Digital reading makes the world of the blind have more "colors"

The reporter investigated the reading problem of blind people in China.　

On October 13th, in an office of the Chinese Braille Library, Yin Menglan was absorbed in her work, and her hands were jumping rapidly on the computer keyboard.

In sharp contrast to the flexibility of fingers, Yin Menglan’s vision is disabled. She is a visually impaired person. It is reading that has promoted the earth-shaking changes in her life: when she was a child, she went to a braille school to study braille and took part in the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination; Now, she works in the Braille library and listens to audio books every day, which not only broadens her knowledge, but also realizes the purpose of entertainment and leisure.

In China, there are more than 17 million people with visual impairment like Yin Menglan. How do they read? Can the booming audio reading meet their reading needs? What can be further improved in the process of reading promotion for the blind? With these questions, the reporter of Rule of Law Daily recently visited the Chinese Braille Library.

Books for the blind have many constraints.

Digital reading came into being.

"The composition of Braille is based on’ Fang’, and each party has six points. Generally, about three parties form a Chinese character. Chinese Braille is composed of initials, finals and tones of Chinese pinyin."

In the Chinese Braille Library, Fan Xingkun, director of the Culture and Education Department of the library, pointed to the Chinese Braille symbol comparison table hanging on the wall and told reporters about the changes in the reading methods of the blind. According to its introduction, since Louis Blair, a French blind man, improved and invented six-point Braille on the basis of night writing in the 1820s, touching Braille has become an important way for blind people to learn.

Teng Hongyu, a staff member in the museum, has been reading by touching Braille for nearly 50 years. He said that visually impaired people can master the coding of Braille through one or two months’ practice, and they can answer what they say and what they say, but it is still difficult to really understand and skillfully read Braille by touching it, which requires a lot of repeated practice.

However, touching Braille is not necessary for all blind people to read.

According to Li Qingzhong, chairman of the China Blind Association, visual disabilities are generally divided into two categories: blindness and low vision. Blindness means blindness, and the eyes cannot feel a little light; Although low vision can’t see clearly, it can feel a glimmer of light, not completely dark.

"Braille is necessary for people who are completely invisible; For people with low vision, in addition to reading special Braille books, you can also read big books. " Li Qingzhong said.

Although Braille books can meet the reading needs of some visually impaired people, paper books have certain limitations. The reporter saw in the Braille library that blind documents are bigger and thicker than ordinary books.

In this regard, Fan Xingkun explained that generally more than 200 Chinese characters are converted into Braille, which may take up one page. After a very thin Chinese reading material is made into a Braille book, the volume will increase a lot, and it is not convenient to store and carry. Moreover, there are special requirements for the pulp and production technology of braille paper, so as to ensure that the blind spots are clear and unbreakable and can withstand repeated touching and reading by blind people. Compared with ordinary books, editing and proofreading processes and printing processes also consume more time and cost.

How to solve the problem? The development of Internet provides more possibilities for blind people to read.

In recent years, with the development of information technology, digital reading has developed faster and faster, providing more and more convenience for visually impaired people.

He Chuan, vice chairman of China Blind Association and director of the Information Accessibility Center of China Braille Library, told reporters that at present, visually impaired people can listen to electronic texts such as Word, TXT and PDF besides audio books. "There are also several ways to listen, such as installing screen reading software on the computer and listening to the sound of screen reading to operate the computer; The book-listening machine designed by China Braille Publishing House can read electronic texts at any time. You can also use your smartphone to listen to audio books. " He Chuan said.

In the reading room of Braille Library, the reporter saw the latest intelligent reading machine. It is like a small mobile phone, which can be recharged or put into a battery, and can be used after activation. It also has a network download function, from which blind readers can obtain massive reading resources.

According to Park Dong-sook, deputy director of the Collection and Lending Department of China Braille Library, these reading machines can be borrowed and mailed to blind readers all over the country for free. According to Park Dong-sook’s explanation, the reporter operated for the first time when the reading machine was completely black, and soon found the desired online book resources, which was very convenient and fast.

Digital reading is convenient and fast.

Full promotion has encountered bottlenecks.

In fact, as early as September 2017, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, the Ministry of Finance, the China Disabled Persons’ Federation and other departments jointly launched the "Digital Reading Promotion Project for the Blind", including the construction of a platform for the integration, publication and dissemination of reading for the blind; Relying on 400 public libraries, lend 200,000 intelligent reading machines to the blind for free; Relying on 100 educational institutions for visually impaired readers, 1,000 Braille computers and electronic displays are lent to the blind free of charge.

It is obvious that digital reading for the blind brings convenience to the visually impaired.

Teng Hongyu has a soft spot for music, and usually likes reading books on music, but there were few books in Braille in China before. He borrowed Braille music scores from foreign national libraries by writing letters. Because Braille music scores are universal in the world, there is no obstacle to reading them. "Nowadays, digital reading has opened up many platforms and can be read at any time."

Yin Menglan found new fun in life by listening to audio books. Every day after work, she uses her smart phone to open audio books and listen to novels. "Life is much richer."

Pan Jiang, who is also engaged in proofreading in the Braille library, relaxes by listening to novels with audio books. However, if he wants to read professional books, he is still used to reading blind documents. "Our touch is equivalent to the sight of a discerning person. Through reading, I learned a lot about psychology and solved many specific difficulties in daily life. "

However, at present, there are still some problems in the practice of digital reading promotion for the blind, and the first problem is copyright.

"Blind people can’t enjoy equal copyright. For example, if a blind person buys a book in a bookstore, it is no problem to find someone to translate the book into Braille, but if it is to be translated into an audio version, it must be authorized by the other party. " He Chuan said.

Fortunately, China has signed the Marrakesh Treaty, which requires the contracting parties to add provisions in their domestic laws, set restrictions and exceptions on the rights of copyright owners, and allow the reproduction, distribution and provision of accessible formats of published works, such as Braille, audio and electronic texts. He Chuan told reporters that China’s copyright law has been revised to suit the above-mentioned relevant provisions, and the time for the treaty to come into effect in China is getting closer and closer. "In the future, more and more books can be made into audio books and large-character editions, which is a real cultural blessing for the blind.".

He Chuan also mentioned that in the process of full coverage or equalization of public cultural services in different places, there may be unbalanced resource allocation. For example, all the public libraries in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have their own reading rooms for the blind, but in some relatively small and remote cities, the hardware measures are not in place, or there is only one physical space, and the service concept has not kept up.

On the other hand, through field research in Li Qingzhong, it is found that although some local Braille libraries and reading rooms for the blind are equipped with book resources and related auxiliary equipment, there are only a handful of visually impaired readers. How to attract more visually impaired readers through quality service is the answer that these places are exploring.

He also pointed out that inconvenient travel is also a realistic reason for the lack of motivation for blind people to go to Braille libraries or reading rooms.

Explore and solve problems in many places

Guarantee the reading rights of the blind.

How to solve these difficulties? In Fan Xingkun’s view, reading habits need to be cultivated. If you want to attract blind people to read, it is of little benefit to shout slogans and say that only by finding a way suitable for blind people to read can you really attract them.

The Chinese Braille Library has actively explored this aspect. After in-depth investigation, the relevant staff members have learned about the cultural needs of blind readers, planned various cultural salon activities such as famous lectures, "natural history tour", Taoran reading club, literature and art exhibition, organized cultural and educational activities such as Braille, computer, music, recitation, massage, interest groups for blind children, summer camps for blind children, and carried out information application, digital reading promotion, life skills, calligraphy and painting for the blind. Up to now, the Braille Library has attracted an average of more than 30,000 people to participate in various cultural activities every year.

In order to protect the reading rights of the blind, various localities have also launched actions.

Gansu Provincial Library has set up a reading service center for the disabled in Gansu Province and a reading room for braille and blind audiobooks to provide reading and lending services for visually impaired readers. When the library of Luxi County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province was upgraded, it specially set up a children’s reading center to provide more comfortable reading space for minors and blind people. Shanxi Province has purchased 5,000 "intelligent listening machines", which blind readers can borrow for free …

In the interview, the reporter felt that with the continuous development of digital reading promotion for the blind, more and more blind readers fell in love with reading. Convenient reading methods have opened a door of knowledge for blind readers, and since then, the road ahead of them has become wider and their world has become more "colorful".

Cross-border e-commerce is an opportunity. Thanks to the rapid rise of Internet business, more and more people have recognized online shopping. The rules of online shopping platform have been greatly improved to standardize the online transaction process. Governments have also seen the future economic development direction and encouraged enterprises to invest resources to develop Internet infrastructure and logistics facilities. In short, cross-border e-commerce has become an indispensable part of global business.

1. What impact does cross-border e-commerce have on global business?

Cross-border e-commerce can become the representative of Internet business, which has had an unimaginable influence on global trade for a long time. Just as there were basically no imported products in China before, few people were able to use imported products, but the trend of economic globalization began in the 1980s, and foreign capital and products entered the markets of various countries at will, enriching the lives of local people. However, the traditional trade route was difficult, and because of the high tariffs, It is also necessary to pay value-added tax and consumption tax. Many imported products have become luxury goods overnight, but they have changed hands from cheap products to luxury goods through multiple companies. This trade method is only suitable for brand channel providers, and enterprises that do not need special channels can completely benefit consumers, so that products can truly become the welfare of consumers.

The emergence of the Internet in the 1990s has enabled business to find a new platform, and business can be done all over the world quickly.

What impact does cross-border e-commerce have on global business?

First, cross-border e-commerce has turned "global selling, global buying" from a myth into a reality. Good business actually means that the more convenient it is, the more development potential it has. Cross-border e-commerce can make it easy for people living in Britain to buy goods made in the United States on the other side of the ocean without leaving Britain, and it can make it easy for people living in the United States to buy goods made in China without leaving the United States. Besides global buying, they can also sell French-made perfumes and cosmetics to the United States through cross-border e-commerce. You can also sell clothes made in China to the UK through cross-border e-commerce, and cross-border e-commerce uses the Internet to efficiently sell goods from manufacturing countries to demanding countries, thus realizing long-distance and high-efficiency trading.

Second, the rise of cross-border e-commerce has given birth to a number of emerging cross-border industries. In particular, the global logistics industry has developed rapidly. Cross-border e-commerce does not exist independently. It needs industrial support, such as delivering goods to foreign customers and passing through international logistics. The fastest way of international logistics is air transportation, which requires customs declaration in the destination country and finally delivery to customers. Logistics plays an important role in cross-border e-commerce transactions, as well as cross-border payment. It can ensure the safety of foreign customers’ funds and sellers’ funds, as well as intellectual property certification services. Trademark registration and VAT tax number registration are indispensable for cross-border e-commerce business. Certification must be done before platform stores operate to protect their brands from infringement. These emerging cross-border industries have developed very rapidly, thus continuing to promote the development of cross-border e-commerce.

Third, the rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce has brought tax revenue to governments all over the world, and also solved a large number of jobs, especially young people are very fond of Internet careers. In the past five years, the global cross-border e-commerce transaction volume has shown double-digit growth, especially some manufacturing countries have made great profits during the development period of cross-border e-commerce. Some mainstream cross-border e-commerce platforms such as Amazon, eBay, wish and AliExpress have great market environment potential, and manufactured products in underdeveloped areas can use these cross-border e-commerce platforms to obtain high profit returns.

2. What are the global policies for cross-border e-commerce?

The emergence of cross-border e-commerce is not only the result of market choice, but also the result of governments’ efforts to encourage the development of cross-border e-commerce. Without the platform technology of cross-border e-commerce, there would be no well-being of people around the world. Let’s take a look at how some mainstream market countries in the world develop cross-border e-commerce. Xiaobian has classified and summarized:

(1) On May 16, 2013, the United States passed the Market Fairness Act, which levied sales tax on cross-border e-commerce buyers. No tax was levied on goods below $200, and States levied sales tax on online retailers with annual sales of more than $1 million, and exempted tariffs on online transactions of intangible goods. These tax policies are encouraging local enterprises to actively develop cross-border e-commerce.

(2) Britain’s import declaration policy is loose. In Britain, which is in the predicament of Brexit, the British government encourages goods from other countries to transit to Britain. According to the Daily Mail survey, 80% of British netizens often shop online. The British government attaches great importance to the development of its own e-commerce market.

(3) In 1998, the European Union began to levy value-added tax on e-commerce and business tax on suppliers who provide online sales and services. In 1999, the European Commission announced the tax standards for online transactions, and no new tax or additional tax was levied. The European Union has formulated a tax system since the rise of e-commerce, without increasing the tax burden on online retailers.

(4) In 1998, Japan announced the basic guidelines for e-commerce activities, emphasizing the principles of fairness, tax neutrality and tax simplification in taxation to avoid double taxation and tax evasion.

(5) On March 7, 2015, the State Council agreed to set up China (Hangzhou) cross-border electronic commerce Comprehensive Experimental Zone, and on January 6, 2016, the State Council set up a number of cross-border electronic commerce Comprehensive Experimental Zones in 12 cities including Ningbo, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hefei, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Dalian, Qingdao, Shenzhen and Suzhou. On August 7, 2018, the State Council established cross-border electronic commerce Comprehensive in 22 cities including Beijing, Hohhot, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin, Nanjing, Nanchang, Wuhan, Changsha, Nanning, Haikou, Guiyang, Kunming, Xi ‘an, Lanzhou, Xiamen, Tangshan, Wuxi, Weihai, Zhuhai, Dongguan and Yiwu. Up to now, 35 cross-border electronic commerce pilot zones have been set up in China, which is enough to show the support of the China government for cross-border e-commerce.

Third, what magical commercial power does Amazon have to achieve the largest platform for cross-border e-commerce

The development of Amazon is a shortened history of e-commerce in the world, catching up with the emerging Internet. Apart from the promotion of the Internet tide, there are also Amazon’s own reasons. Let’s talk about what magical business power Amazon has to achieve the largest platform for cross-border e-commerce, such as:

(1) The founder of Amazon has a unique vision and sees opportunities for e-commerce to surpass physical business in the future. Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, just started his business and chose to use the Internet to sell books. Because books are a standard commodity, they are very suitable for online sales, so books have become a golden key to open the online retail market. At that time, Bezos saw that the online book market was far greater than the physical book market, and dared to make a bet to develop the online book retail market.

(2) Amazon saw the value of the Internet virtual community earlier, allowing sellers and buyers to communicate on the e-commerce platform, so that they could evaluate the goods. Later, the Prime membership system evolved, which greatly protected the rights and interests of online shopping users and spread the reputation of Amazon.

(3) Amazon saw the potential of cloud computing and the essence of Internet business during the period of platform growth. The platform must rely on powerful cloud service capabilities and ensure the security of every transaction. Amazon’s Excellence in technology has enabled Amazon to become the world’s largest e-commerce platform. (Source: Everyday Cross-border)

The above content belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hugo’s position! This article is reproduced with the authorization of the original author, and it needs the authorization and consent of the original author.

　　　 [Original Truck House] With the increasingly fierce competition in the domestic industry, various car companies have successively launched their own flagship brands in recent years. As a member of the heavy truck industry, I finally can’t make more tricks in the cab of Isuzu. So it came into being.

　　　 In fact, Ou Man GTL imitated it, and everyone knows this. We don’t have to judge whether it is good or not too much. After all, domestic car companies basically do this. As users, we pay more attention to the effect of use, and expect Ou Man GTL to give us a perfect answer.

　　　 In this article, we will show Ou Man GTL to you in more graphic ways. Please pay attention to other contents of Truck House about Ou Man GTL.

●　 The meaning of GTL in Ou Man

　　　 The three letters of GTL contain many meanings, such as "Global Technology Leader" (that is, world technology leader); It can also be interpreted as "Green Transport Landmark" (that is, a milestone of green transport); It can also be understood as "Gas To Liquid" (that is, natural gas synthetic oil, also known as "green dye"), but these explanations are not completely correct. In the special issue of the Mid-year Business Meeting in Ou Man, the product positioning and brand meaning of GTL were introduced in detail.

Ou Man GTL Product Positioning and Brand Meaning

●　 Ou Man GTL Appearance: Inheriting Ou Man Family Face.

　　　 As early as 2003, Ou Man began to design a new generation of cab. After seven years, Foton Motor made its debut in the GTL of Ou Man at the 2010 Beijing Auto Show. From the renderings to today’s production cars, it has made a qualitative leap. At last year’s annual meeting in Ou Man, we learned that Ou Man GTL cab can be divided into two types: flat floor cab and stepped floor cab. In addition, there is a single-row, flat-topped daytime cab. We only introduce the Ou Man GTL of the stepped floor cab here.

　　　 1. The air intake grille is upgraded without losing the family blood.

　　　 The air intake grille follows the style of Ou Man family, strengthens the brand characteristics, and is very harmonious as a whole, tough and delicate.

　　　 2. The new LOGO is more recognizable.

　　　 Ou Man GTL launched the brand-new LOGO of Foton Motor. From the appearance, the new LOGO is more distinctive and the recognition from a long distance has been improved a lot.

　　　 3. Bumper design is not well thought out

　　　 The drag hook is hidden behind the license plate frame, and the license plate can be turned down when in use; Only the lower pedal on the front bumper can stand people, and it has also been treated as anti-skid, while the upper pedal has not been treated at all. This makes it difficult to wipe the glass in daily driving.

　　　 4. Headlights with electric adjustment are rare.

　　　 GTL lighting in Ou Man adopts integrated headlights with lenses. It is commendable that its headlights have adjustable function, and the driver can adjust the illumination height of the lights inside the cab according to the weight of the cargo. This is the first time for domestic commercial vehicle manufacturers.

　　　 5. The front mask opening device has mixed opinions.

　　　 The opening device of Ou Man GTL front face mask is set on the front face, which means that the face mask can be opened without being in the cab. There may be different opinions about this design. However, Xiao Bian believes that even if it is opened, there is nothing to steal.

　　　 6. Modular design of pipeline layout-simplicity

　　　 When the mask is opened, it can be seen that the pipeline layout of GTL in Ou Man is in accordance with the modular design, and the cab adopts a four-point suspension airbag body suspension system to ensure the driver’s comfort during driving. Of course, the cab intake filter device, as a high-end model, is indispensable.

　　　 7. With a chrome-plated cover on the whistle, Fukuda is very kind.

　　　 The whistle is overhead, and a chrome-plated cover is added at the front end of the whistle, which also shows Ou Man’s "kindness" in workmanship. Its function is to prevent mosquitoes and rainwater from entering the whistle.

　　　 8. Ou Man GTL original fairing is quite powerful.

　　　 I feel that the work and quality of the spoiler components assembled on GTL in Ou Man are quite reliable, so I have specially "studied" them. The side plate of the spoiler can be folded inward, which is convenient for the driver to board the workbench for maintenance and operation.

●　 Ou Man GTL Interior: "Salute" to Mercedes-Benz Actros

　　　 Compared with the previous generation, the cab of GTL in Ou Man has been greatly improved in terms of internal space and comfort. Its interior is basically referenced, but some minor changes have been made in local positions. If it weren’t for the sign of Ou Man on the steering wheel, I would really think I got into an "improved" Actros. Let’s first test you with two pictures.

　　　 From the picture above, can you tell me which one is Ou Man GTL? Let me tell you, yes, it’s the picture on the left.

　　　 1. The cab layout imitates Mercedes-Benz Actros.

　　　 The main color of the cab is dark gray, and the local position is decorated with silver. Although the divisions of various functional areas have been slightly modified, it can still be seen that this is a replica of Mercedes-Benz Actros. If it weren’t for Fukuda’s LOGO on the steering wheel, I really thought I got into a Mercedes-Benz Actros.

　　　 2. High-end models can choose multi-function steering wheel.

　　　 The four steering wheels are designed with reference to Mercedes-Benz Actros, but the LOGO in the middle is changed to Fukuda’s. The steering wheel can be adjusted in four directions, and high-end models can also be equipped with a multi-function steering wheel, which can realize functions such as cruise control and volume increase and decrease of car stereo.

　　　 3. The top design is remarkable

　　　 A storage box, a player and some control buttons are designed in the front position inside the cab. As the flagship brand of Futian heavy truck, a skylight with insect-proof net is indispensable.

　　　 4. Standard (optional) airbag cushion seat to improve driving comfort.

　　　 The seat adopts airbag shock absorption, and the cab is suspended at four points. The driver’s driving comfort should be greatly improved, because it has not been measured and we are not sure. The right area of the seat is the gear lever and the parking brake operating switch.

　　　 5. The key layout is within reach.

　　　 The control buttons on the panel are all within reach, and the driver’s left-hand area is mainly designed with light height adjustment and backlight switch; The upper area on the driver’s right hand side is mainly composed of air conditioning knobs and control buttons; The lower area is the storage box and the cup holder.

　　　 6. The door design is simple, which improves the comfort of the legs when driving.

　　　 The lower part of the door is "clean" and there are not so many complicated settings, which makes the driver’s leg position more comfortable when driving. The driver’s door armrest integrates electric glass control, central locking, rearview mirror adjustment button, and high-end models are also equipped with mirror preheating function. The air outlet is spherical and can rotate 360 degrees or be completely closed.

　　　 7. Equipped with two power output interfaces with different voltages.

　　　 At the top of the center console, a trapezoidal storage box is designed, which can usually put some sundries. The air outlet and sundries box of the air conditioner are designed in the middle position, while in the lower position, besides the storage box, there are two power output interfaces with output voltages of 12V and 24V respectively.

　　　 8. Sleeper has more storage space.

　　　 As a driver’s other home, it is also important to rest during daily driving. Ou Man GTL high-top cab adopts double-deck sleeper. The left and right sides of the sleeper are equipped with storage boxes, reading lights and air conditioning outlets. The left side of the sleeper (driver’s side) is also equipped with keys such as cab light switch and air conditioning adjustment. The lower berth is divided into three independent storage boxes with partitions to facilitate the placement of tools.

　　　 9. The interior space is very spacious.

　　　 Ou Man GTL also has a major feature, and the drop of its internal stepped floor is very small. That is to say, the internal space is much larger than that of other domestic stepped floor models.

●　 Introduction of GTL chassis in Ou Man

　　　 The previous Fukuda Ou Man series models have always had the reputation of "no major faults, but no minor faults". Whether the appearance of GTL in Ou Man will change the brand image of Foton Ou Man Car Department is still unknown, and it is not easy to jump to conclusions. However, I am looking forward to Ou Man GTL giving us a good answer.

　　　 1. We will introduce some of them to you after the new car comes on the market.

　　　 2. The functional areas of the chassis are arranged compactly.

　　　 The Ou Man GTL we saw at the meeting place today is designed with a lightweight chassis. The front and rear steel plates are made of few leaf springs, and the front and rear axles are equipped with transverse stabilizer bars. The exhaust pipe, air storage tank, storage battery and urea tank are unknown from front to back on the left side of the car body; The right position is equipped with a largeCapacity fuel tankIt is worth mentioning that Ou Man GTL fuel tank is equipped with an independent heat source system, that is, a diesel boiler. Unfortunately, the oil-fired boiler assembled by GTL in Ou Man can only provide heating for the cab, but it cannot realize the preheating function of the water circulation system.

　　　 3. Saddle is adjustable and pipeline protection is in place.

　　　 The reserved hole on the girder allows the user to adjust the position of the saddle according to the requirements. The layout and protection of each pipeline are also in place.

●　 Editor’s note:

　　　 I believe there will be many different voices when Ou Man GTL goes public. However, judging from the appearance and interior design we saw today, the design of Ou Man GTL still took a lot of effort, and there is no complete "painting a tiger according to a cat". From the point of view of exterior modeling and interior coordination, it has greatly improved compared with previous Ou Man series models. However, we are more concerned about the performance of Ou Man GTL in future use. I hope this answer sheet can give us a satisfactory answer.

　　　 What do you think of GTL in Ou Man? Welcome to discuss with us.

　　No ability to coach, no time to coach, neither time nor ability to coach.

　　This spring, primary and secondary school students all over the country experienced a great learning migration. Once lively playgrounds and classrooms were silent, familiar deskmate teachers met online, and familiar blackboard books became electronic courseware.

　　With the arrival of the new semester, it is foreseeable that online classes will change from "freshness" to "new normal". From the first online course in Beijing 101 Middle School in 1996 to the present, all primary and secondary school students in China are online, and online education has been growing and popularizing. But at the same time, people also put forward higher requirements for online education. Online education also needs "self-evolution" on how to take educational value as the cornerstone and make full use of new technologies to improve students’ efficiency and reduce burdens.

　　"Self-evolution" of Good Teachers: From Fuzzy Experience to Accurate Data

　　What is a good teacher? The standards of each era are not the same.

　　In the past, a good teacher must have a solid classroom foundation and rich teaching experience. Grading homework and grading papers all the year round, so that they can walk the rivers and lakes with years of experience like old Chinese medicine practitioners. But in the era of online education, everything is changing gradually.

　　In the eyes of Liu Chang, the principal of the online school of learning together, students’ learning data has become the key to driving the whole teaching process. In the past, famous teachers relied on years of teaching experience, and one or two students could teach accurately according to their children’s learning characteristics. But once the number of students in the class is large, it is difficult for teachers to train according to the characteristics of each student. As a result, some children "do not have enough to eat" and some "can’t digest" in class.

　　"To a certain extent, this situation forces parents to sign up their children for off-campus training institutions."

　　Liu Chang believes that in order to solve the above problems, we must use information technology. Let each student learn data to form a user portrait, which is the key to drive the whole system to learn and improve continuously. Students produce a large number of data records in the daily learning process. Offline data can also be converted into online data through technologies such as photo correction and oral evaluation, and then analyzed through artificial intelligence technologies such as deep learning and data mining, so as to grasp the real learning situation of students.

　　Liu Chang believes that only when students learn data to drive real accurate teaching and bid farewell to "experiential" teaching can we truly "teach students in accordance with their aptitude".

　　In the front line of education, informatization has gradually penetrated into all aspects of learning. In the summer school of online school together, before each class starts, the lecturer will click on the students’ learning situation report to check the students’ weaknesses, and then design the specific content of this class to ensure targeted one-on-one explanation. After-class exercises will also be personalized according to the characteristics of students, so as to truly understand and master.

　　Obviously, a good teacher in the new era will gradually move from experience-based to data-based, and how to make better use of this information system and design a learning path for his students will become a standard to define a good teacher in the future.

　　"Self-evolution" of Good Tutoring: From Supervisor to Learning Companion

　　The parents of a student at Chengguan Primary School in Ganxian District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, have been running around for work all the year round. When he was young, he suffered from a low level of education, and he was unwilling to let his children go back to their old ways.

　　"Double-income workers like us have no time for counseling, and in the senior grades of primary school, I can’t do many questions. How can I help? Who will coach? " The parent said with emotion.

　　According to survey data, in China families, the difficulties parents encounter in their children’s extracurricular tutoring can be roughly divided into three types: no ability to tutor, no time to tutor, and neither time nor ability to tutor.

　　In essence, the tutor of the online school plays the role of the subject head teacher, taking the students to preview before class, following the students in class, and writing down the difficult points that the students feedback in the chat area. Although there is no need to make courseware, the tutor must also go deep into the subject system, knowledge points and test sites.

　　After class, the tutor can see the progress and accuracy of the exercises submitted by students in real time through the background, and give solutions to the weaknesses of different children.

　　How to be targeted and personalized? To this end, the online school of learning together launched the "Bian Que System" this year, which uses big data tools and teaching evaluation to make a systematic analysis of students’ homework, weekly test, monthly test and big test.

　　Tutors can learn about the weak links of specific students according to the evaluation situation and launch personalized education services. Different students in the same class may open the page of homework assignment, and the content may be completely different. Let the invalid and repetitive homework be greatly reduced, and the time for writing homework will also be shortened, thus reducing the burden on students.

　　Learn online school "Bian Que system" together.

　　Liu Chang believes that "a tutor who can combine the learning problems in school and open a small stove for students is a good tutor."

　　At the same time, tutors in the Internet age have to understand students’ age psychology, their hobbies, the characteristics of online language and their study habits. If you encounter a special family situation, the tutor even plays a bridge role between parents and students.

　　This "emotional teacher" may politely rush to hand in homework, or he may come to an online "home visit". The things that tutors worry about are very complicated, so parents and students can have a good user experience by doing their best and empathizing.

　　"Self-evolution" of a Class: From Standard Edition to Localization

　　It is hard to imagine that a parent in Baoan District of Shenzhen could not choose a good online class for his children under the dazzling array of online classes.

　　She said with a sad face: "The children said that the knowledge points spoken by the online school teacher are not the same as those spoken by the school teacher. After changing six online schools, her performance has improved to zero, and now she has been blacked out by these institutions. "

　　When choosing online courses, everyone has always taken brand, scale, teachers and price as the selection criteria, but it seems that the localization of courses has never been included.

　　What is a good course? According to Liu Chang, the principal of the online school, the first criterion of a good course is "adapting to local conditions". In other words, a course that is not adapted to local conditions is not a good course.

　　There are differences in the distribution and difficulty of knowledge points in different versions of textbooks, which will eventually be reflected in the examination papers. For students, not choosing localized textbooks is tantamount to taking a detour. If online schools can’t improve their grades quickly, the impact on students’ interest in learning will be enormous.

　　During the epidemic, the online school together created a super curriculum based on the local textbook version, covering the whole grade and the whole subject for primary and secondary school students who postponed their classes all over the country. This curriculum was praised and forwarded by many education experts, media people and teachers.

　　In addition to "adapting to local conditions", a good curriculum design should be "well documented".

　　Professor Chen Enhong of China University of Science and Technology believes that the use of artificial intelligence technology can promote the transformation of learning methods and teaching modes, build a new intelligent education system based on the Internet, and form an online learning and education platform integrating teaching, management and resource construction. To build an online learning education platform based on big data intelligence, it is necessary to build a learner-centered learning environment, develop a deep, intelligent and comprehensive learning analysis system, and provide accurate education and teaching services for teachers, students and administrators, which will help promote the development of personalized learning and lifelong learning, realize the rational and effective use of technology to promote learning and improve the quality of education.

　　With the help of the learning data of more than 100 million users in 160,000 schools in 31 provinces, which have been accumulated in the past 9 years of education and technology, the online school for learning together uses artificial intelligence technology to analyze and excavate, and integrates the difficulties, error-prone points and easy test sites encountered by students all over the country in their studies over the years into the curriculum design to help students complete their learning tasks quickly and efficiently.

　　From "pen tip" to "fingertip", the education system is undergoing an unprecedented change. When online classes are normalized, how to make new technologies better serve education, realize moral education and promote educational equity still has a long way to go.

　　Xinhuanet Beijing, December 29th The 30th Anniversary Commemorative Meeting of China Public Relations Association was held in Beijing on December 29th. The meeting reviewed the 30-year development of public relations in China, commended a number of advanced public relations organizations, and released the Blue Book of China Public Relations Development Report (2017).

　　In his speech, Liu Binjie, Chairman of the Education, Culture and Health Committee of the National People’s Congress and President of the China Public Relations Association, pointed out that on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the founding of the China Public Relations Association, we should not forget our initial intentions and keep in mind our mission, and review the 30-year development of public relations, sum up historical experience and enhance our strength and courage to forge ahead. The construction of public relations in Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era requires us to seize the opportunity, strive to push forward the cause of public relations in Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and make greater contributions to the construction of the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream.

　　Wang Daping, executive vice president and secretary general of China Public Relations Association, said that in the past 30 years, China Public Relations Association has made great progress in social services, cultural communication and national image building by constantly gathering excellent resources from all walks of life and actively playing the role of "bridge" and "link". China Public Relations Association will sum up the past, look forward to the future, concentrate on common development, and make unremitting efforts to build China Public Relations Association into a think tank for government decision-making and a social organization recognized and trusted by the public.

　　Since the establishment of China Public Relations Association for 30 years, many public relations organizations and people have made suggestions and devoted themselves to the construction and development of public relations. The meeting specially commended a group of advanced public relations organizations and paid tribute to advanced individuals and organizations that have made great contributions to the establishment, consolidation and development of public relations in China.

　　At the commemorative meeting, the launching ceremony of the blue book of public relations, China Public Relations Development Report (2017), was also held. The Blue Book was compiled by experts organized by China Public Relations Association and Media and Public Affairs Institute of Communication University of China. It systematically summarized and combed the surging public relations practice in China in the past year under the overall layout of "five in one" and the strategic layout of "four comprehensive", and recorded the important contributions made by the public relations community in achieving the goal of "two hundred years", smoothly promoting the "Belt and Road Initiative" in China and improving the level of public relations in China.

　　The conference also held a series of cultural activities to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the founding of China Public Relations Association, namely, the exhibition of paintings and calligraphy with 30 brilliant books, flourishing age, Danqing and colorful spectrum.

　　Nearly 300 people from the professional committees of China Public Relations Association, the main leaders of public relations associations in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, experts and scholars in the public relations industry, and the news media attended the conference.

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The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that building ecological civilization is a Millennium plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. The Central Office and the State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting the Green Development of Urban and Rural Construction (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which thoroughly implemented the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era and made major arrangements for the green development of urban and rural construction. Guided by the new development concept, the Opinions fully implements the ecological civilization thought of the supreme leader, and puts forward a complete system to promote the green development of urban and rural construction in combination with the reality of urban and rural construction and development in China, including five parts: overall requirements, promoting the integrated development of urban and rural construction, changing the development mode of urban and rural construction, innovating working methods, and strengthening organizational implementation. It has strong guidance and will become a policy program to promote the high-quality development of urban and rural construction for a long time to come, and guide the whole society to effectively change its development mode, construction mode and lifestyle.

It is very important to promote the effective implementation of the Opinions. The main body of urban and rural construction comes from the construction industry. Grasping the green transformation of the construction industry and construction methods will also grasp the key link that affects the green development of urban and rural construction. Therefore, this paper mainly puts forward some thoughts from the perspective of how to implement the Opinions and promote green development and transformation in the construction industry.

Seize a foothold

For the construction industry, the foothold of helping the green development of urban and rural construction lies in promoting new construction methods with green construction as the core, which should be used as a starting point to promote green development and create a green life.The key to the green development of urban and rural construction lies in the organic unity of green development, green construction and green life.

First of all,Green development is the fundamental direction., is to promote the work of the total gripper. The concept of green development takes the harmony between man and nature as its value orientation, the green low-carbon cycle as its main principle, and the construction of ecological civilization as its basic starting point. To realize green development in urban and rural construction is to protect the environment, change the development mode and realize sustainable development. Secondly,Green construction is the way to achieve it.. The construction industry must fundamentally get rid of the old road of extensive development, save resources and protect the environment to the maximum extent in the whole life cycle of the building, vigorously promote green construction, and help China achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and "double carbon" in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Finally,Green life is the ultimate destination.. The core of the high-quality development of the construction industry is people-oriented, which is reflected in providing people with higher-quality building products and providing better and more efficient green buildings and green houses. The mission of the construction industry is to achieve a better living environment and make people live in harmony with buildings and cities. The goal of 2035 put forward by Opinions is to build a beautiful China, which is in line with the concept of green living.

Green development, green construction and green life are an organic whole, and green construction is an important means to realize green development and a way to create green life.Therefore, efforts should be made to promote the transformation of the production mode of the construction industry, implement the goal of carbon neutrality and "double carbon" in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and change from traditional extensive construction to new construction mode with green construction, smart construction and industrialized construction as the core, build a green city and beautiful countryside, create a healthy and low-carbon lifestyle, and help the green development of urban and rural construction.

Adhere to two principles

First, adhere to the people-centered development thinking.The green development of urban and rural construction must provide green building products for the whole society and create a green living environment from the perspective of the people. The concepts of green planning, green design, green construction and green operation should run through the whole life cycle of buildings, and high-quality products that are applicable, economical, safe, green and beautiful should be built to meet people’s growing needs for a better life.Green development is not a slogan, but a practical action to implement the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought.In order to improve the development quality of the construction industry, we must take the road of green development and solve the problems of low efficiency of resource and energy utilization, large waste discharge, serious dust and noise pollution. It is necessary to adhere to the concept of system, coordinate urban and rural construction, implement urban ecological restoration projects and functional improvement projects, enhance the integrity and systematicness of cities, solidly promote carbon emission reduction, vigorously develop green buildings, prefabricated buildings, green building materials and green construction, and enhance the green level of the whole construction process.

The second is to adhere to the basic principles of science and rationality.. In the past urban and rural construction, we have also gone through many detours, such as "spreading the pie" urban planning and large-scale demolition and construction projects, which have led to problems such as "urban disease" and "one side of a thousand cities". The green development of urban and rural construction requires us to adhere to scientific and reasonable construction methods, plan and build cities under the guidance of ecological carrying capacity, realize the integrated development of production and city, balance the development of occupation and residence, and build green cities, resilient cities and this beautiful city. Therefore, we should grasp the development path of green construction, regard the realization of green ecology at home level as the fundamental destination of green development of construction industry, push the green level of construction from light green to dark green by promoting the application of future-oriented green construction technology, realize the carbon balance of community wisdom in future green buildings, and truly implement the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" in the industry.

推动“三造”融合

最高领袖总书记提出，中国制造、中国创造、中国建造共同发力，改变着中国的面貌。习总书记关于“三造”的这一重要论断，内涵丰富、影响深远。如何借助中国制造、中国创造、中国建造“三造”融合来转变城乡建设方式，是摆在我们面前的重要课题。

对建筑业而言，探索“三造”融合创新是行业变革的关键支点，将直接影响城乡建设绿色发展。回顾建筑业发展历史，不难看出，建筑业的技术革命与钢铁工业、机械制造业、信息产业等工业部门的技术变化紧密相关。总体上，我国建筑业生产方式仍比较落后，还没有真正完成建筑工业化。比较而言，制造业的技术先进性已经显著领先于建筑业，在生产效率、质量控制、环境保护等诸多方面都具有明显优势。为此，要着力推动以“制造+创造+建造”为特征的“三造”融合创新，促进工业先进技术、现代信息技术与传统建筑业融合。

To this end, we should give full play to our creative ability, through scientific and technological innovation and management innovation, put the concept of greening, industrialized technology and information management into the whole construction process, learn from the experience of standardization, process and information in industrial manufacturing, introduce advanced experiences such as assembly line production, intelligent manufacturing and flexible manufacturing into the construction industry, explore new-type building industrialization, and further improve the level of resource utilization and environmental protection with standardized design, automated production and information management. From the perspective of the whole life cycle of construction, we should promote the transformation of construction methods: in the design stage, we should improve the design quality and standardization level, promote green design, improve the constructability level of the scheme, and ensure the green from the source; In the manufacturing stage, it is necessary to scientifically organize manufacturing processes and processes, improve the level of automation and intelligence, and improve the efficiency of resource utilization; In the construction stage, it is necessary to organize scientifically, avoid waste of resources, and implement the green construction of "four festivals and one environmental protection"; In the operation and maintenance stage, it is necessary to improve the operation and management system, promote intelligent operation and maintenance, and truly realize green buildings, healthy buildings and low-carbon buildings.

Accelerate the coordination of "four modernizations"

At present, with the strong support of new materials, new equipment and new technology, the construction mode is developing towards "new construction" with a higher degree of green, industrialization and intelligence, centering on quality and efficiency. The coordinated development of greening, industrialization, intelligence and internationalization represents the fundamental direction of the transformation of production mode in construction industry. From the production mode, the foothold of new construction is mainly reflected in green construction, smart construction and building industrialization, which will promote the "three-all upgrade" of the whole process, all elements and all participants, and promote the "three-new drive" of new design, new construction and new operation and maintenance.

Greening is the inherent requirement of the new concept.Adhere to green development and form a new pattern of modernization with harmonious development between man and nature, which is the requirement of new development concept. The construction industry must fundamentally get rid of the old road of extensive development and devote itself to the construction of ecological restoration projects, people’s livelihood resettlement projects, and rivers and lakes management projects; We should devote ourselves to providing green building products for the whole society, creating buildings with ultra-low energy consumption and near zero energy consumption, reducing energy consumption in building operation and reducing carbon emissions. In particular, peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality is a major strategic decision of the CPC Central Committee and a solemn commitment made by China to the international community. Therefore, China’s construction industry must face arduous challenges, accelerate the deployment and promotion of green buildings, low-carbon buildings and ecological buildings, and find a reasonable path to achieve the goal of "double carbon".

Wisdom is the key engine of the new era.Developing new construction methods to promote the development and application of smart construction is an inevitable requirement of the fourth industrial revolution, an inevitable choice to upgrade the scientific and technological content of the industry, improve the quality of talents, and promote international integration. It is the only way to solve the problems of insufficient development such as relative lack of resources and insufficient balance between supply and demand in China, and it is also the key to China’s construction industry occupying the commanding heights of the global industry in the future.

Industrialization is the solid foundation of modernization.Developing new building industrialization is an important measure to implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and it is a powerful starting point to promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the construction field; At present, China’s construction industry is promoting the development of construction technologies such as prefabricated buildings and prefabricated bridges in various housing construction and infrastructure projects, combining with their respective engineering characteristics, giving full play to the advantages of high efficiency, high quality and automation in factory manufacturing, which will greatly reduce resource consumption and lay a solid foundation for the green development of the construction industry.

Internationalization is the key fulcrum of the new pattern.Promoting the international development of the industry will help China’s construction industry to better integrate with the world in overseas development such as "Belt and Road", give full play to the advantages of the long industrial chain of the construction industry, and drive China Manufacturing and China to create better opportunities to go abroad. Especially in the field of green and low carbon, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, not only by importing, digesting and absorbing foreign innovative achievements in carbon reduction technology, but also by going abroad, participating in international engineering construction and promoting the international development of green products.

Handle five pairs of contradictions well

The implementation of the Opinions needs to be promoted as a whole, especially the following five pairs of contradictions.

First, handle the contradiction between long-term and short-term.As a guide to the green action of urban and rural construction in a period of time, the Opinions should further distinguish priorities in the time process, not make a one-size-fits-all approach, and make good long-term and short-term arrangements. For complex issues such as the formation of green living habits and the protection of urban and rural culture, a long-term mechanism should be formed to make contributions for a long time; For problems that need to be dealt with urgently, such as promoting green building materials and reducing waste emissions, we should intensify our efforts and speed up the process.

The second is to handle the contradiction between the whole and the part.The green development of urban and rural construction involves urban agglomerations, cities, urban areas, streets, buildings and other different scales, and there is a widespread relationship between the whole and the part. It is necessary to coordinate the relationship well. Only by sticking to the overall requirements and handling local problems can we stick to the "bottom line", "red line" and "online", ensure that a blueprint is drawn to the end, realize the protection and inheritance of urban and rural culture, and promote innovative development and green development.

The third is to handle the contradiction between green and development.Green and low carbon does not mean delaying the development process. We should scientifically understand the connotation of the goal of "double carbon". In the process of realizing peak carbon dioxide emissions, the most important thing for the construction industry at the present stage is to improve the utilization efficiency of resources and energy through green construction, smart construction and building industrialization, change the extensive development mode of large-scale demolition and large-scale construction and waste of resources, promote the development of circular economy by using renewable green building materials and reducing waste emissions, and gradually reduce resource consumption and environmental emissions while maintaining a large industrial scale to promote project construction, so as to achieve the overall balance between development and low carbon.

The fourth is to handle the contradiction between innovation and application.Green development needs to be driven by technological innovation, and it also needs large-scale application and promotion. From the perspective of technological progress, innovation and application can be regarded as a pair of contradictions that are both opposite and unified. Application and popularization lead technological innovation and provide living soil for technological innovation; On the contrary, large-scale application often leads to technological development being satisfied with the status quo and delaying the pace of innovation. Therefore, in the process of green and low-carbon transformation of construction industry, we should put the continuous promotion of technological innovation in a very important position, improve the system and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation in urban and rural construction, and solve contradictions in the development process.

The fifth is to handle the contradiction between green and cost.The contradiction between green and cost is the key to restrict the formation of endogenous driving force for green development of urban and rural construction. On the one hand, with the progress of science and technology, many green construction technologies no longer mean higher costs; On the other hand, the increase of the short-term cost of green construction can often lead to the reduction of the comprehensive cost of the whole life cycle. This shows that what really needs to be solved is the dislocation of the responsible subject and the beneficiary subject of green construction. Therefore, we must explore the comprehensive innovation of green construction, and stimulate the endogenous motivation to promote the green development of urban and rural construction by introducing more scientific and reasonable management methods and implementing more accurate and effective policy measures. (The author is the former chief engineer of china state construction engineering corporation)

The Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office recently issued a circular to support all localities, especially state-level poverty-stricken counties, to focus on traditional crafts and rely on various non-legacy projects to set up a number of non-legacy poverty alleviation employment workshops with distinctive characteristics and obvious driving effects, so as to help the poor learn traditional skills, promote employment income and consolidate the results of poverty alleviation.

Set up a non-legacy poverty alleviation and employment workshop

The notice made it clear that the establishment of the intangible poverty alleviation employment workshop should rely on one or several intangible representative projects with wide coverage, many employees, suitable for promoting employment and good market potential; Give priority to supporting the construction of non-legacy workshops relying on projects listed in the national traditional craft revitalization catalogue; There are leading enterprises, cooperatives or leaders in the construction and operation of intangible poverty alleviation and employment workshops; It has the necessary site and basic conditions such as water and electricity for the construction of intangible poverty alleviation and employment workshops; It can effectively absorb the poor households and low-income families who have set up a file to participate in employment, and absorb the quantitative standards for the employment of the poor people who have set up a file to set up a card, and implement it according to the relevant regulations of the local poverty alleviation workshop.

The notice requires that the intangible poverty alleviation and employment workshop be identified and managed by the administrative department of culture and tourism in conjunction with the poverty alleviation department, and reported to the provincial administrative department of culture and tourism for the record. The poverty alleviation department should incorporate the intangible poverty alleviation and employment workshops into the poverty alleviation project library and enter them into the national poverty alleviation and development information system.

Chen Anying, director of the Department of Art History of Tsinghua University Academy of Fine Arts, believes that in order to be effective, the relevant departments should select traditional craft projects that are suitable for promoting employment and have market potential on the basis of in-depth investigation, and set up non-legacy poverty alleviation workshops according to the characteristics of the projects and the actual work, so as to form one or several relatively concentrated traditional craft production training and exchange exhibition spaces.

Significant achievements have been made in "non-legacy+poverty alleviation"

The establishment of the intangible poverty alleviation employment workshop is an important measure to help the intangible poverty alleviation, and the results are very remarkable.

In July 2018, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office identified the first batch of 10 key areas for "non-legacy+poverty alleviation" and supported the establishment of non-legacy poverty alleviation employment workshops. Over the past year, the work of precision poverty alleviation through non-legacy assistance has received a positive response nationwide. 393 state-level poverty-stricken counties and 150 provincial-level poverty-stricken counties across the country have carried out precision poverty alleviation through non-legacy assistance, and 2,310 non-legacy workshops have been set up nationwide, driving 463,800 people to participate in employment and driving 200,000 poverty-stricken households to get rid of poverty.

In Zhongyi Township, Shizhu County, Chongqing, the national-level non-legacy Xiabu "Yiqiutang Poverty Alleviation Workshop" held training on Xiabu woven products for local people, and after the training, various ways such as recruitment and piecework cooperation were adopted for students with excellent performance, which promoted their local employment and increased their income. The employment rate reached 70%, and the per capita monthly income increased from 500 yuan to 2,500 yuan.

At the same time, Liu Kuili, a member of the Honorary Department of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that non-legacy poverty alleviation can increase the sense of honor and accomplishment of craftsmen, enhance cultural self-confidence, and stimulate the endogenous motivation of inheritance. "Non-legacy poverty alleviation can play the role of’ supporting ambition’ and’ supporting wisdom’ in tackling poverty."

Internet opens up marketing channels

The work of "non-legacy+poverty alleviation" can achieve results, which requires not only the organization training and production of relevant departments and enterprises, but also the promotion of channels. Therefore, many regions choose to combine with the Internet to promote non-legacy products to netizens through live broadcast platforms and short videos, which has achieved good results.

Not long ago, zhijin county, Bijie City, Guizhou Province cooperated with YY Live to actively explore the operation mode of "live broadcast+non-legacy+e-commerce". Miao embroidered mother of Bijie Zhijin Batik Cooperative introduced Zhijin Batik and sold batik intangible products to netizens all over the country by live broadcast. In YY live broadcast room, embroidered mothers interacted with netizens in real time, showing them colorful brocade batiks, embroidery patterns and works. In less than a month, Zhijin batik intangible products successfully signed an order of more than 100,000 yuan through live online, and the total sales increased by 2 times year-on-year. At present, more than 2,000 Miao embroidered mothers in 32 towns and villages in zhijin county are expected to realize their desire to work at home through live broadcast, effectively driving more poor people in Zhijin to find jobs and get rid of poverty. The new poverty alleviation method of "live broadcast+non-legacy+e-commerce" is becoming popular in Guizhou Zhijin.

In addition, many platforms have also specially launched non-legacy projects, such as Tik Tok’s announcement of the "non-legacy partner" program and YY’s opening of a non-legacy exclusive channel, aiming at spreading non-legacy culture and providing marketing channels for "non-legacy plus poverty alleviation". (Reporter Chai Yizhen)

The regulation of bank transfer limit and its influencing factors

In today’s financial transactions, bank transfer is a common and important operation. However, banks usually set a certain limit for transfer, which is not arbitrary, but is influenced by many factors.

First of all, from the perspective of security, banks will set transfer limits. This is to reduce the risk of fraud and the possibility of misappropriation of funds. If there is no limit, once the account information is obtained by criminals, it may lead to huge economic losses for customers.

Secondly, different transfer methods will also lead to differences in limits. For example, through online bank transfer, the general limit will be relatively high; For mobile banking transfer, the limit may be slightly lower. This is because online banking usually operates in a safer environment, while mobile banking has more uncertainties, such as lost mobile phones and unstable networks.

Furthermore, the identity of the customer and the account type will also affect the transfer limit. For example, for ordinary personal accounts and corporate accounts, banks often set different limits according to their capital flow scale and risk assessment. Generally speaking, due to the large transaction volume of funds, the transfer limit of enterprise accounts will be higher than that of ordinary personal accounts.

The following is a common sample table of bank transfer limit:

It should be noted that the limits in the above table are only examples, and the specific limits may vary from bank to bank. Customers can know the accurate transfer limit information through the bank’s official website, mobile banking application or consulting customer service.

In addition, banks will adjust the transfer limit according to changes in the market environment and regulatory policies. In some special periods, such as preventing financial risks and cracking down on money laundering, banks may temporarily reduce the transfer limit to strengthen fund supervision and ensure the stability of financial order.

In short, the bank’s transfer limit is a dynamic regulation that comprehensively considers many factors. When transferring money, customers should fully understand the relevant regulations of their bank to ensure the smooth progress of capital transactions.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.