liver meridian, which is a good medicine for invigorating spleen and appetizing, resolving food stagnation, promoting blood circulation and resolving phlegm.

　　Hawthorn has a remarkable effect in promoting digestion and resolving stagnation. In TCM clinic, all types of food stagnation, whether it is overeating high fat, protein’s "meat accumulation" or overeating rice and flour "grain accumulation" and "area", can be eliminated by using hawthorn. Relatively speaking, the digestion effect of hawthorn is better for the "meat accumulation" caused by overeating fat and protein. In this regard, there are relevant experimental records in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Boiling old chicken and hard meat, adding a few hawthorn is easy to rot. Then it will eliminate the accumulation of meat, and the cover can be pushed. " Therefore, when we stew meat daily, we add a few hawthorn to stew it together, and the meat is particularly easy to rot. Hawthorn is not only used as a single medicine to treat diseases, but also forms various prescriptions with other Chinese medicines. For the "grain accumulation" and "area" caused by overeating rice flour, hawthorn can be made into fried three immortals or burnt three immortals with malt and medicated leaven, which can digest fullness and belching. In the "Baohe Pill" created by Zhu Danxi, a famous doctor in the Yuan Dynasty, hawthorn is the main component, and it is made into pills with Massa Medicata Fermentata, Pinellia ternata, Poria, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, Forsythia, and Radish Seed, which is mainly used to treat gastrointestinal dyspepsia, nausea, anorexia, food stagnation, abdominal distension and pain caused by it, and constipation. Hawthorn pill, which is commonly used to treat infantile dyspepsia, is also derived from the formula of Baohe Pill.Modern medicine has found that flavonoids in hawthorn can resist free radicals harmful to human body, thus regulating immunity.

　　After more than a thousand years of cultivation, the taste of hawthorn today is far from that of "sour hawthorn" of Liu Zongyuan at that time. In northern China, the mature maslinic acid is sweet and has a unique flavor. When eaten as a fresh fruit, it can be eaten directly to promote fluid production and quench thirst, or it can be made into fried red fruits and Sugar-Coated Berry, or it can be juiced for drinking. There are many forms of dried hawthorn, which can be directly soaked in water as a substitute for tea, and can also be processed into delicious snacks such as hawthorn slices, hawthorn cakes and fruit moutan. Hawthorn cake is also called Beijing cake or golden cake, and Beijing cake and shredded pear is a delicious and refreshing classic cold dish in Beijing cuisine. Various forms of hawthorn products not only enrich people’s taste buds, but also play a certain role in health care.

　　Although hawthorn is good, there are several points to pay attention to when eating. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that hawthorn should not be supplemented, and it should not be taken with ginseng and other supplements at the same time, so as not to offset the nourishing effect of ginseng. People with weak spleen and stomach should not eat more, and healthy people should eat it in moderation. Because of its high acidity, it is best not to eat on an empty stomach. Snacks such as hawthorn slices and cortex moutan contain a lot of sugar, so children, especially those who are changing their teeth, should not eat more. Brush your teeth and rinse your mouth in time after eating hawthorn products to avoid dental caries.

　　Hawthorn trees that influenced western history

　　Hawthorn not only has high edible and medicinal value, but also has high face value. Hawthorn trees bloom in early summer, and the flowers are as white as snow; In midsummer, the foliage is lush and the shade is covered; There are many red fruits in late autumn, and when the snow falls on the branches, it is beautiful. In Europe and North America, hawthorn is a very common greening tree species, and it has also witnessed some major events in the history of Europe and America.

　　Hawthorn trees bloom in May and June, and the flowers have a unique fragrance, with about 15 to 30 flowers in a cluster. Most of the hawthorn flowers in China are white, and most of the hawthorn flowers in Europe and America are pink and red. In Europe, Britain, France, Sweden and other countries, hawthorn flowers are called Mayflowers and hawthorn trees are called Maytrees. In rural Europe, May Festival is celebrated every year. At this time, every household will decorate the courtyard with the branches of hawthorn trees, and people will sing and dance around the "Maypole" to worship the tree god and the grain god, praying for good weather and abundant crops. "Maypole" is a hawthorn tree wrapped with ribbons, symbolizing hope and harvest. In recent years, China has introduced the British hawthorn varieties "Hongyun" and "Hongbaoluo" for flower viewing, and the flowers are bright and dazzling, adding a touch of new color to the early summer of our cities.

　　The leaves of hawthorn tree are edible. In Britain, young leaves in early spring can be used to make salads. The buds of hawthorn can also be eaten. In the English countryside, people call the tender leaves and buds of hawthorn "bread and cheese". The wood of some hawthorn varieties is very hard and very resistant to decay, and it is often used as tool handles and fence posts in rural North America. In carving, hawthorn is also the best substitute for boxwood.

　　The beautiful and practical hawthorn tree is actually very easy to feed. Hawthorn trees grow fast and can blossom and bear fruit in the third year after planting. It has a wide range of adaptation to temperature, and the annual average temperature is between 4.7℃ and 16℃, which can meet its survival needs. Hawthorn tree has strong adaptability, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, barren resistance, good life in neutral or weak acid soil, pruning resistance, extensive management resistance, less pests and diseases, and can maintain good landscape effect even if it is left unattended for many years after planting.

　　Perhaps it is precisely because of the above advantages that hawthorn has a close relationship with some important events in western history. One of the most famous is the enclosure movement during the British industrial revolution, when people used hawthorn trees to enclosure. The British Parliament approved enclosure as a legal act in 1688. During the enclosure movement in the 18th and 19th centuries, Britain planted more than 200,000 miles of hawthorn hedges. One of the important reasons why people use hawthorn as a fence is that hawthorn grows vigorously, has many branches, takes shape quickly, has dense branches and sharp thorns, and is the most ideal fence to resist the invasion of animals and humans. The English name of hawthorn tree is Hawthorn, in which thorn means thorn. Since the enclosure movement, hawthorn hedge has become a natural hedge popular in Europe and America. In the famous Normandy military operation during World War II, French villagers planted a maze-like hawthorn hedge, which almost led to the failure of the Allied action. In 2018, the Commercial Press published a book "The Legend of Hawthorn Tree" written by American writer Bill Vaughan, which introduced in detail the important influence of this ordinary tree species on European and American history.

　　White hawthorn flower

　　thornbush

　　Pink hawthorn flower

　　4 Red fruits with rich meanings in poetry and painting

　　Hawthorn, which has a long history and is widely distributed, has also appeared frequently in literature, painting, songs and movies at all times and in all countries. Due to the different customs and histories of different ethnic groups, the symbolic meanings of hawthorn fruit and hawthorn tree are different in eastern and western cultures. However, with the deepening of globalization and increasingly frequent cultural exchanges, this difference in hawthorn images is gradually becoming smaller.

　　In China’s classical literature, hawthorn, as a wild fruit, is a symbol of tranquility, indifference and unpretentious. A poem "Singing Hawthorn" written by the monk Zhiyi is a typical one: "The branches bend fiercely with the sun setting, and the head is held high in the wind. With a smile in the leisurely years, I am indifferent to the sour fruit of life. " Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, also wrote about hawthorn many times. The most popular one is "Traveling": "When you walk all the way into the valley, you are a donkey to rest in a wild family. Shan Tong bears the burden of selling red fruits, and the village girls pick blue flowers on the fence. Cooking on the bonfire will make a meal, and the spring will cook tea in the afternoon. There is no way to travel, so why not laugh? " The sentence "Shan Tong pays to sell red fruits, and the village girls pick blue flowers from the fence" outlines a colorful and dynamic pastoral scene with the method of line drawing. Lu You has mentioned "red fruit" many times in his poems, such as "red fruits are numerous and green, and they are still sour before frost", describing the hawthorn that is not yet fully mature; "When the red fruit is ripe, the clear shade is gradually becoming", which describes the hawthorn tree planted in your own yard.

　　Hawthorn is a frequent visitor in Chinese painting. Among the flower-and-bird paintings handed down from the Song Dynasty in Shanghai Museum, there is such a picture of a red fruit and a green snipe, which frames the interesting moment when the green-haired snipe flies on the branches of hawthorn. In modern times, people like Qi Baishi, Wu Changshuo, Pan Tianshou, etc. also like to draw hawthorn, so as to express a simple and plain attitude towards life.

　　In modern literature in China, the red hawthorn fruit is a symbol of love. One of the representative works of the poet Haizi is Hawthorn Tree. In Haizi’s eyes, the goddess in his heart lives on the hawthorn tree, and the fiery fruit of hawthorn is as warm as Van Gogh’s sunflower. In this century, The Love of Hawthorn Tree written by writer Amy shows beautiful and pure love, which was later put on the screen by director Zhang Yimou and became a well-known classic love movie.

　　In fact, hawthorn represents love influenced by the Soviet song Hawthorn Tree. This old song spread in China in 1950s and 1960s, and expressed a young woman’s perplexity in the face of two young men who adored her. The song has a beautiful melody and has been covered by many domestic singers. But in fact, the original Russian name of the song is "Sorbus Urals", which was translated into hawthorn tree because it has white flowers in summer and small red fruits in autumn, just like Sorbus Urals, and its popularity in China is far less than that of hawthorn. Later, Chinese people generally recognized this cultural interpretation, and hawthorn became popular as a symbol of love in China literary world.

　　In European and American cultures, hawthorn trees represent thorns and isolation, while hawthorn flowers represent hope. In 1620, in order to avoid religious persecution, more than 100 British Puritans and more than 30 sailors sailed to the New World on the ship "Mayflower", which opened the history of North America. "Mayflower" is hawthorn flower, which indicates a new world full of hope.

　　Extended reading

　　Kangxi and Cortex Moutan

　　When it comes to delicious snacks made of hawthorn, Cortex Moutan is no stranger to everyone. But you know what? It also has a legendary story in the ancient military history of China, which makes future generations sit up and take notice of this ordinary snack.

　　According to records, galdan, the leader of Junggar Department, one of the four Mongolian departments, led troops to annex the other three Mongolian departments, and made several invasions. Emperor Kangxi led a personal expedition to conquer galdan. At the front, in order to prevent information from leaking, the Qing army secretly wrote the information and instructions transmitted between Emperor Kangxi and the important generals in ink on the peony bark, rolled them into cylinders and delivered them by special personnel. After reading the information and secret orders, the generals and relevant personnel ate the cortex moutan and disappeared. In this regard, in March 1697, Gao Shiqi, a poet and calligrapher who fought in galdan with Kangxi, wrote a poem "Fruit List" on his way to Ningxia: "I am red, oily and thin, smooth and light, and my powder and wax are even. When the grass strikes, the military books are still gone, and the mouth is exhausted. " Gao Shiqi wrote in the poem’s self-note: "Hawthorn is boiled for it, which is as thin as paper, even and clean, and can be rolled up, so it is named fruit list, which tastes sweet and sour and quenches thirst." It is said that after reading the poem "Fruit List", Kangxi thought it was very appropriate and praised "Yi Se Yi Wei, Da Xin Da Qing".

　　"Oil fist" and "powder wax" written in Gao Shiqi’s poems are famous high-quality tissue paper names in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty respectively, which are used to describe the cortex moutan used to write intelligence secret orders. It’s not hard to imagine, on the March of camping in the wind, after eating these fruit moutan, not only will the thirsty mouth immediately produce saliva and moisten, but also the operational information and secret orders will be wiped out. At that time, the ink used for writing was mainly made of ash from burning pine trees. This kind of pine ash is also a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, it has the effects of "stopping bleeding, generating skin and treating alloy sores". The so-called "alloy sore" means promoting the healing of wounds caused by metal knives and guns. Therefore, writing military intelligence with cortex moutan and pine ash was really wonderful at that time.

　　Tasty story

　　The origin of Sugar-Coated Berry

　　When it comes to the most popular hawthorn food, of course, Sugar-Coated Berry is the only one. The bamboo stick wears a bunch of hawthorn, dips it in the fiercely cremated ice syrup, and when it cools naturally, it is bright red in the crystal, crunchy, sour, sweet and sticky, which is the unique winter memory of northern children.

　　There is a folklore about the origin of Sugar-Coated Berry. According to legend, during the Southern Song Dynasty, after a banquet, Song Guangzong’s beloved princess suddenly got a strange disease, abdominal pain, tea and rice, and her body became thinner. In the DPRK, all the doctors believed that this was caused by physical weakness, and they used a lot of supplements, but they did not get better. In desperation, the court posted an imperial list to the society to recruit famous doctors for diagnosis and treatment. A walking doctor unveiled the list and went to the palace to treat the imperial concubine. After feeling the pulse, he said, "The imperial concubine’s illness is not serious. Just cook it with hawthorn and rock sugar, and eat five or six tablets every meal." Sure enough, the princess’s appetite gradually improved after eating, and it didn’t take long to restore her former appearance. Later, the practice of hawthorn spread to the people, and the people put it on one by one to make today’s street food — — Sugar-Coated Berry.

　　This edition of pictures: vision china, IC Photo.