Cctv newsAccording to the website of the Ministry of Public Security on April 14, in order to effectively purify the network environment and crack down on network rumors according to law, the Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security recently deployed a 100-day special campaign to crack down on network rumors.

In recent years, there have been frequent network rumors and chaos in some social hot events, which have seriously disrupted the network order. The special action will adhere to the combination of crackdown according to law and comprehensive rectification, focus on the prominent problem that online rumors disrupt the order of cyberspace, crack down on a group of organizers, planners and main implementers who maliciously fabricate and spread online rumors, crack down on a group of "network water army" gangs who use hot events to divert rumors and illegally make profits, rectify a group of Internet companies with prominent online rumors according to law, clean up and shut down a number of illegal online accounts, resolutely curb the frequent occurrence of online rumors, and earnestly safeguard national political security and overall social stability.

The relevant person in charge of the Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security said that the public security organs will always adhere to the people-centered development thinking, and in accordance with the idea of "opening the way and promoting governance by fighting", while cracking down on rectification according to law, they will further strengthen the comprehensive management of network ecology with relevant departments, form a strong synergy of network governance, better protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people, and strive to make the people’s online security more substantial, secure and sustainable.

Public security organs remind the masses, purify the network environment and crack down on network rumors, which requires the joint efforts of the majority of netizens. I hope that the majority of netizens will keep rational thinking, improve their awareness of prevention, actively resist online rumors, and work together to build a clear network home.

　　[car home News] Just entering June, the new car market has become very lively. The Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Auto Show, which opened a few days ago, has brought many wonderful new roles, but this is just a warm-up, and the fierce offensive of the new car can’t stop at all. Tomorrow (June 6th), we will welcome the Chongqing Auto Show, where many new cars will steal the show. Many models that people pay more attention to have become more attractive. For example, Zotye T300, Mustang T80 and Dongfeng Scenery S560 have all expanded their lineup. To attract people’s attention, we still need to look at those new characters that are full of freshness, such as Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross and Changan brand-new Yuexiang. Beiqi Magic Speed will also bring us a quite outstanding SUV. Since there are so many things to watch, then all the new cars at Chongqing Auto Show should be announced in advance.

● GAC Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross

New car highlights: the new compact SUV is positioned lower than Outlander, and the official Chinese name will be announced soon.

　　The domestic Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross was officially released at the Beijing Auto Show earlier. A few days ago, GAC Mitsubishi officially announced that it would announce its official Chinese name at the Chongqing Auto Show. The manufacturer also gave four candidate names, "Cool Ruisi", "Yige", "Yichi" and "Yike" for everyone to guess. It is reported that this new car will go on sale this year.

"domestic Eclipse Cross real car"

　　Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross is a brand-new compact SUV, which is positioned between ASX Jinxuan and Outlander models. The design draws on the elements of the XR-PHEV II concept car, and the overall line is very tough. The front face adopts the family Dynamic Shield design language. The rear of the new car is equipped with H-shaped through taillights, which separate the rear windshield into two parts, and the shape is very novel. The silver lower guard plate at the bottom is embedded in the black rear bumper, and the rear fog lights and reversing lights are on both sides, which is consistent with the design of Outlander and ASX.

"domestic Eclipse Cross real car"

　　In the interior part, Eclipse Cross has changed the mediocre design style of Mitsubishi’s models. The new four-spoke multi-function steering wheel is designed with bright black material and leather wrap, with a floating central control screen in the center and a prominent shape below, with independent screens, dual-zone automatic air conditioning and USB sockets. In terms of configuration, the new car is equipped with automatic start and stop, paddle shifting, head-up display, voice control, front pre-collision system, body stability system, lane keeping, steering wheel heating, front seat heating, front and rear double skylights, and electronic handbrake, etc. The configuration is quite rich.

"domestic Eclipse Cross real car"

　　In terms of power, the domestic version of Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross will be equipped with a brand-new 1.5T gasoline engine, and the transmission system is expected to match a 6-speed manual or simulated 8-speed CVT continuously variable gearbox. In addition, the high-profile models will also be equipped with Mitsubishi S-AWC super all-wheel control four-wheel drive system.

　　Editor’s comment:No matter its name or design, Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross gives people a sense of individuality, and such a compact SUV should attract the attention of young people. In addition to the design highlights, the actual performance of the brand-new powertrain is also worth looking forward to. If the price is right, the lethality should be great.

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● Zotye T300 1.5L CVT model

New car highlights: The 1.5L model finally has an automatic gearbox to choose from.

　　A few days ago, we learned from Zotye Auto that Zotye T300 1.5L CVT will be officially put on sale during the Chongqing Auto Show on June 6, and the launch of new cars will continue to enrich the product lineup of 1.5L CVT.

　　Zotye T300 is currently equipped with 1.5L and 1.5T engines, of which 1.5L engine is matched with a 5-speed manual gearbox, while 1.5T engine is matched with a 5-speed manual gearbox and a CVT gearbox. The launch of the 1.5L CVT will end the history that the entry-level 1.5L CVT has no automatic transmission version, which gives consumers another choice.

　　In terms of specific parameters, the maximum power of the 1.5L engine is 112 HP and the peak torque is 143 Nm. According to the fuel information released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the power combination of 1.5L engine and +CVT gearbox has a comprehensive fuel consumption of 6.7L/100km. At present, the official has not released more information about this car. It is expected that the configuration of the new car will be improved compared with the manual transmission models currently on sale. Let’s look forward to it together.

　　Editor’s comment:At present, the T300 model price is 56,800-93,800 yuan, and the most affordable model is naturally the 1.5L model. The starting price of 56,800 yuan is not small. However, the 1.5L model only provides manual transmission, and this configuration will naturally affect its competitiveness. After the Chongqing Auto Show, many people don’t have to struggle anymore. As long as the pricing of the 1.5L automatic transmission model is reasonable enough, it can still gain a lot of attention.

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● Auchan COS 1

New car highlights: The pre-sale price of the previous exposure is 100,000-150,000 yuan, and the new car is expected to be officially listed in mid-August.

　　A few days ago, we learned from Auchan Auto that its brand-new medium-sized SUV, COS 1, will officially open for pre-sale at Chongqing Auto Show. The pre-sale price previously exposed is 100,000-150,000 yuan, and the new car is expected to be officially listed in mid-August.

　　Cos 1 styling design originated from Chang ‘an Italian Design Center, which adopts a brand-new design language. The net is a popular element of all over the sky, and the front surrounding of the water chestnut makes the front part look quite powerful. In terms of body size, its length, width and height are 4830×1868×1750/1775mm respectively, and its wheelbase is 2800 mm.

　　The interior part is a standard T-shaped design, and a large number of soft materials are added to the center console to further enhance the sense of grade. The center console is also equipped with a 10.3-inch large LCD screen. In the seat layout, COS 1 offers a variety of layouts for 5/6/7 seats to choose from.

　　In the power part, the new car is equipped with a 1.5T engine with a maximum power of 178 HP (131kW) and a peak torque of 265nm. The engine has in-cylinder direct injection technology, and the transmission system is matched with 6MT and 6AT gearbox from Aisin.

　　Editor’s comment:Perhaps many people are most interested in the name of the COS 1 car. The manufacturer’s previous explanation is that C stands for cloud and intelligent interconnection; OS stands for system and open platform, and 1 stands for consistent concentration, and its Chinese name is expected to be announced in the future. As a medium-sized and large SUV, it also has 5/6/7 seats optional layout, plus a relatively introductory pricing range. It seems that there are not many competitors, and the space and configuration performance are passable. It seems that it is not too difficult for it to grab a place in the market.

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● Changan brand-new Yuexiang

Highlights of the new car: it is positioned as a small car, and its appearance and interior adopt Changan’s brand-new family-style design language.

　　A few days ago, we learned from Changan Automobile that a new generation of Yuexiang will be officially unveiled during the Chongqing Auto Show. It is reported that the new car will be positioned as a small car, and its appearance and interior have adopted Changan’s brand-new family-style design language.

"A new generation of Yuexiang declaration map previously exposed"

　　According to the previously exposed declaration map, the new generation of Yuexiang adopted the latest "butterfly wing" front face of Chang ‘an family, and the X-shaped front middle net was matched with the headlights on the left and right sides. The overall effect looks very fashionable and sharp. On the side of the car body, the design of double waistlines lengthens the visual effect of the whole car, and at the same time makes it feel like diving forward. In addition, the rear of the new car has a full shape and simple lines, which makes the car look more dynamic and young.

"A whole new generation of Yuexiang interior spy photos exposed before"

　　In the interior part, referring to the spy photos previously exposed, the new car also adopts the latest family-style design of Changan, which is equipped with a brand-new steering wheel and a black and white two-color interior. The central control part adopts a stepped layout, which looks younger and more layered. Nowadays, the popular suspended multimedia display screen and the design of air conditioning outlet with irregular shape below have enhanced the sense of science and technology for the whole vehicle.

"A new generation of Yuexiang declaration map previously exposed"

　　In terms of body size, its length, width and height are 4390/1725/1468mm and its wheelbase is 2535mm respectively. In terms of configuration, the new car will provide daytime running lights, co-pilot airbags, skylights, reversing radar, reversing images and the tail "ALSVIN" logo according to different vehicle configurations. At the same time, the car will be equipped with 175/65 R14 and 185/55 R15 tires.

　　In terms of power, the new car will be equipped with 1.4L (model JL473Q4) and 1.5L (model JL473QF) engines, of which the maximum power of the 1.4L engine is 101 HP (74 kW); The maximum power of the 1.5L engine is 107 HP (78.5 kW). We will continue to pay attention to more news about the new car.

　　Editor’s comment:From the spy photos, Chang ‘an Yuexiang’s design is quite fashionable, and for a small car, the style is quite exquisite. The market of small cars is getting colder and colder. Perhaps the appearance of a boutique model will make it hot here. I hope Chang ‘an Yuexiang can bring such a good show. However, at present, we don’t have more detailed information about the new car. After it is officially released, we will bring detailed real shots and experience introductions as soon as possible. Let’s be patient and wait to see more highlights on it.

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● Mustang T80 2.0T automatic transmission entry model

New car highlights: pricing is entry-level but the configuration is good enough.

　　Recently, we learned from the official of Mustang Automobile that the 2018 Mustang T80 automatic transmission model originally scheduled to be launched in May will be officially launched at Chongqing Auto Show on the 6th of this month, and the new car will continue the design style of the current model as a whole, only making some adjustments to the configuration. More importantly, the 2018 Mustang T80 will add a 2.0T automatic entry model, which will compete with the market segments with better cost performance.

　　It is understood that the newly added Mustang T80 2.0T entry-level model is completely consistent with the current model in appearance, and the entry threshold of the 2.0T car system will be further lowered after it is launched in the future. At the same time, although this model is an entry-level model, its configuration is not low, including daytime running lights, front fog lights, rear reversing radar, 18-inch wheels, keyless entry, one-button start, automatic air conditioning, electronic handbrake, tire pressure monitoring, cruise control, ESP body stability system and ramp assistance.

　　In addition, the 2018 Mustang T80 automatic transmission model also comes standard with tire pressure monitoring, ramp assist, cruise control and other configurations. At the same time, panoramic images, lane departure early warning system and on-board intelligent interconnection system have been added to the 2.0T automatic top gear model, which can remotely open and close the engine, air conditioner and window of the vehicle through the mobile phone. In terms of power, the 2.0T engine of Mustang T80 has a maximum power of 204 HP and a peak torque of 280 Nm, and the transmission is matched with a 6-speed dual-clutch gearbox.

　　Editor’s comment:The launch of the 2018 Mustang T80 model, to a certain extent, also changed its product competitiveness through configuration optimization. Judging from the configuration of the upcoming 2.0T automatic transmission entry model, it really doesn’t look "entry" at all. Considering the previous price range of 11.98-13.98 million yuan for the 2.0T model, if this entry-level model can enter the range of 100,000 yuan, it will have more obvious advantages than its competitors at the same price.

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● Lifan 650EV

New car highlights: The pre-sale price of the previous exposure is 100,000-150,000 yuan, and the new car is expected to be officially listed in mid-August.

　　A few days ago, we learned from the official of Lifan Automobile that the Lifan 650EV model will be officially launched on June 6. Lifan 650EV is positioned as a pure electric compact car, which made its first public appearance at the Beijing Auto Show earlier. The new car will be available in comfort and luxury configurations, with an official comprehensive cruising range of 305km.

　　Lifan 650EV can be regarded as an upgraded model of the previous 620EV. Compared with the latter, there is no obvious difference in appearance, only the tail label is different, and the main upgrade item is cruising range.

　　In terms of interiors, the new car also continued the shape of 620EV. In terms of configuration, the new car is equipped with keyless entry/one-button start, multi-function steering wheel, electric sunroof, parking radar, reversing image, knob shift mechanism, etc. The 9-inch central control screen supports Baidu CarLife mobile phone interconnection, GPS navigation, Bluetooth, AUX+USB interface and other functions.

　　In terms of power, the new car is equipped with a driving motor with a maximum power of 135 HP, which is matched with a battery pack with a capacity of 43.13kWh. The comprehensive cruising range of the new car is 305km, and it supports two charging modes: 15A AC slow charging and 125A DC fast charging.

　　Editor’s comment:Compared with the previous 620EV, the improvement of 650EV in cruising range is very obvious. However, compared with the cruising range of many electric vehicles, the comprehensive cruising range of 305km is barely behind, and the competition in the electric vehicle market is fierce now, so it needs a powerful pricing. We will continue to pay attention to the news of this model and strive to share its measured cruising performance with you as soon as possible after it goes on the market.

● Dongfeng Scenery S560 1.5T model

New car highlights: add 1.5T models.

　　Dongfeng Scenery S560 was listed at the end of last year, with a price of 699-96900 yuan. However, there is only one 1.8L engine in the whole model. Now the manufacturer will add "new weapons" to it, launch a 1.5T model at Chongqing Auto Show, and announce the price immediately.

"The picture shows Dongfeng Scenery S560 1.8L model"

　　The biggest change of Dongfeng Scenery S560 1.5T model lies in the powertrain, and the appearance and interior are basically the same as those of the current 1.8L model. Dongfeng Scenery S560 has a body size of 4515×1815×1735mm and a wheelbase of 2690 mm.. The front grille of the car is decorated with double banners and chrome-plated strips, which makes the visual experience simple and stylish. The side and tail lines give people a sense of agility and neatness. While creating a strong sense of hierarchy, they still look neat. The rear of the car is equipped with a three-probe reversing radar and a panoramic image rear camera.

"The picture shows Dongfeng Scenery S560 1.8L model"

　　The interior also adopts a relatively simple design style. The center console is made of hard plastic and the multi-function steering wheel is wrapped in leather. The central control area is equipped with a 7-inch floating touch screen, with Lin OS3.0 intelligent network connection system and voice control function. The vehicle is also equipped with constant speed cruise, body stability control system and panoramic sunroof, which is popular among Chinese people.

　　In the power part, the new car will be equipped with the same engine as the Scenery 580 1.5T model, with a maximum power of 150 HP and a peak torque of 220 Nm. The new transmission system will match the 6-speed manual gearbox.

　　Editor’s comment:As an entry-level 7-seat SUV, Dongfeng Scenery S560 has an attractive price, and there is no problem in configuration and practical performance. However, more and more competitors with the same price have adopted small-displacement turbocharged engines, and the introduction of S560 1.5T model has finally made it keep up with the trend, so as not to fall behind in the competition.

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● Magic Speed X Series New SUV

New car highlights: the appearance is out of place, and the future will focus on the 100,000-200,000 medium and large 5-seat /7-seat SUV market.

　　A few days ago, Beiqi Magic Speed released the official map of the first SUV of Magic Speed X series, which will be launched at Chongqing Auto Show. It is reported that in the future, Magic Speed X series will focus on the medium and large 5-seat /7-seat SUV market of 100,000-200,000, and this brand-new SUV code-named C60 will be a coupe SUV.

Magic Speed C60 Official Map

　　From the official map, the first SUV of the Magic Speed X series, code-named C60, adopts a very unique front face design, and the overall layout is thick and three-dimensional. The shape of the horizontal black air intake grille is similar to that of the Lexus brand. In addition, on the front bumper, the new car is also equipped with a fog light set with a four-point LED light source and a trapezoidal lower air intake grille with rigid and straight lines, which looks very individual as a whole.

Magic Speed C60 Official Map

　　From the rear side, the structural features of this car, such as the profile of the side window and the waistline, are completely consistent with those of the specific speed T7 model. At the same time, it is also equipped with the same double five-spoke wheels, and a rear spoiler is added on the basis of the latter, which makes the visual effect more full and sporty. In the rear part, the C60 also adopts a taillight group with LED strip, a large-angle inclined tailwindow, two-way exhaust and a heavy lower enclosure, etc. The coordinated proportion and rich design elements make the tail look sporty. We will continue to pay attention to more information about this car.

　　Editor’s comment:Although only the shape design has been announced now, this new car has quickly become the focus. Because it gives people the feeling that there is always a little "Lamborghini style", especially the front face design, it will naturally attract some spit. Judging from its positioning, it has to face many opponents in the market, so in addition to an eye-catching appearance, it should also come up with something good-looking in terms of configuration and practicality. We will continue to look forward to it.

　　Full text summary:At the Chongqing Auto Show, we saw that many manufacturers reinforced their models at the Chongqing Auto Show, enriching the choice of models in order to keep up with the mainstream. The new models of Zotye T300, Mustang T80 and Dongfeng Scenery S560 have many bright spots. However, there are many eye-catching new cars, such as GAC Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross and Changan brand-new Yuexiang. Judging from the current information, their strength is good, and we are very anxious to know them more comprehensively at the first time. Please remember to pay attention to our reports. As for Beiqi Magic Speed’s new SUV, we also hope that in addition to this controversial design, its performance in other aspects will bring more highlights to everyone. (Photo/Text car home Wang Ziping)

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CCTV News:Under the wave of digitalization and intelligence, artificial intelligence, that is, AI, has penetrated into many aspects of our lives and has become an important direction of future industrial development. To this end, many colleges and universities in China not only set up specialties and colleges related to artificial intelligence, but also keep up with the needs of the industry and actively promote the cultivation of cross-border talents combining artificial intelligence with other disciplines.

Harbin Institute of Technology is one of the earliest universities in China to carry out research in the field of artificial intelligence. In order to strengthen the training of relevant talents, in 2019, Harbin Institute of Technology set up an artificial intelligence major, and this year it further established an artificial intelligence college.

According to the training plan, in the College of Artificial Intelligence, the first and second academic years of undergraduates mainly focus on strengthening basic courses related to artificial intelligence, and the third academic year is classified and trained according to personal growth needs, which is divided into three directions: AI technology, AI system and AI application, and the fourth academic year is personalized and independent development.

In a laboratory of the School of Artificial Intelligence of Harbin Institute of Technology, students from different R&D groups are experimenting with their own topics, such as robots, robot dogs and robot cars, which are also the teaching processes that every undergraduate will experience.

The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, began enrolling students in its artificial intelligence major in 2019.

The teacher in charge of teaching told us that the traditional computer major courses are more inclined to the underlying operating system and compilation principles, while the artificial intelligence major pays more attention to the application of interdisciplinary subjects and the interactive behavior related to people, so it has higher requirements for mathematics.

As a hot subject focused on the development of various countries at present and in the future, the major related to artificial intelligence is undoubtedly very attractive to candidates, but whether to apply for the exam needs to be combined with their own actual situation.

Talent gap, high skill requirements, high salary in artificial intelligence industry.

Due to the strong development momentum of artificial intelligence related industries, the demand for talents by enterprises in related fields continues to rise, and the monthly salary of some popular positions even exceeds 20,000 yuan this year.

In an artificial intelligence laboratory in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, not only on-the-job engineers, but also many college students participate in project research and development and innovation. The person in charge of the laboratory voice team told the reporter that with the wider application scenarios of general artificial intelligence, more and more professional backgrounds of talents are needed. Therefore, the laboratory has strengthened cooperation with universities, providing internship opportunities for students majoring in computer, electronic information engineering, data science and other related majors, and enabling more new forces to empower the development of the laboratory.

In a cyber security technology research and development enterprise in Harbin, Heilongjiang, the person in charge of human resources said that at present, enterprises especially need practical talents with innovative ability. Therefore, the demand for recruitment of students with professional backgrounds such as artificial intelligence, big data and big models continues to rise.

The data shows that in the first quarter of this year, the demand for employment in artificial intelligence-related industries continued to rise. Among them, the number of recruitment positions for natural language processing engineers increased by 126% year-on-year, and the average monthly salary for recruitment reached 24,535 yuan, up by 12% year-on-year.

The hot market in the job market has also made the popularity of artificial intelligence-related majors continue to climb. Among them, software engineering and computer science and technology have been shortlisted as "Top 10 Hot Majors" for many years, and the employment salary of graduates has also remained at a high level; Graduates with professional backgrounds such as data science and big data technology are popular in many industries such as the Internet and finance, ranking fourth in the monthly income ranking of undergraduates in 2023, with employment satisfaction reaching 79%; Internet of Things Engineering and other related majors provide a broad employment direction for graduates because they cover hardware equipment, software development, network architecture and other aspects, and the employment satisfaction of the 2023 undergraduate graduates of this major has also reached 75%.

Although the upheaval in the Middle East continues, the "Arab Spring", which was full of passion and optimism, has been gradually replaced by pessimism, suspicion and anger, and even has the saying of "Arab Autumn" or "Arab Winter". It starts with a bang and ends with a scribble, which is a true portrayal of the chaos in the Middle East in the past year.

On December 17th, 2010, the self-immolation of a hawker in Tunisia triggered a "butterfly effect", which not only caused Ben Ali, who had been in power for 23 years, to step down, but also triggered an unprecedented political turmoil throughout West Asia and North Africa. Almost all Arab countries were involved in it, and several strongmen’s regimes that had been in power for decades were overthrown, and the turmoil has not been completely settled. So far, this vigorous political upheaval has been going on for a whole year, and people are still full of doubts about the related issues related to the upheaval in the Middle East, so it is necessary to make a comprehensive inventory.

The political ecology in the Middle East is beyond recognition, and different types of countries face different situations.

After experiencing the "Arab turmoil" like big waves, the political ecology in the Middle East has changed beyond recognition: Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and other countries have changed their dynasties, the Syrian Bashar regime is facing an unprecedented severe test, and the Gulf monarchy represented by Saudi Arabia is temporarily safe and sound. In countries where political upheaval has taken place, the intensity and intensity of the turmoil are also different: there has been no major bloodshed in the alternation of political power in Egypt, Tunisia and other countries; The regime change in Libya, Syria, Yemen and other countries has evolved into a full-scale armed conflict with heavy weapons, highlighting the true nature of jungle politics.

This raises a question, which type of country is most prone to turmoil, and what causes such a huge difference in the way of regime change? According to people’s general understanding, the more advanced the regime, the more stable the political situation should be. The Republic is obviously more advanced than the monarchy, so according to this logic, the former should be more stable than the latter. However, the reality of the turmoil in the Middle East is just the opposite. Up to now, the regime in the Middle East has basically collapsed or suffered a serious crisis, while Jordan and the Gulf monarchies, which implemented the traditional monarchy and were the least optimistic in advance, have survived safely to this day. Some people think that this is related to the wealth of the country, but this cannot explain why Libya, which is also a rich country, has political turmoil and even regime change, while the Gulf countries can survive; The same poor countries, why Egypt and Yemen are in serious turmoil, while Jordan is safe and sound. Therefore, it is obviously not enough to simply explain the turmoil in the Middle East from the perspective of people’s livelihood.

Which countries in the Middle East are more prone to turmoil is directly related to their internal social and political structures. On the surface, the regimes in the Middle East countries are divided into two categories: republic and monarchy, but there is not much difference between the two regimes in terms of actual governance. If we can see the essence through the phenomenon, we can find that there are actually three types of political ruling structures in Middle East countries, and the degree of turmoil in Middle East countries is directly related to this.

The first type is the isomorphic elite rule mode in which a few elites rule the majority of the people, such as Egypt and Tunisia.

Tribes/sects in such countries are not strong in color, and there is no difference between those in power and their powerful state departments and the people on the issue of identity and ownership. Therefore, the contradiction between those in power and the people in such countries is mainly class contradiction, and the nature of regime change in such countries is relatively simple. Although the confrontation is fierce, it is not a "zero-sum game" to the death. For example, after Egypt’s Mubarak mobilized troops to enter Cairo’s Tahrir Square, the protesters welcomed the troops, and the troops refused to shoot at the people. Mubarak felt that the general situation was over and took the initiative to resign, so that the regime change in the country was completed in a bloodless way. At the same time, the Republican system of government in these countries determines that the highest power of the country belongs to the state apparatus, and both those in power and the people recognize the fact that "family inheritance" is illegal from the bottom of their hearts, so such attempts by those in power can only be half-covered and half-covered, and they are often pushed down.

The second type is the alien elite rule mode in which minority tribes and sects are in power, such as Libya, Syria, Yemen and Iraq before.

The consciousness of tribes or sects in these countries is quite distinct, most of the people in power belong to a certain tribe or sect, and most of the members of their power core circle come from the same tribe or sect, and the policy of governance also gives priority to the interests of their own tribes and sects. For example, there are hundreds of tribes in Libya, and Gaddafi’s elite armed forces and even personal guards all come from their own Kadafa tribe, and the oil interests are mainly tilted towards this tribe. There are about 200 tribes in Yemen, mainly divided into four tribal alliances. Saleh has been able to sit on the presidency for more than 30 years precisely because he comes from the most powerful "Hashed" tribal alliance in Yemen.

This specific social and political structure makes those in power form a "concentric circle" sectarian tradition and the rules of the game. They are endlessly and unconditionally loyal to their own people, but have no sympathy for people and regions outside the tribe. They regard other tribes as their legitimate victims and can plunder or kill them at will. Reflected in real politics, it is that those in power tend to take high-handed measures against the opposition, rather than sit down and negotiate on an equal footing. In their minds, if the opposition is not suppressed, people will think that he is weak and will lose respect. This tribal opposition and violent tendency can well explain why seemingly normal political protests in these countries have rapidly evolved into deadly violent confrontation.

The third is the traditional elite rule mode, mainly hereditary monarchy countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Morocco.

In terms of political structure, the rulers of these countries include all kinds of elites in traditional society. For example, Saudi Arabia is a political marriage between the Saudi royal family and Wahhabi Sect, and its members hold important positions in various government agencies, which makes the government have strong executive power. From the perspective of economic structure, most of these countries are rich oil-producing countries, and the source of their wealth is underground resources instead of taxing the people. On the contrary, the government has to provide various benefits to the people, thus forming a kind of "asylum system" rule. As the saying goes, "no taxes, no representation", the people do not have much confidence to demand more political rights. In addition, the founding of such countries is originally a "family rule" and hereditary rule. Therefore, if people want to rise up against such regimes, they often face the double obstacles of legalism and orthodoxy. In addition, these countries "turned over a new leaf" after this round of Middle East wave, vigorously promoted reforms, and even eased the antagonism of the domestic people.

To some extent, it is precisely because of the differences in social and political structure that different types of countries in the Middle East show different viability in the "Arab turmoil".

From "Arab Spring" to "Arab Autumn": Impact Assessment of Current Middle East Turbulence

Turbulence is widespread in the Middle East countries, which is largely due to the accumulation of internal disadvantages, and has reached the point where it is necessary to change. Therefore, the "Arab turmoil tide" is not only a strong resistance to the status quo, but also an element of exploring new ways for national prosperity. In this sense, this "Arab turmoil" can indeed be called the "Arab Spring".

However, over the past year or so of turmoil in the Middle East, the effect of this kind of political exploration is obviously not satisfactory. From an economic point of view, the turmoil in the Middle East has aggravated the economic recession of these countries and may lead them into a vicious circle. According to the report released by the International Monetary Fund in October, the drastic changes in the Middle East have caused at least $55 billion in economic losses to the affected countries. Among them, Libya and Syria were the hardest hit, followed by Egypt, Tunisia, Bahrain and Yemen. The GDP of these countries has decreased by at least $20.6 billion, and the fiscal balance has deteriorated. Libya suffered the most, and the country’s economic activities basically stopped, with a GDP loss of $7.7 billion and a national financial loss of $6.5 billion. In Egypt, public expenditure increased to $5.5 billion in the first nine months of 2011, while fiscal revenue decreased by $75 million. In Yemen, riots caused losses of $858 million to government finances. In Tunisia, 80% of enterprises in the country were hit by the turmoil, which led to a sharp rise in the number of unemployed people, and now it has exceeded 700,000. At the same time, prices in the country have soared and some necessities are in short supply. The economies of Tunisia, Egypt and other countries are very dependent on tourism, and the domestic political turmoil has made many tourist attractions inaccessible, which has made the economic situation worse.

In the political field, although many countries have completed regime change, the political situation is still a mess. In Tunisia, statistics show that since March this year, there have been an average of 110 to 150 demonstrations or sit-ins and 150 to 180 traffic blocking incidents nationwide. After the completion of the parliamentary election in October 2011, the power struggle among political parties became increasingly fierce, which forced the parliament, which was sworn in shortly, to adjourn. In Libya, armed forces of different factions stationed in the capital Tripoli have clashed from time to time. In Womis, southwest of Tripoli, since December 10th, the local armed forces of Zintan and the local Mashashiya tribe have exchanged fire for three consecutive days. On December 10, the convoy of the chief of staff of the Transitional Government Army was attacked in Tripoli, and some officials accused Zintan militants of trying to "assassinate". On December 12th, the largest demonstration broke out in Benghazi after Gaddafi’s downfall. Tens of thousands of people took to the streets and shouted slogans such as "The revolution started in Benghazi and resolutely defended the fruits of the revolution" to express their strong dissatisfaction, indignation and disappointment with the "Transitional Committee". In Egypt, since the military took over the state power, domestic demonstrations still broke out frequently, resulting in casualties. Protesters, represented by youth organizations, demanded that the military hand over power as soon as possible, and held demonstrations several times to brew a "second revolution."

Middle East countries are in a "painful period" of breaking the old and establishing the new.

Middle East countries are still in chaos, partly because these countries are in a "painful period" of breaking the old and establishing the new, and it takes time and patience to return to normal. But the more important reason is that the medicine is not symptomatic. Arab countries are suffering from a "decline syndrome". Lebanese scholar Antoine Mesala once said, "There is no Arab regime that has a serious minority problem and a serious majority problem". According to the author’s understanding, the so-called minority problem is actually due to the lack of democracy and freedom (specifically, the lack of "freedom" rather than "democracy"), resulting in the neglect of the legitimate rights and interests of the minority; The so-called majority problem is actually that a few powerful people oppress and extract the majority people, which leads to polarization between the rich and the poor, rampant corruption and increasingly prominent class contradictions. At present, the Arab people are protesting, mainly because they have not solved the "majority problem". Therefore, in order to get the country out of the predicament and get on the right track, we should first strengthen the "people’s nature" of the political power. In other words, the key to measure the success of a revolution is not what kind of regime is implemented, but which class will come to power in the future and what kind of ideology will be implemented, that is, "what flag to raise and what road to take."

However, after the current Arab upheaval, for various reasons, the successor obviously did not seriously think about these core issues. Moreover, because the Arab people are tired of the strongman politics that has been maintained for many years, just as the pendulum will inevitably move in the opposite direction after moving in one direction, the political transformation in the Middle East is developing towards decentralization and democratization. Indeed, Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and other countries have made political reconstruction schedules and started the process of "political democratization" after completing the "regime change". But obviously, democratization will not automatically solve the "majority problem" of the country.

In fact, as early as the 1920s, some Arab countries (such as Egypt and Jordan) had established parliamentary democracy to varying degrees (this period was called the "free Arab period"). But it turns out that this system can’t solve all kinds of deep-seated problems facing the country. These democracies, which are talked about by some people, are actually a huge "tofu dregs project". In fact, no country in the third world has achieved national prosperity by first realizing democratization. On the contrary, many countries have lost their effectiveness and have to rely on external powers after implementing democratization. Based on this, it is not difficult to understand why most Arab countries pursued military/strongman politics during the most prestigious period in the world in the 1950s and 1960s. Therefore, hastily starting democratization will only lead this magnificent political movement astray.

From a practical point of view, the final result of this democratization movement of "only asking for votes, not asking for opinions" is to make the political Islamic forces that have been dormant for many years become the biggest beneficiaries. In Tunisia, the Baath Movement Party won 89 of the 217 seats in the Constituent Assembly election on October 23, 2011, becoming the largest party in the Constituent Assembly; In the first stage of Egypt’s elections, Islamic parties, mainly the Freedom and Justice Party of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Bright Party of the Salafist faction, won more than 60% of the votes, while the secular Egyptian League and the veteran Waffle Party only won 20% of the votes; Morocco’s House of Representatives held an early general election on November 25th, and the moderate Islamic party Justice and Development Party won 107 of the 395 seats, far ahead of other political parties. When the Libyan transitional government was established on November 24th, its leaders also indicated that Islam would be the legislative basis in the future.

The reason why Islamic forces can gain power is not that they represent some advanced productive forces or advanced culture, but largely because these countries have practiced high-handed rule for many years and there is no political opposition in the modern sense, thus enabling religious forces like the Muslim Brotherhood to accumulate strength and grow stronger. Are these Islamic forces capable of leading the country out of the predicament? From the perspective of class attributes, although the Muslim Brotherhood claims to represent the middle and lower classes, its top level is almost all billionaires, so it is doubtful whether its future policies can truly represent the lower classes. From the ideological point of view, its leading ideology is Islamic doctrine, but it is difficult to provide effective guiding principles for national modernization; From a historical perspective, these political Islamic forces have always played the role of "opponents", and it is doubtful whether they can lead the country out of the predicament and embark on the road of prosperity. Therefore, although the democratization of these countries is in full swing, people in Egypt and other countries continue to protest and try to carry out the "second revolution". Obviously, they are dissatisfied with this solution and try to find a new way to break through.

Western intervention has changed the nature of the "Arab turmoil" and the road to Arab revival has become more difficult.

The turmoil in the Middle East was originally an endogenous turmoil, which was mainly caused by internal factors, and the focus of public protests was mainly aimed at domestic authorities. However, because most of the countries in turmoil are pro-Western countries, the turmoil in the Middle East has greatly impacted the vested interests of the West that have been maintained in the Middle East for many years. After a short period of hesitation and vacillation, western countries began to take the opportunity to reshape the Middle East order, turn unfavorable factors into favorable ones, and safeguard their own interests to the maximum extent. Obviously, the western intervention in the Middle East obviously pursues "multiple standards": trying to protect the current regime in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries, encouraging and conniving the government to suppress popular protests; For Egypt, Tunisia, Yemen and other countries that are in serious turmoil and the situation is difficult to clean up, they will make use of the situation and try to bring their future trends into the western track; For Libya, Syria, Iran and other countries that are anti-western or have a bad relationship with the West, it will add fuel to the flames and even directly carry out military strikes. However, the external interference by the west for selfish purposes has made the regional situation more complicated.

In particular, the Libyan war launched by NATO in March 2011 marked the beginning of the political struggle in the Middle East and entered a new stage of western military intervention and forced shaping of the regional pattern. On the surface, the war was authorized by the United Nations. In fact, it not only ignored the spirit of regional organizations in Resolution 1973, but also exceeded the stipulation that Resolution 1973 only authorized the establishment of a "no-fly zone". NATO claimed to "prevent a humanitarian disaster", but before Libya’s war, there were only a few hundred casualties in internal conflicts, and the situation has basically subsided. The indiscriminate bombing and the expansion of the war in the West caused more than 30,000 deaths and more than 50,000 injuries in Libya, and a large number of basic facilities were destroyed. Therefore, it is essentially an unjust war. The internal contradictions in Libya were far from the need to change the dynasty, but the western military intervention forcibly changed the original political process of the country, which plunged Libya from a stable and rich country with the highest living standard in Africa into chaos. The political situation in Libya in the post-Gaddafi era is likely to become a vassal of the West and a bridgehead for advancing into Africa.

What is particularly lamentable is that such an unjust war of the West against Arab countries has actually been actively endorsed by many Arab countries, and even directly participated in the "encirclement" of the Qaddafi regime. We should know that if the Arab world wants to achieve national rejuvenation and get rid of the vicious circle, it is the basic premise to achieve internal Arab unity. The performance of most Arab countries in the Libyan war shows that the Arab world is getting farther and farther away from realizing the dream of national rejuvenation. This seemingly massive upheaval in the Middle East will not make the countries in the region truly embark on the road of revival, but will still be the victims of the politics of western powers. Facts also show that after the successful intervention in Libya, the appetite and confidence of the West to transplant the "Libya model" in the region doubled. Therefore, just after the end of the Libyan war, the West began to step up pressure on Syria and Iran, which made the situation in Syria and Iraq increasingly tense. Syria is located in the heart of the Arab world, and once its situation gets out of control, it is likely to cause unexpected turmoil throughout the Middle East.

Sow the dragon seeds, but reap the fleas. The turbulent upheaval in the Middle East was originally a progressive movement with civil rights, people’s livelihood and nationality as its main demands, but the nature of this "Middle East Wave" has become increasingly stale due to the combined effects of various negative factors inside and outside. Although the upheaval in the Middle East continues, the "Arab Spring", which was full of passion and optimism, has been gradually replaced by pessimism, suspicion and anger, and even has the saying of "Arab Autumn" or "Arab Winter". It starts with a bang and ends with a scribble, which is a true portrayal of the chaos in the Middle East in the past year.