CCTV News:Recently, in more than 20 provinces and cities such as Beijing, Hebei, Jiangsu and Shanghai, many consumers reported that after receiving the so-called "online shopping payment" call, they followed the prompts step by step, but eventually the money in the card was missing. What the hell is going on here?

On the afternoon of May 25th, Ms. Li, who lives in Jinan, Shandong Province, received a phone call from a man who claimed to be "express customer service". The other party said that a bottle of lotion that Ms. Li bought on Taobao was damaged in transit, and the company would pay double compensation. On the phone, the man also verified the consignee information, logistics order number and other information with her in detail. Because there was no mistake in the content, Ms. Li quickly believed his words.

Ms. Li, the victim of Jinan, Shandong Province: At that time, I also called Yuantong customer service, but perhaps because it was Saturday and Sunday, there was no option for manual customer service. Check the real-time logistics, it is indeed in Linyi. On the phone, I heard that the other party was at the scene of the accident, and many people were talking about settling claims, and then I believed it.

Ms. Li said that during the refund process, the other party told her that due to her low credit score of Alipay Sesame, the claims could not be directly returned to the account, so Ms. Li needed to cooperate with them to improve the credit score by "running water".

Therefore, under the guidance of the other party, Ms. Li, who was unsuspecting, successively borrowed more than 100,000 yuan from online lending platforms such as Alipay Borrowing and Micro-loan. Later, she downloaded Dangdang App according to the other party’s prompt and used the Dangdang account and password provided by the other party to purchase Dangdang gift cards with a total amount of 100,000 yuan.

Ms. Li, the victim of Jinan, Shandong Province: I didn’t know that these were loan platforms at the time. I also asked them how they were related to Dangdang. He probably means that there is cooperation, and these are all their backstage operations.

But soon, Ms. Li found that these Dangdang gift cards worth 100,000 yuan were quickly consumed. At this point, Ms. Li discovered that the situation was wrong and immediately reported the police.

Ms. Li’s experience is not unique. On June 18th, Ms. Yu from Heilongjiang received a phone call claiming to be Taobao’s customer service. The other party said that the clothes bought by Ms. Yu needed to be recalled because of unqualified printing and dyeing, and 160 yuan should be compensated to consumers. After that, the process is the same. After verifying the information, you gain trust, and then you are induced to buy a Dangdang gift card after the woman borrows money. In the end, Ms. Yu was cheated of 17,000 yuan.

Ms. Yu, the victim of HeilongjiangAfter I calmed down, I went to Dangdang to check the gift card and found that the balance of my gift card was zero. When I clicked on the Dangdang gift card link, I found that many comments below were cheated.

The reporter saw in a WeChat group with nearly 300 victims that from May to August this year, victims with the same experience entered the group, involving more than 20 provinces and cities such as Hebei, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Shandong, and the amount of losses has exceeded 6 million.

In these cases, there are two key problems, one is that the user’s information has been leaked, and the other is that these frauds are finally concentrated on Dangdang’s gift cards. What the hell is going on here? The reporter then contacted Dangdang.

In the interview, Ms. Li told the reporter that after the incident, she immediately inquired about the capital flow and delivery address of the gift card from Dangdang.

Ms. Li, the victim of Jinan, Shandong Province: I contacted Dangdang. His feedback was that it took me a few minutes to buy the gift card, but he didn’t tell me where the consumer went, so he said he didn’t know.

Many victims told reporters that after the alarm, they immediately contacted Dangdang customer service, hoping that the other party could freeze the relevant accounts.

Mr. Wang, the victim of Jinan, Shandong ProvinceAt that time, the customer service said that these gift cards were mainly bulk transactions, mainly used by the company to buy. We spent 100,000 yuan on this thing, and he didn’t ask us which unit we belonged to, so he didn’t verify it. I asked what this money was going to do. What did you buy? He said he didn’t know either.

The victim’s messages and comments on the gift card purchase page did not seem to attract the attention of Dangdang customer service. Regarding the problems reflected by consumers, the relevant person in charge of Dangdang said in an interview that such incidents occurred at low frequency, and corresponding prevention and control measures have been taken for such incidents.

Kan Min, Vice President of Dangdang.com.The incidence of these examples you mentioned is very low, and we actually don’t monitor a lot.

journalist: How many have been detected?

Kan Min, Vice President of Dangdang.com.: Because there is still police intervention, including customer information, it is not convenient for us to say specific figures. If it is a customer complaint, Dangdang will immediately freeze the suspected gift card. When Dangdang’s risk control team scans the order and finds that there is a large amount of gift cards to buy goods that are easy to sell, it will also terminate the transaction first and then deliver the goods to customers when it is confirmed that it is not fraudulent.

journalist: Isn’t there a situation that consumers reported that there was no first freeze?

Kan Min, Vice President of Dangdang.com.: Yes, at present.

The reporter learned that most of the victims have reported the case and the case is still under investigation. So what measures should enterprises and consumers take to deal with the current situation of frequent online fraud?

Experts said that the modern online payment platform has developed rapidly and there are various fast payment tools, but it has also become a "fast track" for fraudsters to defraud property. In this case, the online shopping platform also has the obligation and responsibility to ensure the safety of consumers’ information and funds. According to the E-commerce Law, Cyber Security Law and other relevant laws, after such cyber security incidents, online shopping platforms should take corresponding remedial measures at the first time and report to the relevant competent authorities as required.

Lawyer Wang Weiwei of Beijing Jingshi Law FirmIf there are some network security incidents on the platform, we must first have an emergency plan, and at the same time have the obligation to inform consumers.

In addition, experts also remind consumers that when they receive the so-called "refund" and "money-returning" online shopping customer service and business phone calls, they should not easily disclose personal information, and they should not transfer money casually. They must make a decision after calling the announced official customer service phone number to avoid being deceived.

Wang Xiaowei, Associate Professor of Chinese People’s Public Security University.It is common sense that if you want a refund on the online shopping platform, you must do it on the platform. However, the liar will ask the victim to go to other channels outside the platform for a refund. When encountering all kinds of abnormal situations, it is possible to avoid being cheated and quickly see through this deception by asking more why and combining common sense.

　　Judging from various consumption data, urban vitality is rapidly recovering.

　　With the orderly resumption of work and production, the consumption fever soared during the May Day holiday.

　　From the data of local life and online shopping, consumer confidence is gradually picking up, and all walks of life are also welcoming recovery.

　　The consumption of catering, beauty and entertainment has warmed up in an all-round way.

　　According to the data of Meituan Research Institute, as of May 4, the recovery rate of consumption in the national life service industry has reached 91.5%, which is greatly improved compared with 75.9% on April 30.

　　The data shows that Shenzhen’s consumption heat surpassed all cities in China on May 1 this year, ranking first in the consumption heat city, while Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Ranked second to fourth respectively. According to the search data, in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, hot pot, barbecue/barbecue, crayfish and other keywords sit firmly in the top five search volumes in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Nationally, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Xi ‘an, Beijing and Chengdu have become the cities with the largest number of food and beverage orders.

　　At the same time, the "night economy" (the service-oriented economic activities that took place from 18: 00 that day to 2: 00 the next morning) that had been stagnant for several months due to the epidemic is rapidly recovering.

　　From the perspective of food and beverage consumption, during the period from 21: 00 pm to 2: 00 am from May 1 to May 3, barbecue is the most popular takeaway at night, and users in Guangzhou, Shenyang, Beijing and Wuhan prefer barbecue when ordering. Wuhan people ate 220,000 kebabs in three nights, while Beijingers fought even harder, eating 330,000 kebabs. Consumers in Shanghai, Changsha and Xi ‘an prefer crayfish. Consumers in Shanghai ate 240,000 crayfish in three nights. Judging from the growth rate of orders, the top ones are crayfish, milk tea and hot pot.

　　In addition to catering, fitness, pedicure and other activities have once again returned to staying up late. According to the data of Meituan, the fitness center and massage pedicure led the growth and recovery of offline stores. The night consumption growth rate of fitness center was 40.30%, and the massage and pedicure stores doubled, increasing by 105.22%.

　　Beauty and entertainment consumption has gradually returned to normal. During the period from April 29th to May 3rd, the order volume of beauty projects such as hair removal, manicure, SPA, skin management and acne on Meituan platform increased rapidly. Compared with March 30th to April 3rd, the growth rate of orders for hair removal projects reached 110.31%, and the growth rate of orders for manicure projects reached 106.50%, both of which doubled.

　　According to the data of Meituan’s platform, during the May Day period, the order volume of secret rooms increased by 536.63% compared with the same period of last month, and the order volume of bashing increased by 320.81% compared with the same period of last month.

　　The data shows that Shanghai’s beauty consumption and leisure and entertainment consumption rank first in the country, making it the most beautiful and fun city in the country.

　　The number of express parcels reached a new high.

　　In addition to catering and entertainment consumption, online shopping data during the May Day period also reached a new high.

　　According to the data released by Jingdong Logistics on May 6, the overall express delivery volume during the May Day holiday increased by nearly 70% compared with the same period of last year (May 1-5), nearly twice the growth rate of the industry; The more in low-tier cities, the more obvious the growth of express orders, with orders in 6-tier cities nearly doubling.

　　During the May 1 ST period, the volume of express delivery in Beijing increased by nearly 60% year-on-year, and that in Chengdu and Xi ‘an increased by nearly 70%. In this regard, Jingdong Logistics said that on the eve of May 1 ST, the emergency response level of public health emergencies in Beijing was lowered, and the courier brother was allowed to use the Jiankang code to register and enter the community, and the number of home delivery orders during the holidays increased to a certain extent.

　　After the unsealing in Wuhan, the number of express delivery orders also increased rapidly. According to the data of Jingdong Logistics, the volume of express delivery in Wuhan increased by 80% during the May Day period. According to the data of JD.COM, before Wuhan was unsealed on April 8, the express delivery volume of Jingdong Logistics had been restored to the same period of last year, and "ordering before going to bed and waking up to receive goods" had been normalized.

　　From the Spring Festival to Qingming and then to May Day, online consumption in the three major holidays has been in a growing trend, which is the main engine of consumer recovery.

　　The five-year-old baby who has not wet the bed for a long time suddenly "draws a map" frequently at night. Is it because of drinking too much water or kidney problems? The answer is beyond Bao Ma’s expectation — — All this is actually snoring.

　　Case playback

　　Came to the otorhinolaryngology department because of bedwetting

　　Cong Cong is a lively and lovely five-year-old boy, but in recent months, Cong Cong, who has long stopped wetting the bed, suddenly began to wet the bed again. At first, my mother didn’t care, just told Cong Cong to go to the toilet before going to sleep, but bed wetting still appeared from time to time, and Cong Cong often couldn’t wake up in the morning. My mother began to worry, and she took Cong Cong to the hospital in a hurry.

　　After arriving at the hospital, they went to urology and nephrology, and found no problems. Finally, under the recommendation of these two doctors, they came to otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery.

　　When I came here, the first question the doctor asked turned out to be: "Does the child snore when sleeping?" Congcong’s mother replied, "Yes, there is snoring, but is it related to bed wetting?" The doctor explained in no hurry that snoring does have something to do with bed wetting. These two symptoms seem unrelated, but in fact, many children’s bed wetting at night is caused by snoring.

　　How does snoring trigger bed wetting?

　　Under normal circumstances, we don’t snore when we sleep. However, if the upper airway of the nasal cavity or throat is locally narrowed for various reasons, when breathing, the airflow passes through the narrow place, and the muscles are vibrated to make a snoring sound.

　　Medically, this disease is called "obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome". The main manifestations of this kind of diseases are sleep snoring, mouth breathing and breath holding. What is more frightening than snoring is that children can’t breathe enough air when they sleep because of local stenosis such as nasal cavity or throat, which leads to insufficient oxygen supply. Over time, chronic hypoxia will affect children’s development in all aspects.

　　So, how does snoring cause bed wetting? Bedwetting is medically called nocturnal enuresis, which means that children over 5 years old involuntarily urinate at night. At present, its etiology is not clear, but many research reports show that it is related to obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Mainly, this disease can cause children to suffer from chronic hypoxia, resulting in oxidative stress reaction, leading to bladder instability and enuresis. At the same time, obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome can cause sympathetic nerve excitation, lead to a large number of catecholamine compounds accumulation, and eventually lead to nocturnal enuresis.

　　Due to the long-term lack of oxygen supply, children’s behavior and growth and development will be affected to some extent. In addition, due to long-term oral breathing, the impact of airflow on the hard palate will deform and arch the hard palate, and the development of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region will also change over time. Gradually, children will have short and thick upper lip, high arch of hard palate, irregular teeth arrangement, prominent upper incisors, difficult facial muscles to move, lack of expression, etc. This is the "adenoid face" that is widely concerned by parents at present.

　　Remember to see a doctor when your child has these symptoms.

　　Remind parents and friends that children snore, don’t underestimate them, and don’t think that children are just "tired of playing" or sleeping soundly.

　　Some children show short-term apnea, and parents can find that although the child is still breathing in the chest and abdomen while sleeping, there is no airflow through the mouth and nose. There are also some children who have no apnea, but their breathing during long-term sleep is in a state of insufficient ventilation. In the long run, children’s lack of ventilation at night and disordered sleep structure will cause a series of pathophysiological changes.

　　Children who snore often find it difficult to get up in the morning, often feel sleepy during the day, lack of concentration and hyperactivity, poor memory, learning difficulties, or nocturnal enuresis, growth retardation, hypertension, obesity, etc., and even some children may have psychological and behavioral abnormalities, such as abnormal shyness, rebellion or aggressive behavior. If the child often snores in sleep, or is accompanied by breathing with his mouth open, holding his breath at night, wetting the bed, etc., parents should take the child to the otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery.

　　At present, the clinical diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome is very mature, and many children have achieved satisfactory results after drug treatment or surgical treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment can not only restore children’s healthy and happy childhood as soon as possible, but also avoid various complications.

　　Text/Zhang Bing Lu Yingxia

　　(Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics)

Yesterday (December 10th), the National Health and Wellness Commission held a press conference and invited relevant experts to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter in China. What measures should schools, kindergartens and other institutions take to prevent the spread of respiratory diseases, and should they be vaccinated after they have recovered from cold symptoms? Understand the article ↓↓↓

one

The overall amount of diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in children fluctuated and decreased.

Mi Feng, spokesperson of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that at present, the overall amount of diagnosis and treatment of children’s respiratory diseases in medical institutions above the second level in the country has shown a downward trend, and the increase in pediatric diagnosis and treatment in some large children’s specialist hospitals and general hospitals has been alleviated.

Judging from the overall situation of fever clinics and emergency departments, the number of patients with respiratory diseases in China has been relatively stable in recent days, especially in primary medical institutions. The overall normal medical services in the country have not been affected.

2

What is the progress of influenza vaccination in China?

Xia Gang, director of the Department of Health and Immunity of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, said that this year’s influenza vaccine supply has the following characteristics:

First, the supply is early. Since July, vaccination units around the country have started influenza vaccination services one after another, earlier than the influenza epidemic season.

Second, the vaccine supply is sufficient. This year, the production and supply of influenza vaccine has increased significantly compared with last year, and it can meet the vaccination needs of the masses at this stage.

The third is to re-implement. Dispatch and deploy many times to guide all localities to actively promote the vaccination of influenza vaccine in accordance with the principle of informed consent.

three

What measures do key institutions and places take to prevent it?

Peng Zhibin, director of the Department of Respiratory Infectious Diseases of the Infectious Diseases Management Office of China CDC, said that schools, kindergartens, public transport and other areas are densely populated and relatively closed inside, and are key institutions and places for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.

For schools and child care institutions

First, we should vaccinate in time as soon as possible. Students, faculty and staff should carry out influenza vaccination as soon as possible to improve their own immune barrier and reduce the risk of illness;

Second, it is necessary to strengthen environmental cleanliness, maintain indoor hygiene, regularly open windows for ventilation, maintain indoor air flow, and improve classroom air quality. However, the outdoor temperature is low in winter and spring, and attention should be paid to keeping warm during window ventilation;

Third, it is suggested to strengthen health monitoring, do a good job in morning and afternoon check-ups, absenteeism registration, etc. Students and faculty members are advised not to go to work with illness to prevent infectious diseases from being introduced into schools or classrooms.

For public transport

First, it is necessary to do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the interior of vehicles, and ventilate regularly to ensure the air quality inside vehicles;

Second, it is suggested to wear a mask in the high incidence season of respiratory infectious diseases to reduce the risk of exposure and illness and be the first person responsible for your own health.

(Related news: What situations or scenes should you wear a mask? National CDC issued a document)

four

How to strengthen protection for young children and the elderly?

Peng Zhibin introduced that winter and spring are the high season of respiratory infectious diseases, the immune system of young children is still not perfect, and the immune function of the elderly is relatively weak. On the basis of maintaining good personal hygiene habits and clean environment, it is necessary to focus on strengthening the following protective measures:

The first is to carry out vaccination as soon as possible. Vaccination can effectively reduce infection and reduce the risk of severe diseases, which is the most effective and economical means to prevent infectious diseases. Young children and the elderly should be vaccinated against COVID-19, influenza and pneumococcus as soon as possible.

Second, young children and the elderly should try to avoid going to places with closed environment and crowded people. When it is really necessary to go, they should wear masks scientifically to reduce the risk of respiratory infectious diseases.

The third is to strengthen the daily health monitoring of young children and the elderly. When there are symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases such as fever and cough, they should seek medical advice as soon as possible and use drugs scientifically and safely according to the doctor’s advice.

In addition, when other family members have respiratory infectious diseases, they should try to avoid close contact, especially to avoid contact with young children and the elderly at home. When children whose family members have symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases such as fever and cough go to the hospital, they should also protect themselves and avoid cross-infection.

five

Are you still vaccinated after you have recovered from cold symptoms?

Xia Gang, director of the Department of Health and Immunity of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, said that if flu-like symptoms have already appeared, it is recommended to continue to vaccinate against influenza after the diagnosis is not confirmed and self-healing. There are two reasons:

First, the symptoms of respiratory tract infection are not specific, and many pathogenic infections may have flu-like symptoms such as fever and headache. However, such symptoms are not necessarily infected with influenza virus, but may also be infected with other pathogens, the most common being the common cold.

Second, there are many types (except A, there are B) and subtypes (A has H1N1 subtype and H3N2 subtype) of influenza virus, which can cause epidemic. After being infected with a certain type or subtype, there will be the risk of getting other types or subtypes of influenza. Influenza vaccine is a multivalent vaccine covering many different types and subtypes, and trivalent and tetravalent vaccines are usually used. If you are vaccinated after being infected with a certain type of influenza (such as A), the components of other types of influenza (such as B) contained in it can still play a role in preventing this type of influenza. In addition, in the same epidemic season, different types and subtypes are commonly prevalent. For example, at present, subtype A (H3N2) is dominant, followed by influenza B.. In the past, in the same epidemic season, the dominant strains gradually changed from one type to another.

Therefore, even if you have had cold symptoms recently, it is recommended to get flu vaccine as soon as possible after recovery, especially for key people such as the elderly. Vaccination with flu vaccine can reduce infection and reduce the risk of serious illness and death.

six

On the effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccine

Peng Zhibin, director of the Department of Respiratory Infectious Diseases of the Infectious Diseases Management Office of China CDC, said that people’s understanding of the harmfulness of diseases, the safety and effectiveness of vaccines all affect their willingness to vaccinate. Peng Zhibin responded to three questions at the press conference:

First of all, about the dangers of influenza. Influenza is not a common cold, but an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. People are generally susceptible to influenza virus, and high-risk groups such as infants, the elderly and patients with chronic diseases are more harmful after being infected with influenza, and may have serious complications such as pneumonia.

Secondly, about the effectiveness of influenza vaccine. Scientific research and vaccination practice have fully proved that influenza vaccination is effective. For the elderly who are at high risk of becoming seriously ill after being infected with influenza, influenza vaccination can effectively reduce the incidence of influenza and the incidence of influenza-related complications in the elderly. Some researchers have made a comprehensive analysis of 95 studies on the protection effect of influenza vaccine in the world. The results show that in the flu season, after the elderly are vaccinated with influenza vaccine, the flu-like symptoms can be reduced by 39%, the confirmed flu can be reduced by 49%, and the flu-related complications can be reduced by 28%.

Taking another key population, children and adolescents, as an example, influenza vaccination can effectively reduce the incidence of influenza in school-age children, and can also reduce absenteeism from school due to influenza. Research conducted in Beijing shows that large-scale centralized vaccination of influenza vaccine for primary and secondary school students can reduce the risk of influenza concentrated fever by 50%-89%. The research carried out in Shenzhen shows that the high vaccination rate of influenza vaccine can effectively reduce the risk of absenteeism, and the preventive effect on absenteeism is 53%.

Third, about the safety of vaccines. Influenza vaccine has been used in the world and China for decades. It is a mature vaccine with good safety.

seven

These vaccines are also recommended for key populations.

Xia Gang said that in addition to influenza vaccination this winter and next spring, pneumococcal vaccine and Covid-19 vaccine are also recommended for the elderly and people with chronic basic diseases;

For children, it is suggested that on the basis of continuing to do a good job in immunization planning vaccination, non-immunization planning vaccines such as pneumococcal vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine can also be vaccinated.

No matter whether it is an immunization program vaccine or a non-immunization program vaccine, the requirements of vaccination specifications should be strictly followed during the vaccination process.

Original title: "Key population suggested to vaccinate these vaccines, National Health Commission latest bulletin! 》

Read the original text

　　Investigation motive

　　"Delta Omicron Co-circulation", "Six Yangkang tourists in a scenic spot died of heart failure", "Beijing tap water is sunny" and "Express delivery industry closed on January 8 due to epidemic situation" … … For some time, there have been rumors about the epidemic-related network, distorting the national epidemic prevention policy, dispelling the people’s confidence in fighting the epidemic, seriously endangering social stability, and the people hate it.

　　Recently, the Central Network Information Office reported typical cases of epidemic rumors. The relevant person in charge said that it will continue to resolutely crack down on rumors and rumors, and strictly investigate and deal with account subjects who publish rumors. At the same time, relevant departments and netizens are welcome to actively participate in reporting, provide relevant clues, and work together to eradicate online rumors. Living soil.

　　Why are epidemic-related rumors repeatedly banned, why do some rumors come back after rumors, and how to effectively rectify and purify cyberspace? With these questions, the reporter conducted an in-depth investigation and interview.

　　□ Our reporter Zhang Shoukun Wen Lijuan

　　"Yangkang is not equal to health. Yesterday, several people died in Laojunding skiing, all of them were Yangkang, and suddenly they suffered from heart failure after strenuous exercise." Recently, the net spread "Qinhuangdao Laojunding Scenic Area ‘ Yangkang ’ The information that 6 tourists died of heart failure has attracted attention. After investigation, the news was false information. At present, the rumored woman Ma has been administratively detained by the police.

　　From "killing the whole city tonight" to "increasing chlorine injection into tap water", from "nucleic acid sampling is toxic" to "mask raw materials will cause pulmonary nodules", from "a positive man is transferred by crane" to "a container is used to operate a positive patient somewhere", from "the tap water will spread the virus" to "you can choose a mild strain to infect and produce antibodies" … …

　　In the investigation, the reporter of "Rule of Law Daily" found that every once in a while, all kinds of epidemic-related rumors circulating on the Internet will be "updated". Some of them deliberately misinterpret and fabricate epidemic prevention policies, and some carry out pseudo-popular science under the guise of science. Because they are related to the epidemic situation, these rumors can easily attract people’s attention and get a lot of attention and forwarding, which leads to many people’s doubts, anxiety, panic and other emotions, and even interferes with the normal epidemic prevention and control work.

　　A number of interviewed experts said that to rectify online rumors and purify cyberspace, we must further compact the platform responsibility, improve the information review and judgment mechanism, and control the release of epidemic-related rumors at the source; It is necessary to severely punish rumors according to law, and if serious consequences are caused, criminal punishment will be given.

　　Internet rumors about epidemic diseases continue.

　　Rumors make money by draining.

　　On New Year’s Day this year, Yin Kang, a citizen of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, who opened the social software early in the morning, found that there were several rumors that had been continuously refuted in his social group and circle of friends.

　　At the end of the holiday, when I went to work, some colleagues told Yin Kang mysteriously with a bottle of Erguotou, that high alcohol can prevent COVID-19 infection. Would you like some? What bothers Yin Kang even more is that grandpa, who had given up smoking and drinking because of his poor liver and lungs, immediately asked his family to smoke and drink … …

　　Yin Kang said that although there are many rumors like this, people with discerning eyes know that they are false at first glance, but because of the rapid spread and wide range, some people, especially many elderly people, are willing to believe it. In addition, there are still many rumors that are cloaked in science, and the tone is so convincing that it is difficult for ordinary people to distinguish them.

　　Not long ago, WeChat Security Center announced the top ten rumors that were most widely circulated in the circle of friends in 2022, many of which were related to the epidemic situation, such as the toxic reagent on the "sampling cotton swab", the daily subsidy during the epidemic, and the prevention of Covid-19 by soaking Stephania in water. For Pan Ying in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, these rumors are familiar to her.

　　"These top ten rumors have been forwarded by my family elders to the group. In recent years, I have been on the road of rumors, and I have tried my best to tell my family that these are false, but rumors have always existed, especially about the epidemic. This rumor has come again, and some rumors that have been rumored will come back after a while, and every rumor, no matter how outrageous, will always be believed by my family." Pan Ying said.

　　Recently, news about Covid-19 Omicron mutant XBB has been rampant. The latest news shows that the introduction of a new strain XBB.1.5 has been detected in Shanghai. At present, there are many rumors about XBB.1.5 on the Internet, especially a screen shot circulating on the Internet platform, saying that all the strains prevalent in China are the younger brother of XBB.1.5, which mainly focuses on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and will cause diarrhea. It is suggested that the public prepare montmorillonite powder, norfloxacin, rehydration salts, probiotics and so on. Shanghai rumor platform said that the screenshot exaggerated the pathogenicity of XBB.1.5, and did not rule out people with ulterior motives to promote products. Many doctors have warned not to take montmorillonite powder, norfloxacin and other drugs as mentioned in the screenshot at will.

　　In the investigation, the reporter found that since the epidemic prevention and control work was carried out, all kinds of information about the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection have always occupied an eye-catching position on social apps, websites and other network platforms, including many old and new rumors. Moreover, the rumors related to the epidemic have different distribution characteristics in different stages of the epidemic development, reflecting the changes in public sentiment and demand, which may make people have a wrong understanding of COVID-19 infection and adopt wrong means in the process of preventing and treating COVID-19, thus affecting the normal epidemic prevention and control work.

　　The Public Opinion Center of the Rule of Law Network conducted a public opinion analysis on Internet rumors about epidemic diseases caused by high fever, and found that social platforms have become a "Petri dish" for rumors about epidemic diseases. Most rumors about epidemic diseases come from social platforms and spread mainly through chat groups, friends circle, WeChat official account and video numbers, among which chat groups and friends circle are the main positions for communication. This is because the "strong relationship" social circle has the characteristics of privacy, closure, agglomeration, etc. The privacy of the acquaintance relationship chain makes it difficult to track the process of information production and forwarding, and at the same time, the credibility and forwarding volume of rumors are greatly increased, thus achieving cross-group and cross-platform communication. In addition, all kinds of short video platforms have become the new "source" of online rumors. The presence and authenticity of short videos increase the persuasiveness of rumors and often mislead the public to believe them.

　　Why are some publishers keen to fabricate rumors? The Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security has revealed this, and there will be advertisements inserted under the content released by the rumors or in the comment area. The more traffic advertisers are exposed and clicked, the more revenue they will get. "It can be said that every time you click, the rumor maker can make money."

　　Yin Kang said that many of his friends and family members feel that forwarding this information at will can remind more people, and it is a positive energy behavior. Even if it is false, it will not cause any losses to others. As a result, it has become a disseminator who has expanded the scope of rumors unconsciously.

　　Hair under the guise of official name

　　The platform is responsible for governance.

　　Recently, a notice claiming to be from "President of Changzhou Red Cross Society" spread widely. According to the notice, if brown sugar, ginger, scallion and garlic are boiled in water, the probability of being infected with the virus is almost zero. Li Lei of Heze City, Shandong Province has also received an "anti-epidemic prescription" from his old mother at home. However, Li Lei’s online verification found that the screenshot had been spread on the Internet as early as February 2020. At that time, the staff of Changzhou Red Cross Society rumored that the organization and the president had not released the above information.

　　"Most of them can be seen as rumors at a glance, and even a large part of them have been rumored by the government and proved to be rumors. I wonder why many rumors have been repeatedly banned, and some people are convinced of the rumors that have been rumored." Li Lei said.

　　Pan Ying said that she saw many rumors, all of which were published under the guise of official organizations. "I used to receive short messages informing me of nucleic acid testing and the health code turning red, which said that they were sent by the CDC and left a phone number. Some of them were true and some were false, so many people were cheated, which led me to doubt their authenticity as long as I saw the epidemic-related text messages now."

　　"There are too many rumors. We may remember them for a while after rumors, but we are not professionals. Most people may forget them in a month or two, and it is difficult to distinguish similar rumors when they come again." Pan Ying said.

　　According to Li Junhui, a special researcher at the Intellectual Property Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, there are three main reasons for the repeated prohibition of epidemic-related rumors. First, epidemic-related information is the focus of public attention, which is related to the individual’s concern about how to avoid being infected and how to deal with it after infection. Second, it is related to the insufficient, untimely and incomplete release of epidemic-related information in some areas, because real information can not meet or solve public concerns, and it will naturally be attracted by some false information; Third, the information of epidemic-related rumors has the characteristics of confirmation, illustration or difficulty in distinguishing authenticity, which makes the relevant information easily misinformed and further misinformed.

　　What kind of responsibility may the rumor-monger bear for spreading rumors about the epidemic?

　　Ai Hongqiang, a lawyer of Beijing Jingshi (Quanzhou) Law Firm, told reporters that according to the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment, those who spread rumors, lied about dangerous situations, epidemics, police situations or deliberately disturbed public order by other means will face detention and fines. If a citizen’s personal reputation right is infringed by spreading rumors, according to relevant regulations, the infringer will bear the responsibility of stopping the infringement, restoring the reputation, eliminating the influence, apologizing and compensating for the losses. In addition, making and spreading epidemic rumors may also bear criminal responsibility.

　　At the end of November last year, the Central Network Information Office reported that in view of the recent rumors in the fields of epidemic prevention and control, emergencies, and people’s livelihood, it urged and guided the website platform to strengthen monitoring and verification, and the key website platforms handled more than 5,400 accounts for spreading rumors on the Internet, which was the first time. Trace the source and close the initial account.

　　Experts interviewed by reporters believe that the network platform has an unshirkable responsibility for the governance of epidemic-related information.

　　Li Junhui believes that the network platform should classify information, and make clear what belongs to the simple sharing of individual experiences and what belongs to the misleading information release. For all kinds of information released by users on the platform, a review and judgment mechanism should be established in time, and the experience sharing review with high similarity in information content should be strengthened to avoid spreading false epidemic-related information and causing public panic. For the release of rescue information, it is necessary to ensure that the rescue information can be released normally, and also to prevent criminals from simply copying and applying other people’s help information for release, which will affect public judgment.

　　The relevant staff of Tik Tok Platform told reporters that recently, during routine inspections, the platform found that a very small number of users posted content without medical basis, such as "COVID-19’s remedies for reducing fever — — Boiled soybean water to drink ","Smoked mugwort leaves and moxa sticks can wipe out Covid-19 ","Never eat food when you have a fever, including eggs and milk "and so on. The above contents have been refuted by authoritative media and medical experts. In this regard, the platform has given a continuous blow and treatment. Since November 2022, the platform has handled 332,600 false videos related to the epidemic and marked more than 200,000 suspicious contents.

　　Timely release of authoritative information

　　Crack down on epidemic rumors according to law

　　Recently, Shanghai Rumor-dispelling Platform has sorted out the recent rumors, classified them according to four major themes: prevention, symptoms, treatment and life, and attached suggestions and opinions from medical experts and authoritative organizations, hoping to present a practical "prevention and control book" for the public.

　　The reporter found that by searching for "epidemic situation" or switching to the "anti-epidemic" column on Tik Tok’s homepage, users can enter the epidemic prevention rumor area in Tik Tok and check the relevant knowledge; When Baidu searches with keywords such as "COVID-19" and "epidemic situation", there will also be a rumor-dispelling area and a national epidemic prevention hot search list to give users more scientific guidance.

　　The relevant departments have been taking action to crack down on rumors related to the epidemic.

　　Publishing and spreading false epidemic-related information through the Internet and deliberately creating and spreading epidemic-related rumors have seriously affected the normal public order. Hubei public security organs severely cracked down according to law and seriously investigated the relevant legal responsibilities of publishers, forwarders, group owners, administrators and other personnel.

　　On October 8, 2022, Huang, a citizen of Jianli City, Hubei Province, spread rumors about the epidemic in many social groups. Hu, a citizen of the city, forwarded it to his personal short video account without verification and spread again. The behavior of the two people caused panic among local residents and caused adverse effects. The Hongcheng Police Station in Jianli City organized a police investigation, quickly found the communicators Huang and Hu, and carried out legal education for them. The two clarified the rumor. In the end, the violator Huang was sentenced to five days’ administrative detention and Hu was sentenced to a fine of 200 yuan.

　　In November last year, the Network Information Office of Yulin Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Public Security Bureau of Yulin City of Shaanxi Province issued the Notice on Combating and Rectifying Internet Rumors Related to the Epidemic in accordance with the Law, prohibiting the compilation and distribution of false information and resolutely resisting online rumors. Website platforms, media people and Internet group administrators should strictly review the sources and contents of information related to the epidemic. If publishing and disseminating false information through the Internet has caused serious social impact, online letters and public security organs will crack down on relevant websites, platforms and Internet accounts according to laws and regulations.

　　Recently, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province officially issued a notice, and the information related to the epidemic is subject to the official information released by the epidemic prevention and control headquarters at all levels in the city. For the information related to the epidemic that has not been officially confirmed, it is not published, disseminated, commented, believed, rumored or spread. What has been published should be deleted immediately to actively eliminate the adverse social impact. If it cannot be deleted, it is necessary to promptly dispel rumors and take the initiative to explain the situation to the public.

　　According to Hu Gang, Deputy Secretary-General of internet society of china Legal Work Committee, at present, China has built a legal system of epidemic reporting, notification and publication, which is mainly based on the law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases and emergency regulations for public health emergencies, and a legal system of online rumor management, which is mainly based on the Civil Code, the Criminal Law, the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment, the E-commerce Law, the Network Security Law, and the Internet information service management measures, and has continuously carried out special actions such as "clearing and cracking down on online rumors and false information" to supervise the website platform to effectively perform information content management.

　　How can we make the rumors about the epidemic no longer "outcrop"?

　　Li Junhui said that in order to accurately crack down on false or rumor information related to the epidemic, it is necessary to have real and scientific information release subjects or strengthen the linkage between the regulatory authorities and platforms, and subjects with information screening ability and conditions should participate in the review of information release on various platforms to control rumor information release from the source. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the big data analysis of information released by users, refine the focus of users’ attention, and timely release authoritative information to respond, so as to relieve or reduce public concerns. Those who are suspected of deliberately creating and spreading false information shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

　　Hu Gang suggested that the early warning system of infectious diseases and the information disclosure system of infectious diseases should be improved, and the national information on legal infectious diseases should be regularly published by China CDC, and the disease control institutions at or above the county level should regularly publish information on legal infectious diseases in their respective administrative regions. When an infectious disease breaks out and is prevalent, the competent health department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall publish the epidemic information within its administrative area; When infectious diseases break out and spread across provinces, the competent department of health in the State Council shall be responsible for the announcement. At the same time, to improve the website platform’s ability to accurately control the rumors of epidemic-related networks, Internet industry associations can build information sharing and joint punishment mechanisms, and those who repeatedly maliciously publish rumors can be punished by releasing information within a limited time or prohibiting the release.

　　Comics/Li Xiaojun　　

　　Double 11 just closed. On November 15th, Ali (HK09988, share price of HK$ 87.20, market value of HK$ 1.67 trillion) handed over the report card of the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 (the quarter ending September 30th, 2024).

　　The financial report shows that in this quarter, Ali’s income was 236.503 billion yuan, up 5% year-on-year, and the net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders was 43.874 billion yuan.

　　In the e-commerce business that has attracted much attention, in this quarter, the growth of GMV on Amoy Antenna was driven by the double-digit year-on-year growth of order volume, which was mainly driven by the increase of purchase frequency and partly offset by the decrease of average order amount.

　　In addition, Ali also mentioned the achievements of this year’s "double 11". During this year’s "double 11", Taobao Tmall GMV achieved strong growth, and the number of buyers reached a record high.

　　For this financial report, Wu Yongming, CEO of Ali Group, said that this quarter, Taotian business continued to invest in user experience and enrich product supply to better serve consumers. He said that he has more confidence in the prospect of core business than in the past, and will continue to invest to support long-term growth. The operating efficiency of other businesses continues to improve, and most businesses continue to improve profitability or reduce losses.

　　It is worth mentioning that in this quarter alone, Ali has made a lot of moves in the e-commerce business. Since September 1st this year, Taotian began to charge the basic software service fee based on GMV for transactions on the platform. In July, Taobao announced the optimization of the "refund only" strategy. In addition, this quarter, Taotian also cancelled and refunded the annual fee of merchants, and improved the operating efficiency of merchants through "all-site promotion". This series of actions may indicate that Taotian has a new strategic direction in e-commerce business.

　　It is worth mentioning that this quarter’s financial report shows that Alibaba continued to buy back shares, and this quarter invested 4.1 billion US dollars to buy back 414 million common shares, and the outstanding shares further decreased by 2.1% compared with the end of June.

　　Increase investment in e-commerce business: have high expectations for the growth of Taotian users.

　　As far as this quarter is concerned, Ali is increasing investment in domestic and overseas e-commerce business and has made many layout actions.

　　As far as Taotian Group is concerned, the financial report mentioned that this quarter, Taotian increased investment in strategic measures such as goods with competitive prices, customer service, membership system rights and technologies, aiming at improving the user experience. These measures have brought higher purchase frequency and better feedback on the overall shopping experience than the same period last year.

　　At the analyst conference call that night, Ali executives stated in detail that for Taobao Tmall platform, the current strategy is to increase investment in the whole user experience and business side while improving profitability. "In terms of investment, there will be many ways. First, we will broaden the supply advantages, such as price power, new products and brands with competitive advantages, and we will also provide users with a better user experience."

　　He also mentioned that he will continue to invest in the technology platform, especially in the computing power investment of e-commerce. There are many AI-related products under development, and these AI-related products will need to use relatively strong AI computing power.

　　In addition, Ali further mentioned the value of 88VIP in the financial report. According to him, 88VIP members are the consumer groups with the highest purchasing power, and their number continued to increase by double digits year-on-year this quarter, reaching 46 million.

　　Ali mentioned that high-end consumers are loyal customers who can increase the frequency of purchase and promote the growth of GMV. Therefore, it is committed to continuously increasing the number of 88VIP members by enhancing the investment in membership rights and services.

　　It is worth mentioning that in September, Taobao announced that it would gradually open WeChat payment to all Taobao Tmall merchants after September 12.

　　In this regard, in the analyst conference call, Ali executives said that after accessing WeChat payment, they have high expectations for user growth and will make relatively medium-and long-term investment in user growth and retention. "The future is a relatively large investment direction." He said that Taotian is still in the investment period at this stage, and will continue to pay attention to investment efficiency at this stage, and at the same time make better and greater investments by improving CMR.

　　It is worth mentioning that, in this quarter, Taotiantian is trying to better balance the relationship with merchants, regardless of the direction of collecting basic software service fees based on GMV, loosening the "refund only" and investing, and has made a lot of efforts to improve the experience of merchants on the platform. In this year’s "double 11", Taotian is no longer blindly "rolling in low prices", and its attention to middle and high-end consumers such as 88VIP is also rising, which shows that it is competing with Pinduoduo’s low-price route in a dislocation way.

　　In this conference call, Ali executives mentioned: "I think this year is a turning point. For brand owners, they will really choose a platform that can bring them more sales, rather than simply putting in a growth. Under this circumstance, Taobao Tmall’s advantage in obtaining brand budgets will expand in the future. "

　　According to the financial report, the customer management revenue of China retail business of Taotian Group increased by 2% year-on-year, mainly due to the growth of online GMV.

　　In the overseas e-commerce business, Ali’s investment is still not small. In this quarter, the revenue of Ali International Digital Business Group increased by 29% year-on-year, and the economic benefit of AliExpress Choice business unit improved month-on-month.

　　However, in this quarter, the adjusted EBITA (profit before interest, tax and amortization) of the international digital business group was a loss of RMB 2.905 billion, compared with a loss of RMB 384 million in the same period of 2023, which was mainly due to the increase in investment in AliExpress and Trendyol’s cross-border business, partly offset by the significant reduction in operating losses caused by the improvement of Lazada’s liquidity rate and operational efficiency.

　　Affected by cross-border business, rookie revenue increased by 8% year-on-year to 24.647 billion yuan this quarter, mainly due to the growth of cross-border logistics service revenue.

　　While increasing investment in e-commerce business, the financial report shows that in this quarter, the losses of local life group and big entertainment group both narrowed year-on-year, and the business operation efficiency was optimized in a planned and rhythmic manner. At the same time, hungry, high-tech orders increased, and business scale increased.

　　Will e-commerce turn from "low price war" to "AI war"?

　　In this quarter’s financial report, the presence of AI is still not low.

　　Ali’s financial report mentioned that focusing on the integrated development of "Cloud +AI", Alibaba Cloud’s commercial income growth accelerated, and its quarterly income increased by 7% year-on-year. It is worth noting that it continues to be driven by the double-digit growth of public clouds, and the revenue of AI-related products has achieved three-digit year-on-year growth for five consecutive quarters; Adjusted EBITA increased by 89% year-on-year.

　　On the conference call, Ali executives even said: "We believe that the prelude of the AI ? ? era has only started at a high level, and it is still in the early stage of API reform. The imagination of AI for the future will not be limited to mobile phone screens, but will reshape the digital world, which will eventually affect or even change all walks of life in the physical world."

　　According to the reporter’s understanding, Ali’s "AI-driven" strategy has been launched for one year, and many businesses under Ali have launched AI. In the e-commerce business alone, many products have been launched.

　　When Ali released this financial report, he mentioned that Taobao launched AI products as "business stewards" for all businesses. This year, "double 11" has served 4 million businesses and helped small and medium-sized businesses generate more than 100 million products and marketing materials. Ali also mentioned that the penetration rate of the AI-driven marketing tool "all-site promotion" has steadily increased, helping businesses to improve marketing efficiency and further improve the level of commercialization in a rhythm.

　　In addition, on October 28th, Ali International Station comprehensively upgraded AI foreign trade products. According to the data provided by Ali International Station, at present, more than 60,000 small and medium-sized enterprises around the world are using the AI products of Ali International Station, and the scale of products released by AI has reached 7 million. Recently, Ali International also launched Accio, the world’s first AI Search engine in B2B field, which is open to global businesses and officially entered the AI Search circuit.

　　According to reports, users can use "vernacular" to ask about AI and put forward demands. Accio will take the initiative to sort out and understand what users really want through many rounds of dialogues, and disassemble demands, investigate the market and give suggestions through professional B2B industry knowledge, so as to screen suppliers and recommend goods more accurately, and provide one-stop intelligent procurement services like a truly professional agent.

　　In fact, many platforms have launched AI search products recently. Will the emergence of AI products bring new changes to the e-commerce world?

　　Pan Helin, a member of the Information and Communication Economy Expert Committee of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, told the national business daily that AI search has two functions, one is to help users find answers to some difficult questions or search links. Another function is to guide the links that Ali and Tik Tok want users to see in the optional search results. Therefore, this can bring traffic to e-commerce and content platforms, which is a new idea for e-commerce development at present.

　　In the eyes of the industry, the changes that AI can bring to the e-commerce world are indeed not only as simple as reducing costs and increasing efficiency. Zhuang Shuai, the founder of Bailian Consulting, told national business daily that AI is reshaping e-commerce. In his view, AI can not only (enhance) the attractiveness of merchants, but also bring about changes in profit model (service income can be greatly improved), and improve the efficiency of new product research and development, improve differentiated supply and reduce price competition.

　　It is worth mentioning that while successively launching AI products and rushing to invest in AI startups, there has even been a war of grabbing people between Internet platforms.

　　On November 13th, according to the science and technology innovation board Journal, it was reported that Zhou Chang, a former employee of ali tong Yida Model, had violated the non-competition agreement, and Ali had sued and submitted an application for labor dispute arbitration. After Zhou Chang left his post in July this year, some media reported that Zhou Chang had joined Byte in August to work on AI big model. In the long run, after the low-price war, the AI ? ? war between major Internet will also affect the ranking of major e-commerce platforms in the e-commerce world.

　　For Ali, the whole fiscal year of 2025 is over half, and the highlight "double 11" has also ended. Under the leadership of the management, Taotian has made a shift in business strategy and further interconnection, but on the whole, Ali is still increasing investment in e-commerce business, and it is still inconclusive how many positive effects these new measures can bring to Taotian, which was originally trapped in stock competition. However, judging from the external expression of the management, after a short period of reflection, Ali’s confidence in the future has returned.

What do you know about the custom of Dragon Boat Festival?

DUAN

erect

WU

noon

Dragon Boat Festival is one of the four traditional festivals in China.

Celebrate every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.

The origins and customs are rich and varied.

Has profound cultural connotation.

The origin of Duanwu Festival

It is said that the custom of eating zongzi and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Qu Yuan, a great poet in Chinese history. It is precisely because of this that the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet’s Day" after the founding of New China.

In the history of our country, the saying that the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Qu Yuan has a history of more than 1500 years. According to legend, after Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River, the local people immediately rowed for rescue and went all the way to Dongting Lake, but Qu Yuan’s body was never seen. At that time, it was rainy, and the boats on the lake gathered together beside the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that it was to salvage the virtuous minister Dr. Qu, they went out in the rain again and rushed into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to mourn, people rowed on rivers, and then it gradually developed into a dragon boat race. The people were afraid that the fish in the river would eat his body, so they went home to bring rice balls and throw them into the river to prevent fish and shrimp from ruining Qu Yuan’s body. Later, it became the custom to eat zongzi.

The custom of Duanwu Festival

dragon boat race

Dragon boat race is the main custom of the Dragon Boat Festival. According to legend, it originated in ancient times, because Chu people could not bear to part with Qu Yuan, a worthy minister, and died in the river, many people rowed to catch up and save. They scrambled to catch up with each other until Dongting Lake disappeared. After that, I will row a dragon boat on May 5th every year to commemorate it. People use dragon boats to disperse the fish in the river so as not to eat Qu Yuan’s body. The habit of racing is prevalent in Wu, Yue and Chu.

Dragon boat race. Mai Mai Ti Sa Wu Ti photo

eat Zongzi

Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival is another traditional custom of Chinese residents. Zongzi, also known as "horn millet" and "tube zongzi". It has a long history and various patterns. On the morning of Dragon Boat Festival, families eat zongzi to commemorate Qu Yuan. Generally, they wrap zongzi the day before, cook them at night and eat them in the morning. Dumplings are mainly made of tender reed leaves which are abundant along the river pond, and bamboo leaves are also useful in some areas, collectively called zongye. The traditional form of zongzi is triangle, which is generally named after the inner pulp. The glutinous rice dumplings are called rice dumplings, the ones mixed with adzuki beans are called adzuki dumplings, and the ones mixed with red dates are called jujube dumplings, which are collectively called glutinous rice dumplings. Jujube dumplings are homophonic for "early middle school", so they are eaten the most, and children who intend to study can win the championship early. In the past, scholars used to eat jujube dumplings in the morning on the day of taking the imperial examination. Up to now, parents have to make jujube dumplings for candidates on the morning of the entrance examination day for middle schools and universities, wishing them a good school.

Tie colorful ropes and wear sachets.

Five-color lines are mainly composed of five colors: green, red, white, black and yellow. These five colors are called auspicious colors, and they can be worn on the Dragon Boat Festival to keep you safe. Later, the custom of tying colorful ropes gradually evolved into hanging sachets, and children wore sachets on the Dragon Boat Festival. Legend has it that it meant to ward off evil spirits and drive away plague (in ancient times, people thought that they were sick because of monsters and ghosts), but it was actually used to decorate the inner head. The sachet contains cinnabar, realgar and fragrant medicine, wrapped with silk cloth, which is full of fragrance, and then tied with five-color silk threads to form a rope, making a string in various shapes, all kinds of shapes, small and lovely. In some southern cities of China, young men and women also use sachets to express their deep love.

Hanging wormwood and calamus

A folk proverb says, "Willows are inserted in Qingming Festival, and Ai is inserted in Dragon Boat Festival". On the Dragon Boat Festival, people regard inserting wormwood and calamus as one of the important contents. Every household should sweep the courtyard and put calamus and moxa sticks in the lintel and hang them in the hall. Acorus calamus, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Liuhua, Bulbus Allii and Dragon Boat Flower are made into human or tiger shapes, which are called Ai Ren and Ai Hu. It is made into garlands and ornaments, which are beautiful and fragrant, and women compete to wear them to drive away evil. Dragon Boat Festival is also a "health festival" handed down from ancient times. On this day, people sweep the courtyard, hang mugwort, hang calamus, sprinkle realgar water, drink realgar wine, stir up turbidity, remove rot, sterilize and prevent diseases. They are considered to have the effect of exorcising evil spirits and protecting the health and safety of family members.

Point realgar wine

Realgar is also a kind of medicinal material, which is said to kill all kinds of poisons. Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, Shaanxi people will soak realgar in wine and put realgar wine on children’s ears, nose, forehead, wrists and ankles. It is said that this practice can keep mosquitoes, snakes, scorpions, centipedes, geckos and spiders off their bodies.

Eat salted duck eggs

Eating salted duck eggs on the Dragon Boat Festival is a big custom. As the saying goes, "You have to eat salted egg zongzi to send the chill." After the Dragon Boat Festival, it indicates that the hot summer is coming, and the activities of animals and plants have entered a vigorous stage. In addition, the humid climate and the active diseases, pests and bacteria are easy to cause many diseases. Eating salted duck eggs on the Dragon Boat Festival can detoxify and help keep healthy.

The contents of the Dragon Boat Festival customs are rich and varied, including polo, grass fighting, painting, flying kites, and there are some small differences in details because of different regional cultures throughout the country.

Do you understand these customs of the Dragon Boat Festival?

(Material source network, invasion and deletion)

Kashi Rong communication center

Editor: Yuan Wei

Original title: "How much do you know about eating zongzi and rowing dragon boats?" 》

Read the original text

　　According to the "Beijing Release" news, according to the arrangement of the leading group for epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, Beijing, this afternoon (December 2), the Information Office of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government organized the Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission, the Beijing Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the Xicheng District People’s Government, the Chaoyang District People’s Government, the Haidian District People’s Government, the Fengtai District People’s Government, the Tongzhou District People’s Government and other relevant units to launch an epidemic prevention and control network release. Beijing Press Release cooperates with other platform accounts of Beijing Communications, Healthy Beijing, Beijing Xicheng, Beijing Chaoyang, Beijing Haidian, Beijing Fengtai and Beijing Tongzhou Press Release Office to inform the latest epidemic situation in Beijing, release relevant policies and information on prevention and control, and respond to social concerns.

　　Chaoyang District People’s Government issued:

　　From 0: 00 to 24: 00 on December 1, 232 local confirmed cases and 1,050 asymptomatic infected people were added in Chaoyang District, including 52 social screening personnel and 1,230 isolated observers.

　　From 0: 00 to 15: 00 on December 2, there were 434 newly infected people with COVID-19 virus in Chaoyang District, including 20 social screening personnel and 414 isolated observers.

　　Chaoyang District continues to strictly implement the ninth edition of the prevention and control plan and 20 optimization measures, focus on key areas to overcome difficulties and resolutely curb the upward trend of the epidemic in accordance with the requirements of prevention and control by zoning and classification.

　　First, concentrate on tackling key areas with high epidemic incidence, and follow the principles of "optimal allocation of resources, simplification and efficiency, overall planning and concentration, classified management, and scientific accuracy".Focus on the streets and townships with high epidemic incidence and the streets and townships with increasing cases in recent days, further coordinate resources, strengthen the whole process management such as detection, flow adjustment, transshipment and isolation, improve the quality and efficiency of disposal in all links, find and locate risk personnel and points at the fastest speed, and prevent the spread of risks.

　　Second, continue to improve the medical treatment and security system, add designated medical institutions for risk personnel, strengthen the multi-disciplinary rescue capacity of fever clinics and emergency departments, and require medical institutions in the district not to refuse medical treatment or delay medical treatment for any reason, and make good use of all kinds of medical resources in the district;Continue to improve the accounts of children, pregnant women, long-term dialysis patients, tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy patients, critically ill patients and other key personnel involved in the epidemic, and timely solve the medical needs.

　　The third is to continue to increase the supply and demand, increase the government andCommercial reserves, to ensure the normal operation of large farmers’ markets, supermarkets, stores to the greatest extent open to the masses.;Promote the resumption of Dayang Road, ensure that the large warehouses of goods can be fully opened, and urge 219 insurance supply outlets to increase the stocking volume; We will improve the quick-sealing and quick-resolving mechanism of the guaranteed supply stores, and the epidemic-related outlets will resume business within 24 hours at the latest, and strengthen the use of the "white list" to ensure the terminal distribution capacity. As of 20: 00 on December 1, the "white list" registered 19,231 people.

　　The main risk points involved in new cases today are as follows:

　　Please ask the person who has time-space intersection with the case activity track or receives the prompt from the health treasure pop-up window.Immediately report to the community (village), work unit and hotel, or call the hotline of Chaoyang CDC at 87789709.

　　At the same time, scientifically and accurately divide the risk areas, and unblock the qualified high-risk areas in time. From 12: 00 on November 30 to 12: 00 today, 789 high-risk areas were unblocked.

　　The following high-risk areas are newly designated:

　　Row 2, No.3 Courtyard, Fatou Xili District 3, Fatou Street; Units 1 and 7, Building 13, Fatou Xili District 3; Unit 5, Building 17, Fatou Xili District 3; Unit 1, Building 142, Cuicheng Xinyuan; Building 419, Building 1 and 3, Building 518, Cuicheng Xinyuan.

　　No.24 courtyard of Baiziwan, Shuangjing Street, No.8 and No.12 buildings of postmodern city, Suiyu apartment in area A of postmodern city, Unit 3 of Building 2 of Shuangjing East Hospital, Unit 3 of Building 9 of Shuanghuayuan Xili, Building 10 of Guangquan Community, Unit 1 of Building 2 of Chuiyangliu Dongli, Unit 4 of Building 10 of Chuiyangliu Zhongli, Building 2 of District 1 of Shuanghuayuan Nanli, Unit 3 of Building 8 of Shuanghuayuan Nanli, and No.21 of Hesheng International Community.

　　Unit 11, Building No.12, Shuiduizi Beili, Liulitun Street, Unit 3, Building No.25, Building No.40, Building No.22, Building No.33, Building No.3, Building No.4, Building No.202, Building No.7, Liulitun Beili, Perfect Oriental Apartment.

　　Building No.99 of Xibahe Dongli Community in Xiangheyuan Street, Unit 2 of Building No.26 of Xibahe Zhongli Community, Building No.8 of Xibahe Zhongli Community, Unit 2 of Building No.19 of Liufang Nanli Community, Buildings No.5 and No.25 of Guangximen Beili, Haohongyuan Yiyuan in Liufang Beili, and bungalow on the west side of Building No.11 of Liufang Nanli Community;

　　Building 20 of Xinyuan Street in Sanyuanli Community of Zuojiazhuang Street, Unit 1 of Building 39 of Xinyuan Street, Unit 1 of Building 33 of Xinyuan Street, Unit 2 of Building 3 of Xinyuan Street, Unit 2 of Building 5 of South Street of Sanyuanli Community, Unit 2 of Building 2 of Shunyuanli, Building 19 of Xinyuan Xili Middle Street, Units 3 and 4 of Building 27 of Zuojiazhuang Beili, Buildings 36 and 37 of Zuojiazhuang Beili, and East of Xinyuanli.

　　Yard 16, East Third Ring Road North Road, Maizidian Street, Unit 4, Building 12, Nongzhan Nanli, Building 29, Zaoying Beili;

　　Heping Street Street Super 8 Hotel (Beijing International Exhibition Store), Building 5, Shenggu Beili;

　　Unit 3, Building 19, Huayanli, Asian Games Village Street; Unit 4, Building 28, Huayanli; Units 2 and 6, Building 3, Anyuanli; Unit 5, Building 2, Sizhuyuan; Unit 14, Building 20, Anyuan Beili; Unit 3, Building 27, Huayan Beili; Unit 3, Building 9, Anhui Beili;

　　Unit 5, Building 23, Wanghua Road West Lane, Wangjing Street; Unit 1, Building 1, Urban Heart Coast; Unit 2, Building 103, Atlantic New Town; Unit 4, Building 221, Nanhu Zhongyuan; Unit 2, Building 218, Courtyard 5, Central South Road; Unit C, Building 1, Chaoting Apartment; Unit 3, Zhiyu City; Unit 4, Building 211, Nanhu Dongyuan; Building 17, Huajiadi Beili. Unit 7, Building 308, Huajiadi Xili Area 3; Unit 8, Building 333, Huajiadi Xili Area 3; Unit 2, Building 325; Row 10, Nanhu Canal Lane 3; Unit 7, Building 17, west eight Jianbeili; Unit 2, Building 135, Nanhu Xiyuan;

　　Building No.1 of Huixinyuan in Xiaoguan Street, Unit 8 of Building No.209 of Huixinli, Unit 2 of Building No.208 of Xiaoguanbeili, Unit 1 of Building No.17 of Huixinli, Unit 3 of Building No.3 of Courtyard No.2 of Huixinli, Unit 4 of Building No.2 of Courtyard No.10 of Xiaoguanli, Unit 4 of Building No.2 of Courtyard No.17 of Xiaoguandong Street, Unit 1 of Building No.2 of Courtyard No.7 of Gaoyuan Street, No.1 of Yuhui South Road and Building No.7 of Xiaoguanbeili. Unit 6, Building 207, Xiaoguan Beili, Unit 4, Building 2, Aodong No.18 Hospital, Building 17, Building 2, Building 7, Area 1, Anyuan Dongli, Unit 6, Building 2, Huixin East Street No.14 Hospital, Building 4, Huixin West Street;

　　Unit 2, Building 5, East Lake Bay, donghu street;

　　Sanlitun Street Workers Stadium Reconstruction Project Site;

　　Unit 4, Building 1, Tuanjiehu Street, Tuanjiehu, and Building 2, Tuanjiehu;

　　Unit 4, Building 10, Yanxiang Xili, Airport Street;

　　Unit 6, Building No.105, Nongguangli, Jinsong Street; Unit 7, Building No.1, Building No.123, Building No.4, Building No.211, Building No.2, Building No.415, Building No.512, Jinsong District No.5; Building No.603, Building No.4, Building No.813, Building No.3 and No.13, and Building No.2, Fengdu Berlin, Jinsong District 8.

　　West bungalow of Panjiayuan Street Chemical Machinery Factory, Building 8, Baihuan Garden;

　　Unit 1, Building 4, Huawei South Road, Building 3, Huahuiyuan, Pudding Hotel, No.2, Songyu North Road;

　　Building 4 of General Times International Apartment in Jianwai Street, Park Hyatt Yintai Hotel, B1 garbage room duty room in Block B of Jindi Center, Chang ‘an International Apartment, Hua Bin Fermon Hotel;

　　Building 1, Yijingyuan, Chaowai Street, Unit 3, Building 9, Gongti East Road, Building 109, Jixiang Li;

　　Unit 3, Building 203, Area C, Luying Jiayuan, shibalidian Township, No.47 and No.172 Liudaokou, No.103 Yaojiatun and No.28 Lujiaying Nanli;

　　Building 6 of Huamei Oak Ridge in Heizhuanghu Township, Unit 3 and Unit 5 of Building 30 of Liujing Community, Unit 2 of Building 32 of Liujing Community, No.64 of Sihezhuang Village, No.612 of Daludian Village, No.269 and No.271 of Heizhuanghu Village, No.1098 of Yaopu Village, Unit 1 of Building 4 of Yanbao Shuangqiao Jiayuan, Unit 3 of Building 21 of Kangcheng Phase II, and No.21 of Wanziying East Village.

　　Wangsiying Township Wangsiying Urban Construction and Installation Company Family Courtyard, Unit 2, Building 2, Yanbao Baiwan Jiayuan, Unit 3, Building 3, Yard 2, Haitang Commune, Unit 4, Building 2, Zone A, Baiyang Jingyuan, Unit 3, Building 23, South Agricultural Machinery Warehouse, Bailusi Village, 32 Yongzhong Road Gas Station; Unit 1, Building 1, Chenfengyuan Community, Qingheli, Dougezhuang Township; Unit 2, Building 5, Chenxinyuan Community; Unit 2, Building 1, Courtyard 8, Chaofeng Community; the rest areas of Beijing Chaofeng Business Chain Hotel except the room on the second floor; Unit 2, Building 4, Hefeng Community; Unit 3, Building 46, Building 6, Building 9, Chenxinyuan Community.

　　Bungalow in 701 factory area of Sanjianfang Township, row 1 of Xili East Courtyard of Jinjia Village;

　　Unit 2, Building 8, Lijingyuan, Changying Township, Unit 3, Building 4, No.1 Courtyard of Poly Home;

　　Units 2 and 3 of Building No.37 of Liangmajiayuan in Dongfeng Township, Unit 3 of Building No.1 of Dongfeng Garden, Unit 1 of Building No.1 of Taihua Binheyuan Community, Unit 1 of Building No.44 of Shifoying Xili, Unit 2 of Building No.45 of Shifoying Xili and Building No.16 of Dongfeng Jiayuan Community;

　　Unit 2, Building 9, Fangu Shuijun Community, Jiangtai Township, Pingfang District, Beiyaodi Community, Tuofangying;

　　Unit 4 of Building 11 of Hongsongyuan Community in Dongba Township, Unit 2 of Building 2 of Ruihui Jiayuan, Unit 2 of Building 1 of Ruihui Jiayuan, Unit 2 of Building 3 of Ruihui Jiayuan, Unit 1, Unit 2 and Unit 4 of Building 4 of Ruihui Jiayuan, Unit 4 of Building 8 of Ruihui Jiayuan, Unit 2 of Building 1 of Huijingyuan District 4, Unit 2 of Building 429 of Huahan Fuyuan District D, and Building 3 of Building 209 of Jinju Jiayuan.

　　No.28, No.126, No.146, No.190, No.393, No.416, No.563, No.240, No.558, No.35 and No.86, No.97, No.14, No.42, No.164, No.194 and No.278, Dongyao Village, Jinzhan Township.

　　Building No.8 of Xuhui Aodu Community in Laiguangying Township, Unit 1 of Building No.11 of North Wei Xin Garden, Unit 3 of Building No.911 of Runze Yuexi, Unit 2 of Building No.7 of Laiguangying West Road, Unit 5 of Building No.1 of Beiyuan Village, Unit 1 of Building No.7 of Youth City Community, Unit 2 of Building No.14 of Youth City Community, bungalow in north area of Ziziyuan Garden, Unit 4 of Building No.8 in south area of Ziziyuan Garden, and No.577 of Beihuqu Village.

　　No.9, No.48, No.206, No.231 and No.235 Caochangdi, Cuigezhuang Township, No.18, No.32, No.67, No.83, No.89, No.176, No.191, No.197, No.207 and No.284, Unit 1, Building 5, Dongzhou Jiayuan Community, No.10, Feijia Village. Unit 1, Building 13, Area 7, Jingwang Home, Unit 2, Building 10, Jingwang wartime communism District, Unit 3, Building 11, Jingwang Home, Unit 4, Building 11, Area 4, Unit 6, Yard 1, Building 88, Area 2, Maquanying Village, Xu Decai Xinyuan Courtyard, Yard 110, Yard 1, Building 158, Maquanying Village. Yard 1, Building 102, Area 2, Maquanying Village, Yard 82, Maidong Industrial Park No.10, Maidong Village No.13 and No.16, Maidong Village No.15, Buildings 5 and 6 of Yanbao Maquanying Home, Unit 1 of Building 15 of Yanbao Maquanying Home, Unit 2 of Building 16 of Yanbao Maquanying Home, Workers’ Dormitory of Alibaba Site R&D Building Project, Shangezhuang.

　　Unit 2, Building 7, Xiyue ‘an County, xiaohongmen Township;

　　Unit 7 of Building 5 of Jiandongyuan in Guanzhuang Township, Unit 4 of Building 20 of Guanzhuang Xili, Unit 4 of Building 2 of Ruixiangli B6 Community, Unit 3 of Building 35 of Ruixiangli Community, Unit 7 of Building 20 of Jiandongyuan North Zone and Unit 5 of Building 62 of Guanzhuang Dongli;

　　Unit 3, Building 11, Peninsula International Apartment, Taiyanggong Township; Unit 3, Building 6, Wanfang Jingxuan A; Unit 4, Building 6, Courtyard 202, Xibahe Beili; Building 110, shaoyaoju Beili; Building 14, Shengxin Jiayuan; Building 7, Courtyard 9, shaoyaoju; Unit 4, Building 2, Jinxingyuan; Building 10, Building 4, Courtyard 48, Shangjia Building; Unit 2, shaoyaoju.

　　At present, the epidemic situation in Chaoyang District is still grim, the number of new cases is still at a high level, the social risks are still high, and the social prevention and control cannot be relaxed. Please continue to understand and support the general public. Tomorrow is the weekend,Please continue to reduce mobility, reduce going out, do not gather, do not have dinner, wear masks scientifically and regularly when going out, keep a safe social distance and do personal protection.

Digital reading makes the world of the blind have more "colors"

The reporter investigated the reading problem of blind people in China.　

On October 13th, in an office of the Chinese Braille Library, Yin Menglan was absorbed in her work, and her hands were jumping rapidly on the computer keyboard.

In sharp contrast to the flexibility of fingers, Yin Menglan’s vision is disabled. She is a visually impaired person. It is reading that has promoted the earth-shaking changes in her life: when she was a child, she went to a braille school to study braille and took part in the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination; Now, she works in the Braille library and listens to audio books every day, which not only broadens her knowledge, but also realizes the purpose of entertainment and leisure.

In China, there are more than 17 million people with visual impairment like Yin Menglan. How do they read? Can the booming audio reading meet their reading needs? What can be further improved in the process of reading promotion for the blind? With these questions, the reporter of Rule of Law Daily recently visited the Chinese Braille Library.

Books for the blind have many constraints.

Digital reading came into being.

"The composition of Braille is based on’ Fang’, and each party has six points. Generally, about three parties form a Chinese character. Chinese Braille is composed of initials, finals and tones of Chinese pinyin."

In the Chinese Braille Library, Fan Xingkun, director of the Culture and Education Department of the library, pointed to the Chinese Braille symbol comparison table hanging on the wall and told reporters about the changes in the reading methods of the blind. According to its introduction, since Louis Blair, a French blind man, improved and invented six-point Braille on the basis of night writing in the 1820s, touching Braille has become an important way for blind people to learn.

Teng Hongyu, a staff member in the museum, has been reading by touching Braille for nearly 50 years. He said that visually impaired people can master the coding of Braille through one or two months’ practice, and they can answer what they say and what they say, but it is still difficult to really understand and skillfully read Braille by touching it, which requires a lot of repeated practice.

However, touching Braille is not necessary for all blind people to read.

According to Li Qingzhong, chairman of the China Blind Association, visual disabilities are generally divided into two categories: blindness and low vision. Blindness means blindness, and the eyes cannot feel a little light; Although low vision can’t see clearly, it can feel a glimmer of light, not completely dark.

"Braille is necessary for people who are completely invisible; For people with low vision, in addition to reading special Braille books, you can also read big books. " Li Qingzhong said.

Although Braille books can meet the reading needs of some visually impaired people, paper books have certain limitations. The reporter saw in the Braille library that blind documents are bigger and thicker than ordinary books.

In this regard, Fan Xingkun explained that generally more than 200 Chinese characters are converted into Braille, which may take up one page. After a very thin Chinese reading material is made into a Braille book, the volume will increase a lot, and it is not convenient to store and carry. Moreover, there are special requirements for the pulp and production technology of braille paper, so as to ensure that the blind spots are clear and unbreakable and can withstand repeated touching and reading by blind people. Compared with ordinary books, editing and proofreading processes and printing processes also consume more time and cost.

How to solve the problem? The development of Internet provides more possibilities for blind people to read.

In recent years, with the development of information technology, digital reading has developed faster and faster, providing more and more convenience for visually impaired people.

He Chuan, vice chairman of China Blind Association and director of the Information Accessibility Center of China Braille Library, told reporters that at present, visually impaired people can listen to electronic texts such as Word, TXT and PDF besides audio books. "There are also several ways to listen, such as installing screen reading software on the computer and listening to the sound of screen reading to operate the computer; The book-listening machine designed by China Braille Publishing House can read electronic texts at any time. You can also use your smartphone to listen to audio books. " He Chuan said.

In the reading room of Braille Library, the reporter saw the latest intelligent reading machine. It is like a small mobile phone, which can be recharged or put into a battery, and can be used after activation. It also has a network download function, from which blind readers can obtain massive reading resources.

According to Park Dong-sook, deputy director of the Collection and Lending Department of China Braille Library, these reading machines can be borrowed and mailed to blind readers all over the country for free. According to Park Dong-sook’s explanation, the reporter operated for the first time when the reading machine was completely black, and soon found the desired online book resources, which was very convenient and fast.

Digital reading is convenient and fast.

Full promotion has encountered bottlenecks.

In fact, as early as September 2017, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, the Ministry of Finance, the China Disabled Persons’ Federation and other departments jointly launched the "Digital Reading Promotion Project for the Blind", including the construction of a platform for the integration, publication and dissemination of reading for the blind; Relying on 400 public libraries, lend 200,000 intelligent reading machines to the blind for free; Relying on 100 educational institutions for visually impaired readers, 1,000 Braille computers and electronic displays are lent to the blind free of charge.

It is obvious that digital reading for the blind brings convenience to the visually impaired.

Teng Hongyu has a soft spot for music, and usually likes reading books on music, but there were few books in Braille in China before. He borrowed Braille music scores from foreign national libraries by writing letters. Because Braille music scores are universal in the world, there is no obstacle to reading them. "Nowadays, digital reading has opened up many platforms and can be read at any time."

Yin Menglan found new fun in life by listening to audio books. Every day after work, she uses her smart phone to open audio books and listen to novels. "Life is much richer."

Pan Jiang, who is also engaged in proofreading in the Braille library, relaxes by listening to novels with audio books. However, if he wants to read professional books, he is still used to reading blind documents. "Our touch is equivalent to the sight of a discerning person. Through reading, I learned a lot about psychology and solved many specific difficulties in daily life. "

However, at present, there are still some problems in the practice of digital reading promotion for the blind, and the first problem is copyright.

"Blind people can’t enjoy equal copyright. For example, if a blind person buys a book in a bookstore, it is no problem to find someone to translate the book into Braille, but if it is to be translated into an audio version, it must be authorized by the other party. " He Chuan said.

Fortunately, China has signed the Marrakesh Treaty, which requires the contracting parties to add provisions in their domestic laws, set restrictions and exceptions on the rights of copyright owners, and allow the reproduction, distribution and provision of accessible formats of published works, such as Braille, audio and electronic texts. He Chuan told reporters that China’s copyright law has been revised to suit the above-mentioned relevant provisions, and the time for the treaty to come into effect in China is getting closer and closer. "In the future, more and more books can be made into audio books and large-character editions, which is a real cultural blessing for the blind.".

He Chuan also mentioned that in the process of full coverage or equalization of public cultural services in different places, there may be unbalanced resource allocation. For example, all the public libraries in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have their own reading rooms for the blind, but in some relatively small and remote cities, the hardware measures are not in place, or there is only one physical space, and the service concept has not kept up.

On the other hand, through field research in Li Qingzhong, it is found that although some local Braille libraries and reading rooms for the blind are equipped with book resources and related auxiliary equipment, there are only a handful of visually impaired readers. How to attract more visually impaired readers through quality service is the answer that these places are exploring.

He also pointed out that inconvenient travel is also a realistic reason for the lack of motivation for blind people to go to Braille libraries or reading rooms.

Explore and solve problems in many places

Guarantee the reading rights of the blind.

How to solve these difficulties? In Fan Xingkun’s view, reading habits need to be cultivated. If you want to attract blind people to read, it is of little benefit to shout slogans and say that only by finding a way suitable for blind people to read can you really attract them.

The Chinese Braille Library has actively explored this aspect. After in-depth investigation, the relevant staff members have learned about the cultural needs of blind readers, planned various cultural salon activities such as famous lectures, "natural history tour", Taoran reading club, literature and art exhibition, organized cultural and educational activities such as Braille, computer, music, recitation, massage, interest groups for blind children, summer camps for blind children, and carried out information application, digital reading promotion, life skills, calligraphy and painting for the blind. Up to now, the Braille Library has attracted an average of more than 30,000 people to participate in various cultural activities every year.

In order to protect the reading rights of the blind, various localities have also launched actions.

Gansu Provincial Library has set up a reading service center for the disabled in Gansu Province and a reading room for braille and blind audiobooks to provide reading and lending services for visually impaired readers. When the library of Luxi County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province was upgraded, it specially set up a children’s reading center to provide more comfortable reading space for minors and blind people. Shanxi Province has purchased 5,000 "intelligent listening machines", which blind readers can borrow for free …

In the interview, the reporter felt that with the continuous development of digital reading promotion for the blind, more and more blind readers fell in love with reading. Convenient reading methods have opened a door of knowledge for blind readers, and since then, the road ahead of them has become wider and their world has become more "colorful".

Today is the "International Day for the Blind". Do you think that blind people can’t see in broad daylight and how can they see in their dreams at night? It’s not that simple.

In fact, there are two kinds of blind people: congenital blind and acquired blind.

Image source: pexels

The first type: the acquired blind, who originally had perfect vision and had seen the world, can still see things in their dreams, although they became blind later.

The second kind: congenital blindness. People usually think that since they have never seen anything since they were born, they certainly have no vision in their dreams.

But in fact, is this really the case?

An experiment to depict dreams

In 2003, a Portuguese scientist claimed that people who were born blind could see images in their dreams. They designed such a set of experiments:

A total of 19 participants, 10 were born blind and 9 were visually sound.

The experiment requires that participants sleep normally at home.

However, there will be four alarm clocks to wake them up at night. After waking up, the participants described their dreams to the tape recorder and then went back to sleep.

The next morning, the sighted people asked to be blindfolded and draw their dreams on paper with other participants.

Here are the results. Can you identify which one was painted by a blind person?

The first hand-drawn dream map

Image source: reference [2]

The second hand-painted dream map

Image source: reference [2]

The answer is as follows ↓

The first picture is a dream recorded for the blind.

Therefore, Portuguese scientists have come to the conclusion that the description of dreams by the congenital blind and the visually sound is indistinguishable.

The way blind people see the world is not just their eyes.

Does this mean that the congenital blind have vision in their dreams? Not necessarily.

In fact, not only vision can produce images, but also the senses of touch and hearing.

Let’s talk about touch first. In the story of the blind touching the elephant, the blind touching the leg will draw a tree, the blind touching the body will draw a wall, and the blind touching the tail will draw a rope. If you touch the elephant’s whole body, the blind can draw a complete elephant. Just by touching, the brain can also form images and draw them. Scientists have studied congenital blind people and found that their tactile signals will flow into the visual cortex in the brain, thus creating images.

Image source: pexels

There are also some reports that the congenital blind can produce images by hearing. Like bats, they have the ability of echolocation, and they can hear the general structure of the house only by the echo of high heels stepping on the ground.

Some scientists also believe that blind people can see things in their dreams, which is actually a psychological experience similar to echolocation.

A study on blind people found that:

People who are born blind have no vision, nor do they dream;

People who are blind before the age of 5 will also lose their visual impression;

People who are blind after the age of 7 will always leave visual cognition;

In short, the scientific community still has no clear answer to the previous experimental results. But describing a dream is not necessarily because the blind man opened his eyes in the dream, but also because of his sense of touch and hearing.

Finally, let’s look at a picture of a dream painted by a congenital blind person.

Congenital blind people describe dreams:

The sun, sailboats, seabirds, clouds, coconut trees,

There are two happy people

Image source: reference [2]

Blind people have no vision, but this does not prevent them from making an accurate and poetic description of the world. Touch, smell and hearing can also become their "new eyes" to see the world.

references

[1] eliezer Sternberg. Neural logic [M/OL]. Gao Tianyu, translated. Guangxi Normal University Press (Chapter 1)

[2] Bé rto Lo h, Paiva t, Pessoal, et al. Visual Dream Content, Graphical Representation and EEG Alpha Activity in Congnitively Blind Subjects [J]. Cognitive Brain Research, 2003, 15 (3): 277-284. (Support viewpoint)

[3]Kerr N H, Domhoff G W. Do the Blind Literally" See" in Their Dreams? A critical of a recent claim that they do [J] .2004. (Objection)

Plan and make

This article is a work of the popular science China starry sky cultivation plan.

Author, Weaving Chicken, Popular Science Author

Audit Tao Ning Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Planning Fu Sijia Jin Yufen (intern)

Original title: "Congenital blindness, can you see things in your dreams? 》

Read the original text