After more than 20 years’ development, CVC plays an increasingly important role in the venture capital market in China.At present, the domestic CVC market has begun to take shape, with more than 800 institutions, and the number of investment cases accounts for nearly 20% of the total venture capital market every year.It has become an indispensable backbone of China’s capital market.

Head enterprises such as BAT, Lenovo, Xiaomi and Huawei have gradually established their own corporate investment departments or investment subsidiaries, providing assistance for the company to lay out its future strategy, explore cutting-edge technologies and establish an ecological chain through CVC investment.

The proportion of CVC investment cases to the total VC investment cases hovers between 17% and 21%. In 2021, the value was 19.8%, a slight increase of 0.9% compared with 2020. At a time when asset prices are at a low point,CVC can give full play to its own capital advantages, find and identify high-quality projects with strategic vision, and help the strategic development of the parent company.

According to the data of Rui beast analysis, in 2021, the number of cases in which CVC institutions participated in investment in China venture capital market totaled 1,694, an increase of 20.4% compared with 2020. According to the data of the past five years, the number of investment cases of CVC institutions has dropped from 2,532 in 2017 to 1,694 in 2021, with an average annual decrease of 6.2%. However, in the past two years, CVC investment has continued to pick up.

Since the selection was launched in April, 2022, the Entrepreneurship Research Center has selected the most active CVC TOP 50 in China in 2021 based on strict standards and rigorous data, with the principles of objectivity and fairness, by combining the analysis data of Rui beast, open market data and investigation interviews.

2021 China’s most active CVC TOP 50

Interpretation of CVC list

• Parent company industries: concentrated in intelligent manufacturing, Internet, medical and health care and automobile transportation.

According to the data of Rui beast analysis, in 2021, 50 listed CVC institutions invested 1305 cases, and the average number of investment cases per institution was about 26. Among them, the number of CVC institutional investment cases in which the parent company is in the intelligent manufacturing industry is 304, accounting for 23.3%; There are 503 CVC institutional investment cases in which the parent company is in the Internet industry, accounting for 38.5%.

The parent companies of listed CVC institutions are mainly located in intelligent manufacturing, Internet, medical health and automobile transportation. Among them, the parent companies are typical CVC institutions in the intelligent manufacturing industry, including Lenovo Venture Capital and TCL Venture Capital. The parent companies of CVC institutions come from the Internet industry, with typical representatives including Tencent Investment, ByteDance and Alibaba, followed by medical health and automobile transportation, with a total of 12 institutions, such as (Sinopharm) Jianyi Capital, Tiger Medicine, BAIC Investment and GAC Capital.

With the goal of "double carbon" put forward, China has entered a new stage of green economy transformation. Developing new energy vehicles can not only optimize the energy structure, but also promote the economy because of its long industrial chain, wide coverage and many related industries. Enterprises reach the relevant industrial chain of new energy vehicles through CVC investment.

• Geographical distribution: Beishangguang is still the gathering place of CVC institutions.

Judging from the geographical distribution of the listed CVC institutions, the top three are Beijing, Guangdong and Shanghai, and the number of CVC institutions accounts for 78%. Due to factors such as entrepreneurial ecology, capital accumulation and industrial effects, nearly 80% of the listed CVC institutions are gathered in Beishangguang, and first-tier cities continue to play a leading role in the entrepreneurial tide.

• Nature of parent company: CVC institutions with private enterprise background are mostly.

Judging from the nature of the parent company ownership of the listed CVC institutions, there are 35 institutions with private enterprise background, accounting for 70%; There are 10 institutions with the background of state-owned enterprises, accounting for 20%; There are five institutions with foreign investment background, accounting for 10%, namely Lilly Asia Fund, Qualcomm Venture Capital, Intel Capital, Bosch Venture Capital and Pernod Ricard Chuangxiang Huanju Investment Fund. Most of the parent companies of the listed CVC institutions are private enterprises, indicating that CVC institutions with private enterprises are the main force.

Among the listed CVC institutions, the parent companies of 10 institutions are from the Internet industry, with typical representatives including Tencent Investment, ByteDance and Alibaba, and the parent companies of 40 institutions are from strategic emerging industries strongly supported by the state and traditional non-Internet industries, such as BAIC Investment, GAC Capital, (Sinopharm) Jianyi Capital and Tiger Medicine.

• Track distribution of investment industry: mainly concentrated in corporate services, culture and entertainment and medical health.

There were 1,305 major investment cases of CVC institutions in 2021, including 510 in corporate services, culture, entertainment and medical health, accounting for 39%. Tencent invested mainly in corporate services and culture and entertainment, with 85 and 47 investments respectively in 2021; Under the continuous influence of the epidemic, medical health has once again become a favored industry for CVC institutions.

• Distribution of TOP3 CVC institutions in active industry tracks

The listed CVC institutions invested heavily in five tracks in 2021, namely enterprise services, culture and entertainment, medical health, intelligent manufacturing and artificial intelligence. Tencent Investment, Xiaomi Technology, Lenovo Venture Capital, etc. have invested in multiple tracks and are active in many fields such as corporate services, culture and entertainment, intelligent manufacturing, and artificial intelligence. Some CVC institutions focus on the main business direction of the parent company, Lilly Asia Fund focuses on the medical and health industry, and SMIC Juyuan focuses on the chip semiconductor industry.

For more details and data analysis, please visit https://www.cyzone.cn/report/, official website, the entrepreneurial state, to obtain the full CVC report "CVC Development Research Report of Venture Capital in China in 2021".

On the afternoon of October 17th, the closing ceremony of the "Stars Project" for Taiwan Province students’ summer internship was successfully held in the Science Park Building of Fudan University. Zhong Xiaomin, director of the Taiwan Affairs Office of Shanghai, Chen Zhimin, vice president of Fudan University, Yang Lihua, deputy director of the Taiwan Affairs Office of Shanghai, Shi Dengding, vice chairman of the Municipal Federation of Industry and Commerce, Dong Xinwang, member of the Standing Committee of Yangpu District Committee, and Qi Keping, deputy head of the district attended the event.

Zhong Xiaomin and Chen Zhimin presented awards to outstanding students.

Yang Lihua, Shi Dengding, Dong Xinwang and Qi Keping issued letters of appointment for business representatives.

Zhong Xiaomin sent a message to Taiwan Province students. As young people in the new era, they should closely link their personal values and life ideals with the destiny of the Chinese nation, take every step firmly, and constantly exude positive youthful demeanor. Zhong Xiaomin said that all levels of governments and departments in Shanghai are willing to provide a good environment and a platform for Taiwan compatriots to live, study, start businesses and find jobs in Shanghai, and hope that young people on both sides of the strait will work together and forge ahead in unity to contribute to the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation at an early date.

In his speech, Chen Zhimin said that this internship program is of great significance to promoting the development of young people, colleges and universities, promoting social progress, and promoting the integration and development of young people on both sides of the strait. Through real job training and workplace experience, young students further enhance their understanding of society and increase their talents; Colleges and universities have broadened their platforms through this innovative form, and tried for the first time the four-way linkage of "competent department-school-street-enterprise" to learn from each other, blend with each other and learn from each other, so as to help outstanding Taiwan Province college students in Shanghai become industry pillars and social talents. Chen Zhimin hopes that in the future, the "Stars Project" will attract more Taiwanese students to participate, build a bridge for cross-strait youth exchanges, and lay a solid foundation for better carrying out internships for island students in Shanghai in the post-epidemic era.

Shen Guolin, director of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Affairs Office of Fudan University, summarized the project of "Star Project". At present, the "Stars Project" is aimed at Taiwan Province students in Shanghai universities, connecting the campus and enterprises, aggregating high-quality resources through high-quality and high-frequency linkage, providing a broad platform for career development, building a growth bridge, and helping young people in Taiwan Province to move from campus to society. In the follow-up, the "Star Project" will also broaden school-enterprise resources, explore more talent training modes, improve the effectiveness and accuracy of education, and provide a broader platform for students’ career development.

The outstanding enterprise groups and students in this "Stars Project" shared their experiences respectively. Liu Yunqian of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Wang Huaizhou of Fudan University and Luo Xiaowen of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics from the "Fusi Capital" group made a defense and shared. Ye Yuhao of National Taipei University of Technology and Yin Pinyu of Sun Yat-sen University, who have obtained full-time admission qualifications for enterprises, also shared their experiences of successful job hunting.

Ye Yuhao, from National Taipei University of Technology, got a full-time job. He said that through the "Stars Project", he got to know many friends of the same age in the mainland, and gradually learned about the rich opportunities and rapid development in the mainland through exchanges with them. "With the guidance of the project teacher and the mutual support of the students of the same age, I got rid of fighting alone and adjusted my state to be more stable. With this motivation, I finally got a satisfactory job and seized the opportunity to study and develop in the mainland. "

The picture shows Zhong Xiaomin and others visiting Fudan University Science Park.

According to reports, the "Star Project" fully mobilizes local resources by establishing a platform of government-school-enterprise linkage, and adopts the mode of "internship+visit+course" to organize various training and visit activities to help Taiwan Province students understand the development of the mainland, understand the workplace and broaden their horizons. At the same time, it uses the weekend to open enterprise courses to help Taiwan Province youth improve their workplace quality and soft power from the aspects of industry analysis, career planning, financial knowledge, resume writing and interview. In the future, the "Stars Project" will persist in exploration and innovation, and create opportunities for more students to study and practice. It is also hoped that through this project, young people in Shanghai and Taiwan Province can better integrate into local life and help them become talents.

The activity was not only welcomed and enthusiastically participated by young college students on both sides of the strait, but also supported by participating enterprises. A total of 102 students signed up for the "Stars Project". The students signed up came from 20 famous universities in China, including Peking University, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Tongji University, East China Normal University, Nanjing University, Wuhan University, Sun Yat-sen University and Shanghai University of Finance and Economics. In the end, 40 students entered 17 well-known enterprises, including Fosun Group, Dingxin Group, Want Want Group, Fusi Capital, Dentsu Group and Xieli Law Firm, respectively, and 2 students were qualified for full-time work.

Source: Exchange Office of Taiwan Affairs Office, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Affairs Office of Fudan University.

Image source: Shanghai Taiwan Compatriot Service Center

Text | Ruiying

Home is the softest feeling in everyone’s heart. Even if you can only be a swallow who returns home every year, it is also a kind of happiness to go home. In the Mid-Autumn Festival, when the moon is in the middle of the day, perhaps everyone will see the wells in their hometown, the winding rivers in front of the village and the hawking in Gu Xiang, and even think of their parents. Cross mountains and seas, don’t forget to go home! This is the slogan of Four Springs. The director uses the artistic expression of simple family video lens, writes the emotions and philosophy scattered in the fragments of life with a plate-like narrative structure, and transmits the private family memories to the public in a shared mode. This private film broke into public view, which seems to be a coincidence, but it coincides with people’s social psychology of longing for a simple and simple life, and also reflects the increasingly rich and diverse side of the film market.

one

Limited perspective, unlimited feelings.

Private film is a sub-type of documentary, so it is also called "private documentary". There are two kinds of understandings of private movies: the broad sense is the first-person documentary, and the narrow sense is only a part of the first-person documentary, especially those films that aim at the director’s own personal or family and shoot trivial matters, experiences or family stories around him.

Although movies in the narrow sense all focus on self-expression, and usually use diary-style recording, the creators usually go their separate ways in two dimensions in terms of the time and space of recording and the choice of themes: some people choose family daily life, while others choose privacy and taboo, which construct two different development threads of private movies. Four Springs is undoubtedly the former. However, most private films in China were the latter. Therefore, this film is clearly distinguished from most private films in China, focusing on how parents discover the beauty of everyday life.

The shooting technique of "Four Springs" is documentary, which restores the real state of life to a certain extent, but it is also expressionist, which highly condenses life. The intimate relationship between parents as the subject of shooting and the director at first provided a relatively relaxed environment for the birth of the film. The director himself has a high understanding of the environment and the subject, so that kind of emotion has overwhelming power for the audience.

The audience always observes the family under the guidance of the director. The picture and voice showed the director’s presence several times. When my father called his sister, he said, "Qingyidong took a picture of the west, and I’ll call you when I’m filming." Moreover, the mother sent her grandchildren out, looked at them with reluctance, and then said to the director who was filming, "Take them." The director present is neither a complete bystander nor a deep participant, but seeks a balance between watching and participating, and the core of this balance is the pursuit of documentary style and aesthetic interest of the film. Arouse the audience’s curiosity and desire to watch when recording the plain and poetic life.

As a first-person documentary, the director exposes his privacy to the public while telling the story. From making sausages, cutting hair and learning musical instruments to the heavy plot of my sister’s illness and funeral, it shows the reality in poetic life. Compared with the drama of his own plot, this did not hinder his self-presentation, nor did it reduce his image charm and attraction at all. Instead, the audience found the amazing power and faint poetry of "everyday" in these simple private images.

two

Flowers in pain

The lens language in the film is very simple, but it is different from the family visual diary in the normal sense. Although Lu Qingyi is not a professional director himself, she has an aura of professional perspective in lens design and choice. We can see the director’s design from the aspects of film composition, lighting and lens movement. Although the sound of the film and the frame rate selection of the lens are still far from the standard, this does not hinder the brilliance of the film as a standard cinema film.

In the film, every Spring Festival children come back from other places, and their parents have to go through a long corridor to open the door. At this time, the lens is always a deep lens, and the parents’ expectations and family reunion scenes add a sense of history and crossing under this lens design. Father is singing in the room, and mother is stepping on the sewing machine in the next room. A depth-of-field lens puts both parents in the picture and separates the picture with a door frame, resulting in an effect similar to a parallel montage. In the use of empty lens, the transparent texture of red curtains coming in through sunlight, the wetness of rain and the addition of rare snow images in the south make the film more poetic. In the picking and selection of the lens, it fully shows the director’s artistic accumulation and attainments.

If there is only "poetry and distance", it will always be a beautiful imagination. No one’s life is smooth sailing, and there are also wounds in Four Springs. The director takes the illness and death of his sister as the plot point of the story from joy to sadness, which is also the main narrative content of the film. The director mentioned in the interview that it was very difficult for him to sort out this plot. As the subject of the story. In the face of the death of a loved one, his heart was full of sorrow, but as a creator, his performance was extremely restrained. However, it has accumulated a strong emotional foundation for emotional narration, and sought a suitable explosion point-the problem of elder sister’s image before her death.

In the first spring, there was not much ink on my sister, so the emotional tone presented when my sister passed away was sudden and heavy. After my sister was buried, the picture immediately turned to the look back of my sister and father standing under the flagpole. The image of my sister, who is smart and cheerful and likes to dance, immediately stood out, in sharp contrast to the lifelessness of the funeral, which made people sigh endlessly about the energetic life in the past. The previously suppressed and forbearing emotion is also in generate at this moment, which makes people sigh. The extreme grief is not the outbreak and resistance of exhaustion of hysteria, but only memories and sighs in the face of beautiful passing.

In the third spring, my sister’s death extends to the past and present as the core of the story. The film is constantly interspersed with memories of the family gathering for the Spring Festival in 1997 and the presentation of my sister’s son, which gradually supplements my sister’s life course. Another year when smoking sausages, my father took out the fallen dust flute and played again. The crops in front of my sister’s grave had grown luxuriantly. Lu mother remembered that they had not sung and danced well for a long time. In the drizzle, they sang familiar songs again in Shan Ye, singing the melodious life. The film shows the audience the beauty of daily life and philosophy of life, depicts the pain in the bones, and also depicts the flowers blooming in the pain. It is not only the parents’ deep love for their daughters, but also the parents’ love for life after suffering and thinking about death.

Four Springs is a private film that transcends family trauma and has a strong commonality. When it comes to the presentation of some family trauma and privacy, the director does not shy away, but he is forbearing and restrained. The narrative structure of the film is plate-like, and each plate is interdependent and independent.

The film uses narratology theory to integrate the records of real life and achieve a seemingly casual life flow, which is actually a conscious choice effect. Narrative logic is not to explain the cause and effect of things clearly, but to serve the emotional narrative of the film, that is, the scenes and pictures that the audience is most easy to understand and empathize with and the director is most willing to present. It doesn’t necessarily depend on the director’s strategic decision. After all, "every family has its own problems". Considering the traditional family culture in China, it is indecent to expose too much. There is a south wall behind the gate and a screen inside the hall. It can be understood that the director chose the part that he is most sincere and willing to remember, cherish and share for everyone.

Private movies bring not only people’s concern about individual life, but also their desire to spy on personal privacy, which may lead to a series of moral, ethical and even legal problems. Therefore, the current private films have avoided these problems through some skills in image processing. In Four Springs, the director’s timing is quite accurate. It not only shows the private lives of parents and families to a certain extent, but also deliberately avoids some uncomfortable pictures for the audience and effectively protects the privacy of family members.

three

Public expression of individual life experience

The director of "Four Springs" recorded the images of his parents’ home through his Nikon camera, and then the combination of these images produced a greater meaning, which is difficult to produce by a simple grand narrative. Grand narrative is not convenient to show the details of the historical process, and often ignores the feelings and stories of small people, but focuses on the first-person images of ordinary people. Under the interaction with specific people and ethnic groups, it becomes the "ethnography" of the group in which it belongs. At this time, the director in Four Springs is not Lu Qingyi himself, but a group of people who have drifted away from home. Lujia parents are not just Lu Yunkun and Li Guixian, but countless people who have stayed in small towns.

From this point of view, the content carried by the film is of universal significance, which has attracted more attention and comments. A private video shows Chinese’s common emotional story, which resonates between the creator and the viewer, and it is also a positive exploration for private films to enter the public domain.

"Four Springs" also tells us that poetry and emotion often come from moments, from the earth, the sun, the moon and the mountains and rivers. The film is a beautiful landscape picture scroll, a meaningful pastoral poem and a lyrical prose by the director. Every shot of his is trying to capture the beauty of daily life, just like the title and shooting season, it is full of spring everywhere. In front of the village, there is a pool of spring water, winding and orderly terraces and swaying windows. Newly opened flowers, returning swallows, a rain, a gust of wind, a touch of the moon, a song, poetic images everywhere.

◐

　　[Striving forward in the direction guided by the General Secretary, the integration of culture and technology in the past five years]

　　In the face of increasingly fierce international competition, we must put innovation at the core of the overall development of the country and constantly promote innovation in theory, system, science and technology and culture.

　　— — Excerpt from the speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary at the symposium of intellectuals, model workers and youth representatives on April 26th, 2016.

　　Recently, the planning scheme of "China Sound Valley" was unveiled in Hefei, Anhui Province, focusing on the intelligent voice industry and building strategic emerging industries, which not only releases the imagination of cultural creativity, but also stimulates the support of scientific and technological innovation. It is estimated that by 2020, the operating income of "China Sound Valley" enterprises will reach 100 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 40%.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s culture and scientific and technological development have been deeply integrated, and cultural creativity and scientific and technological innovation have produced a "chemical reaction", which not only brought new changes in the cultural field, but also injected new kinetic energy into the social economy. It not only brings the collision and agitation of ideas, but also provides a new scheme and path for reform and development.

　　Realize the transformation and upgrading of cultural construction.

　　The "singing microphone" with black head and red body makes KTV palm-shaped and free-spirited. Its design implies that "every singer can become the king in his heart with the protection of the microphone"; The kernel technology adopts intelligent audio processing chip and dual noise reduction function, which greatly improves the quality of music, integrates into people’s daily life more professionally, conveniently and fashionably, and helps upgrade the traditional music industry and KTV industry.

　　There is more than a small "singing microphone" that combines the "face" of cultural creativity and the "lining" of technological innovation. In the past five years, cultural industries such as art inspection, museum exhibition, dance design, film equipment, printing and publishing have also inserted the wings of science and technology, and "transformed" through scientific and technological innovation to achieve industrial upgrading.

　　The traditional publishing industry has given full play to the guiding role of financial funds, implemented a number of transformation and upgrading projects, accelerated the construction of platforms such as technical support services, content resource management, data sharing and knowledge services, and achieved phased results in the digital transformation and upgrading of the publishing industry.

　　In the field of public cultural services, the cultural sharing project combines traditional library services with public electronic reading room services, and the network covers urban and rural areas, and also directly reaches remote villages and towns, improving the imbalance of public cultural services at the grassroots level in China.

　　From the innovation of service form to the innovation of content construction, from the innovation of communication means to the innovation of management mechanism, science and technology promote cultural innovation, further liberate and develop cultural productivity, and better meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of grassroots people.

　　Enlarge the fission effect of Internet cultural industry.

　　On September 17th, Tencent Pictures released 43 films in one breath, covering pan-entertainment projects with full copyright linkage such as movies, TV dramas and online dramas, and well-known IP lists such as Shanghai Fortress, Tibetan Code and Journey to the West are famous. Tencent’s "big hand" comes from the new concept of "not doing film and television in isolation, but being an open content platform"; The "confidence" of Tencent Pictures comes from the strategic layout of "not being a traditional film and television company, but based on the pan-entertainment cultural ecology".

　　Tencent Pictures is striding towards "Disney" in China, catching up with the new opportunities and good times when the Internet platform gave birth to the "Big Mac" of cultural enterprises, and further improving the market competitiveness of cultural enterprises. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, emerging cultural formats such as online literature, online music, online movies, online performances and online animation have developed rapidly, gathering new momentum for the development of cultural industries.

　　2016 is called "the first year of live broadcast". As soon as the new live broadcast was unveiled, the industrial boundary continued to expand, from entertainment to all aspects of production and life. In just one year, the output value of the live broadcast industry has exceeded 50 billion yuan, exceeding the box office of movies and amplifying the fission effect of the Internet cultural industry.

　　At the first China "Internet Literature Plus" conference held in Beijing, a set of data showed people a "new version" of China’s online literature industry. In 2016, the number of online literature users in China exceeded 300 million, and 40 major online literature websites launched 14.548 million works, with a market scale of 9 billion yuan. With the cultivation of paid reading users, the deep development and multiple utilization of original works IP, online literature will be in a golden period of development in the next decade, which will create greater spiritual and material value.

　　Taking online literature as the origin, it extends to TV series, games, animation and other industrial chains, detonating the value of creativity and stories. In 2016, the business income of the cultural information transmission service industry with "internet plus" as the main form increased by more than 30% year-on-year. Internet technology has enriched the channels of cultural consumption, changed the mode of production of cultural industries, expanded the cultural market, and spread the "China Story" and "China Spirit" quickly and powerfully.

　　Meet the new wave of integration and development

　　Traditional brocade technology can only show more than 20 colors, while brocade using digital technology can show nearly a thousand colors. The national cultural innovation project "Silk Brocade Cultural Creativity and Technological Innovation and Demonstration Promotion", in addition to technological innovation, also tries to build a research and development platform for modern brocade cultural creative products, integrate modern painting artistic content and visual design, and enrich product themes and cultural connotations. This technology, which is full of cultural elements and scientific and technological contents, has developed more than 200 series products in five categories: tourist souvenirs, brocade thangka, art derivatives, dress cheongsam and home decoration products in more than two years, initially forming a digital production line with an annual output of 100,000 pieces of brocade crafts, which has enabled traditional crafts to realize cultural creativity and technological innovation in the new era.

　　Science and technology are hard power and culture is soft power; Scientific and technological innovation optimizes the use function of products, and cultural creativity enhances the added value of products; Scientific and technological innovation meets the needs of utensils, while cultural creativity goes straight to the heart, touches emotions and meets spiritual and cultural needs; Scientific and technological innovation should be good, and cultural creativity should be beautiful.

　　Cultural creativity and technological innovation are like two sides of the same coin, which complement each other; Cultural creativity and scientific and technological innovation are the two major driving forces of cross-industry and cross-domain product innovation, just like one body and two wings, taking off across borders. Virtual technologies such as 3D, VR, AR, MR, artificial intelligence, big data and other new terms will change the future production and life and form an imaginative economy. With the deep integration and development of culture and technology, we can build new products and services as long as we want and can do it, and promote industrial exchanges and upgrading.

　　The power of cultural and technological integration should not be underestimated. In the 13th Five-Year National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan issued by the State Council in December 2016, the "digital creative industry" was listed as one of the five new pillar industries with an output value of 10 trillion yuan for the first time. Under the guidance of the basic strategic idea of "cultural and technological integration", we will build a public service system of the whole industrial chain based on digital technology, and help the transformation of China’s economic development mode through the integration with the real economy.

　　Count these five years.

　　In recent years, the cultural information transmission service industry with "internet plus" as the main form has developed rapidly, and the added value will be realized in 2015.2858Billion yuan, an increase over 2013.1055100 million yuan, with an average annual growth rate of25.9%. In 2016, the cultural service industry grew rapidly, and the operating income of the cultural information transmission service industry with "internet plus" as the main form.5752Billion yuan, growth30.3%.

　　(Reporter Zhang Yuling)

　　In 2018, the per capita property of Chinese families was 208,883 yuan, an increase of 7.49% compared with 194,332 yuan in 2017, and the growth rate was higher than the per capita GDP growth rate (6.1%).

　　The net worth of urban households accounts for 71.35% of the family’s per capita wealth, while that of rural households accounts for 52.28%. 93.03% of households own a house.

　　The financial assets allocation structure of Chinese households is single, and they are still concentrated in cash, demand deposits and time deposits, accounting for nearly 90%. Preventive needs such as medical care, old-age care and children’s education are important factors in family savings. More than 60% of the respondents are risk-averse.

　　Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, China’s urban and rural per capita disposable income has grown substantially, and at the same time, the capital market has developed rapidly, and asset allocation has become an important part of family investment decisions. As one of the important manifestations of unbalanced development, the gap between income and property has become the focus of social attention. "China Family Wealth Survey" involves four sections: household members’ information, household income, expenditure and property, family economic status and life attitude. It focuses on the in-depth investigation of household wealth from the perspectives of urban-rural differences, asset allocation, investor characteristics and investment channels.

　　Asset allocation and wealth gap are closely related to China’s economic and social development. The high proportion of real estate, single financial asset structure and high precautionary savings all run counter to the expansion of domestic demand, resulting in weak domestic demand growth. A single asset structure is more difficult to resist asset risks, which is not conducive to the stable growth of residents’ property. The larger wealth gap also has a negative impact on labor supply and production investment. In view of this, it is necessary to introduce practical policies to effectively change the current situation of unreasonable asset allocation and widening wealth gap, change residents’ investment expectations and narrow the wealth gap.

　　There is a big gap between urban and rural family property.

　　According to the survey report, the per capita property of Chinese households was 208,883 yuan in 2018, an increase of 7.49% compared with 194,332 yuan in 2017, and the growth rate was higher than the per capita GDP growth rate (6.1%). There is a big gap between urban and rural family property. In 2018, the per capita property of urban and rural families was 292,920 yuan and 87,744 yuan respectively, and the per capita property of urban families was 3.34 times that of rural areas, and the per capita property of urban families grew faster than that of rural areas.

　　There are some differences in property composition between urban and rural residents. Judging from the property structure of Chinese households, real estate accounts for 70%, the net value of urban households accounts for 71.35% of the family’s per capita wealth, and the net value of rural households accounts for 52.28%. The source of per capita wealth growth shows that the increase of net property value is an important factor for the increase of per capita wealth of families in China, and the increase of net property value accounts for 91% of the increase of per capita wealth of families. Therefore, urban households with higher net worth of real estate will gain more wealth accumulation from the substantial increase of net worth of real estate.

　　There are also obvious differences in the housing composition between urban and rural residents. Rural households mainly build their own houses, accounting for 53.18%, only 21.81% buy new commercial houses and 6.73% buy second-hand houses. Urban households mainly buy new commercial housing, accounting for 36.26%, while self-built housing accounts for only 24.43%, self-built housing accounts for half of rural households, and the proportion of buying second-hand housing is 10.97%. Under the background that the transaction of rural residents’ homestead has not been fully liberalized in China, compared with self-built housing, new commercial housing and second-hand housing have higher value. At the same time, the growth of China’s net real estate value is mainly reflected in new commercial housing and second-hand housing. Therefore, the difference between urban and rural residents’ net real estate value reflects the difference in housing composition between urban and rural residents to a certain extent.

　　The financial investment structure continues to be single.

　　With the development of capital market, the investment channels of urban and rural residents are greatly enriched, but from the actual investment share, the financial asset structure of Chinese residents is still single, especially for rural residents, which is consistent with the very low proportion of property income in China’s macro distribution pattern. The capital market needs to be further improved to promote the diversity of financial assets of urban and rural residents, and then improve the property income of urban and rural residents.

　　According to the survey report, the distribution of financial assets of households is still concentrated in cash, demand deposits and time deposits, accounting for 88%, close to 90%. Among the 35 OECD countries for which data are available, only 8 countries have deposits and cash accounting for more than 50% of household financial assets, and only 3 countries have this proportion exceeding 60%; Among the Nordic countries with wide coverage of social welfare and social security, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway account for 19.34%, 19.95%, 31.14% and 38.75% of household financial assets respectively, all of which are at a low level. A single financial asset structure is not conducive to the balance of asset risks of households, and it is difficult to maintain and increase the value.

　　Judging from the self-evaluation of risk attitude and risk tolerance, residents with risk aversion attitude account for the majority. It is not difficult to understand that the financial assets structure of residents’ families is characterized by simplification when they are mainly risk-averse and have strong risk aversion motives.

　　In this round of family wealth survey, respondents rated themselves on their risk tolerance, with 0 indicating the minimum risk tolerance and 10 indicating the maximum risk tolerance. The statistical results show that 32.81% of the respondents have a self-rated risk attitude of 0, which is the highest proportion among all the scores, indicating that the group with almost no risk tolerance accounts for the largest proportion; Only 6.78% of the respondents rated their risk attitude as 6 or above; The proportion of risk averse people with a self-rated risk of 3 or less is as high as 70.33%.

　　Measuring the family’s risk tolerance according to the degree that the family can bear the loss of investment principal also shows that most families are risk-averse. 5.57% of households can bear the loss of more than 50% of the investment principal, 8.66% can bear the loss of 20% to 50% of the principal, 21.01% can bear the loss of less than 10% of the principal, and as many as 64.76% can’t bear the loss of the principal, which shows that more than 60% of households are extremely risk-averse. At the same time, most urban residents with high per capita wealth are also risk-averse, and the proportion of urban families who cannot bear the loss of principal exceeds 50%, reaching 55.2%; The proportion of rural families is as high as 83.88%.

　　Higher preventive demand has pushed up the savings ratio and reduced the investment share of other financial assets. According to the survey results, the main reasons for household savings in China are: "coping with emergencies and medical expenses" accounting for 48.19%, "preparing for old-age care" accounting for 36.78%, "preparing for children’s education" accounting for 23.97%, "other reasons" accounting for 20.57%, and "unwilling to take investment risks" accounting for 13.82%. The main reasons for urban and rural household savings are basically the same. Preventive saving for medical care, old-age care and children’s education has become the main motivation of saving, which shows to some extent that China’s social security system needs to be improved to reduce residents’ demand for preventive saving. Higher preventive savings lead to the simplification of financial assets structure, and it is also not conducive to expanding domestic consumption demand.

　　Real estate forms "crowding out" effect.

　　Generally speaking, family investment has a certain order, and after one investment reaches a certain level or condition, the next investment will be carried out. The ownership rate and appreciation range of real estate in China make real estate investment the first choice for family investment funds, thus reducing the share available for financial asset investment.

　　China’s households have a high housing ownership rate. From the perspective of residents’ wealth, the family wealth survey focuses on whether the interviewed families own houses, not whether they own houses in their current residence. According to the survey data, 93.03% households own one set of housing, 3.82% households own two or more houses, and only 3.14% households have no housing. The average number of self-owned houses in the country is 1.02, that is, each family owns one house on average.

　　The rapid growth of net property value has boosted the enthusiasm of family real estate investment. From the perspective of family wealth structure, the family property structure has not changed much, and the proportion of net property value remains high; Moreover, the increase of family property is largely caused by the increase of net property value. As can be seen from the report, 91% of the increase in family per capita property comes from the increase in net property value. In addition, compared with the national average household property growth rate of 7.49%, the growth rate of net property is close to 10.3%, and the proportion of net property in total household property is further increased.

　　In recent years, housing prices are in a sustained growth trend. According to the survey data, the net value of real estate is also increasing, which makes households form the expectation that housing prices will continue to rise. Although this expectation is blind, the investment decision of households is still mainly based on past experience. Contrary to the real estate market, the financial market has strong volatility, which affects the asset allocation choice of households and makes them more inclined to invest in real estate.

　　There are group differences in financial investment.

　　The survey results show that families with low financial literacy are more likely to face higher investment risks, so they choose to stay away from financial investment. High-income, highly educated groups usually have higher financial literacy and better understanding of relevant financial knowledge and information. In addition, they have higher income and assets, and they can invest in financial assets on the basis of meeting real estate and preventive needs, so the assets are richer in content, and they can make investment decisions more easily and get benefits from them.

　　With the increase of disposable income, the net value of per capita property owned by families has gradually increased. If residents are divided into 10 equal groups according to per capita disposable income, and then the differences of per capita real estate value in different income groups are investigated, it can be found that the per capita real estate net worth of households with the lowest per capita disposable income is only 41,406.346 yuan; The per capita net worth of households in the highest per capita disposable income group reached 441,735.8 yuan, 10.66 times that of the lowest per capita group. The original value and present value of per capita real estate basically show a trend of increasing with the increase of per capita disposable income, and the debt balance and debt ratio of real estate also increase with the increase of per capita disposable income of families.

　　In recent years, people have formed an expectation of rising house prices in the future, and the assets allocated to real estate by families with different income levels are increasing. Because high-income families have stronger purchasing ability and financing ability of real estate, the debt ratio and leverage ratio of real estate are also higher.

　　With the improvement of income level and educational background, the scale and structure of household financial assets show different characteristics. With the improvement of income level, the per capita cash, demand and time deposits of families have increased, and the growth rate is getting bigger and bigger. The per capita cash, demand and time deposits of the families with the highest per capita disposable income are 4.64 times and 3.86 times that of the families with the lowest per capita disposable income, respectively. It is worth noting that with the increase of income level, the investment share of residents’ demand and time deposits continues to decline, while the proportion of investment in savings insurance, national debt, stocks, funds, futures, loans, other financial assets and the balance of foreign currency financial assets gradually increases; With the improvement of educational level, the proportion of current and time deposits held by families has also shown a continuous downward trend.

　　Internet finance "urban and rural differences"

　　Internet finance is a typical representative of the "internet plus" model, which can reduce transaction costs and thus stimulate users’ financial needs, which has caused a huge impact on traditional finance.

　　The survey report shows that the most important function of Internet finance is consumer payment. No matter in the whole country or in urban and rural areas, consumers who have used the Internet consumption payment function far exceed the people who invest and finance through the Internet; Among them, there are obviously more groups who have used the financial investment function of the Internet than those who have raised funds through the Internet. In consumer payment, the use of Internet financial platform has gradually increased with the growth of family wealth, and the use of Internet financial investment means is far less common than Internet consumer payment means. At present, ordinary people still have some doubts about the safety of Internet financial investment, and the function of Internet financial investment needs to be further explored.

　　Relatively speaking, people are less familiar with the Internet financing platform. With the further development of Internet technology, through the application of new technologies such as big data, cloud computing and blockchain, the Internet financing platform has alleviated the problem of information asymmetry to a certain extent. Coupled with fast loan repayment procedures and flexible and convenient loan repayment period, the Internet financing function has developed rapidly in recent years. However, at present, Internet financing lacks iconic products in the fields of consumer payment and financial investment, such as Alipay, WeChat payment and Yu ‘ebao, and the popularity of various products is not high enough, and the utilization rate is relatively low.

　　In addition, the usage rate of Internet financial instruments is higher in developed regions. In cities and towns, more than 70% of respondents use the internet to pay; In rural areas, the proportion is less than 30%. The data shows that the proportion of residents using Internet payment methods in the eastern region is close to all urban residents, and the proportion of groups using three or more Internet payment methods is significantly higher than others, and the proportion of groups using two Internet payment methods is also higher than that using only one Internet payment method. The proportion of Internet payment in the central and western regions is far from that in the eastern region, and urban residents with relatively high financial literacy have gained more convenience from Internet finance.

　　(Source: Economic Daily, Family Wealth Research Group of China Economic Trend Research Institute)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 22nd Title: Let reading reach a wider audience — — Observation on Creating and Improving Urban Public Reading Space in Many Places

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　On the occasion of the 28th World Reading Day, various activities are carried out all over the country to encourage citizens to actively participate in reading for all. In the first-line interview, the reporter found that in the face of the diverse needs of the people, many places have built "small and beautiful" and multi-style new public cultural facilities according to local conditions, promoted the construction of public reading spaces such as urban study rooms and community libraries, and continuously improved the level of public cultural services.

　　Build a convenient service network, and the "cultural life circle of the people in a quarter of an hour" is becoming more and more perfect.

　　In Keyuan Experimental School in Tangkeng Community, Biling Street, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, a building with a white outer wall is particularly eye-catching. This is the Tangkeng Community Branch of Pingshan District Library, and it is also the largest community library in Shenzhen at present. Since its opening recently, it has attracted nearby residents to punch in.

　　"Our family likes reading. The newly opened community library is near our home, and it takes ten minutes to walk. It will be more convenient to study in the future." Shenzhen citizen Ms. Xie said.

　　The picture shows the reading area of Pingshan District Library in Shenzhen. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yin Peng photo

　　Through the construction of urban study and grass-roots public cultural center covering the whole region, Pingshan District of Shenzhen City has opened the library to the "doorstep" of the masses.

　　Lu Qimei, executive deputy director of Shenzhen Pingshan District Library, said: "We have built and improved reading facilities with campuses, enterprises and parks, and built a compact vertical public main library, an integrated city study with libraries and shops, and jointly built and shared library-school cooperation ‘ Trinity ’ The construction model realizes the global connection of reading resources, the global collaboration of service promotion and the overall improvement of reading quality. "

　　At present, the construction of the main and branch libraries in Pingshan District has achieved 100% vertical integrated management, and the street libraries have 100% coverage.

　　The reporter learned in the interview that many places have built convenient service networks and constantly improved the "cultural life circle of the people in a quarter of an hour".

　　Some urban areas in Shenzhen rely on the system of main and branch libraries to promote the co-construction and sharing of public libraries and primary and secondary schools; Some places in Zhejiang take the construction of neighborhood libraries as an opportunity to activate the microcirculation of public reading services in combination with regional cultural characteristics; Beijing has built many new public cultural facilities &hellip by transforming old factories, using vacated spaces, transportation hubs, commercial buildings, parks and green spaces, etc. …

　　Li Chang, a researcher at the Tsinghua University Institute of Cultural and Creative Development, said that vigorously promoting the construction of various public reading spaces in cities, districts and townships will help to form a strong atmosphere in which the whole people love reading, read well and be good at reading, better meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the masses and promote the high-quality development of public cultural services.

　　Create a characteristic reading space, and public cultural services will be richer and more diverse.

　　In Grain Rain season, Qinghe Park in Yueqing City, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province is full of vegetation and vitality. Located on an island in the middle of the park, Qinghe Bookstore has become a new landmark of local cultural activities and a popular punching place for citizens.

　　The picture shows Yueqing citizens attending a new book sharing meeting in Qinghe Bookstore. (photo by Xu Weimin)

　　Ms. Zhu, who lives nearby, takes her children and enjoys reading time in the reading room filled with coffee aroma. "The study environment in the park is so beautiful that such a public reading space is very popular." Ms. Zhu lamented.

　　Qinghe Bookstore takes the park landscape axis as the center in the spatial layout, fully excavates the characteristics of the building itself, and creates a wonderful place for viewing mountains, water and reading at the same time.

　　In the West Second Ring Road of Beijing, the encyclopedia study room is a "paradise" for many readers to feel the scholarly lifestyle. Walking into the study, there are gray tiles and white walls, slate running water, and thread-bound books … … A thick, quaint atmosphere came to my face.

　　Wei Kongyuan, the manager of the encyclopedia study room, is sorting out books. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Shujun photo

　　Readers are reading books in the encyclopedia study room. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Shujun photo

　　"This quiet reading space is very distinctive. I often bring my children to participate in cultural activities." Mr. Fu, who works near the study, said that the 6-year-old daughter first came into contact with rice paper and guqin here. "Touch is very important, let children touch seal cutting, printmaking, calligraphy, etc. personally, cultivate hobbies and feel the charm of traditional culture."

　　Lin Huiqing, director of Yueqing Library, said: "These public libraries in Yueqing pay more attention to people’s needs, and integrate fashion, openness, ecological environment and resources. They are new public cultural spaces integrating reading leisure, family parenting, digital future and light food service."

　　Wei Kongyuan, the manager of the encyclopedia study room, said that in addition to providing free reading services, the study room also makes full use of cultural space to carry out a variety of cultural activities, from lecture activities to online live broadcast, from offline reading to digital reading, from forums to exhibitions, through various forms to popularize ancient books culture, so that the characters in ancient books can "live" in the hands and hearts of modern people.

　　Fan Bainai, vice president of the Institute of Public Policy of Zhejiang University, said that the diversified urban public reading space is playing an increasingly important role in building public cultural spaces such as urban study rooms according to local conditions and providing effective cultural supply for the masses.

　　Innovating service and management methods to make reading reach a wider audience.

　　"How much space is not enough. The Nanshan District Library has more than 1 million books, and the district-level library will develop into a transfer station for books. " Yang Rong, director of the Nanshan District Library in Shenzhen, said.

　　In the interview, the reporter found that some city study rooms and community libraries have taken relevant measures to serve a wider audience in view of the problems of insufficient venue space and low utilization rate of books in their collections.

　　The Nanshan District Library in Shenzhen provides readers with more convenient and accurate literature services by means of "dynamic collection": timely removing books with low utilization rate, supplementing copies and types of documents with high demand, so that the books on the shelf can meet the needs of readers to the greatest extent; Make full use of intelligent bookshelves and indoor positioning navigation systems to provide readers with accurate search and positioning of books, space and other resources; Use the service of "online lending+book delivery to home" to provide readers with greater service guarantee.

　　The picture shows the corner of Nanshan study room in Shenzhen. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yin Peng photo

　　The use of information technologies such as big data and cloud computing has also inserted wings for public cultural services in various places. Beijing enhances the convenience of public cultural services by strengthening the construction of smart libraries and digital cultural centers, and launching digital reading and online cultural activities. Shenzhen has launched the contactless service of pre-lending smart stacks, audio reading promotion activities, and online travel reading featuring the integration of literature and travel; In some places in Zhejiang, by promoting the application of "national reading online" and creating an integrated platform of "one-click lending", digitalization is used to lead national reading … …

　　"Reading can improve the quality of citizens and cities, and it is an important starting point for building a learning and innovative city." Li Chang, a researcher at the Tsinghua University Institute of Cultural and Creative Development, said that we should give full play to the role of science and technology, innovate the service and management methods of public reading space, use the mobile Internet, break the boundaries between time and space, and attract more people to participate in national reading. (Reporter Yin Peng, Lu Chang, Yang Shujun, Wei Yijun)

Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology and other eight departments

On printing and distributing the "Biosafety of Experimental Animals in Hunan Province"

Notice of the Supervision Implementation Plan

Xiang Kefa [2023〕87number

HNPR—2023—04005

Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Education Bureau, Ecology and Environment Bureau, Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Health and Wellness Committee, Forestry Bureau, Market Supervision Bureau, Customs, and all relevant units:

The implementation plan of biosafety supervision of experimental animals in Hunan Province is hereby printed and distributed to you, please follow it.

 

Attachment: Implementation Plan for Biosafety Supervision of Laboratory Animals in Hunan Province

 

Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology

education department of hunan

Hu’ nan province ecological environment department

Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Hunan Provincial Health and Wellness Committee

Hunan Forestry Bureau

Hunan province market supervision management bureau

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Changsha Customs

2023yearsixmoon25sun

 

attachment

Implementation Plan of Biosafety Supervision of Laboratory Animals in Hunan Province

 

In order to standardize the biosafety management of experimental animals in accordance with the law and effectively build a biosafety barrier for experimental animals in our province, this implementation plan is formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions such as the Biosafety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the regulations on the biosafety management of pathogenic microorganism laboratories, the regulations on the management of experimental animals, the measures for implementing the regulations on the management of experimental animals in Hunan Province, and the implementation plan for implementing the Biosafety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Hunan Province, combined with the actual situation of this province.

I. General requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Adhere to the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on national biosafety, integrate the biosafety of experimental animals into the overall layout of biosafety, strengthen the bottom line thinking and sense of responsibility, improve the supervision system and working mechanism, promote the integration of legal management and scientific and technological innovation, implement the biosafety supervision of experimental animals throughout their life cycle, and strengthen“Peacetime tube"and“In a hurry"To build a scientific and efficient biosafety governance pattern for experimental animals.

(2) Basic principles

oneAdhere to supervision according to law and regulations. Focusing on the core of decentralization and standardizing the use of power, we will earnestly“The law cannot be done without authorization, and the statutory duty must be", carry out supervision work according to law.

2Adhere to the classification and supervision by industry. implement“Who is in charge and who is in charge?"and“Territorial management and hierarchical responsibility"It is required that the administrative departments of science and technology at the provincial, city and county levels and the administrative departments of related industries should carry out biosafety supervision of experimental animals by classification and industry according to the assigned work responsibilities.

threeAdhere to the supervision of scientific innovation. Advocate the integration of management and innovation, broaden the supervision ideas, innovate the supervision methods, establish a long-term mechanism, improve the supervision efficiency, and promote the institutionalization, standardization and scientific supervision of laboratory animal biosafety.

(3) Regulatory orientation

The biosafety of experimental animals referred to in this scheme refers to effectively preventing and responding to the threats of dangerous biological factors and related factors in the field of experimental animals, maintaining the stable and healthy development of experimental animal biotechnology, and keeping the human health and environmental ecosystem related to experimental animals in a relatively non-dangerous and non-threatening state. Biosafety supervision of experimental animals focuses on effectively preventing and responding to the epidemic situation of major infectious diseases and the threat of dangerous biological factors in experimental animals, standardizing the research and development, production and use, teaching and demonstration behavior of biotechnology in experimental animals, ensuring the safety of biological genetic resources, preventing bioterrorism attacks, preventing the threat of biological weapons, and forming a coordinated and coordinated supervision system covering the whole province.

Second, the division of responsibilities

In the biological safety supervision of experimental animals, the administrative department of science and technology is the lead responsible unit, the provincial departments such as education, ecological environment, agriculture and rural areas, health and hygiene, forestry and market supervision and Changsha Customs are the responsible units for industry management and collaborative supervision, and the production (management) and use units (including teaching demonstration units) of experimental animals are the main responsible units for implementing the supervision requirements.

(1) Responsibilities of the administrative department of science and technology

oneThe Provincial Department of Science and Technology is in charge of the biosafety supervision of experimental animals in the province, and should assume the main supervisory responsibilities, take the lead in organizing the formulation of regulatory norms and emergency response plans, establish a technical expert consultation library, and carry out business guidance and technical training for the municipal and county-level administrative departments of science and technology. according to“Double random and one open"The principle, from time to time to have obtained the license of experimental animal production (business) and the use of units (including teaching demonstration units) to supervise and inspect the biological safety management, and announce the inspection results to the public, and track and urge the rectification in place for the problems found. Strengthen public supervision, announce the way of reporting, accept and verify public reports, and report telephone numbers:0731–88988731(Provincial Science and Technology Department duty room),0731–88988860(Provincial Laboratory Animal Management Office). Establish and improve the accountability and accountability mechanism, and seriously investigate the responsibility of units and individuals that have caused biosafety accidents due to illegal production (operation) or use of experimental animals, and deal with them according to laws and regulations. According to the requirements of the coordination mechanism in the field of national security biology and public health in Hunan Province, strengthen cooperation with relevant industry management departments, gradually establish a biosafety information sharing system, and form a joint regulatory force according to the principles of daily co-management, information sharing and resource sharing.

2. The municipal (state) administrative department of science and technology is responsible for fulfilling the responsibility of biological safety supervision of experimental animals within its administrative area, guiding the subordinate administrative departments of science and technology to carry out daily supervision, strengthening public supervision, publishing the reporting methods, and accepting and verifying public reports. build“Immediate report of problems"System, the laboratory animal biosafety problems and hidden dangers found, fill in the laboratory animal biosafety problem information table (see Annex), and report to the Provincial Department of Science and Technology and track and urge the problem to be rectified in place.

threeThe county (city, district) administrative department of science and technology is responsible for the daily supervision and inspection of the biosafety of experimental animals within its jurisdiction. By strengthening information communication with relevant administrative departments, widely publicizing, mobilizing social forces, strengthening social public supervision, publishing reporting methods, accepting and verifying public reports, etc., it actively discovers the biosafety violations such as unlicensed production (management) and use of experimental animals within its jurisdiction, and establishes.“Immediate report of problems"System, fill in the laboratory animal biosafety information table (see Annex), and report it to the administrative department of science and technology of the superior city (state) in a timely manner, ask for disposal opinions and urge the rectification to be put in place. For incidents beyond the disposal authority or capacity, they should actively participate in the investigation and disposal of incidents under the leadership of the people’s government at the same level.

(2) Responsibilities of other relevant departments

Education, ecological environment, agriculture and rural areas, health, forestry, customs and other departments at all levels should strengthen biosafety supervision and education and training for enterprises and institutions, various laboratories, schools and other institutions that produce and use experimental animals and their related products in the industry, strengthen information communication with the administrative departments of science and technology, strengthen biosafety awareness, formulate management systems, clarify management responsibilities, and improve biosafety risk prevention capabilities. When dealing with the epidemic situation of infectious diseases caused by experimental animals, organize human resources to participate in the epidemic situation according to needs. Market supervision departments at all levels should cooperate with the administrative department of science and technology, establish relevant information sharing mechanisms, and crack down on experimental animals and products illegally flowing into the food market according to law. The Customs is responsible for strengthening the quarantine inspection of entry-exit experimental animals in the port supervision according to law.

(three) the responsibilities of the production (management) and use units of experimental animals (including teaching demonstration units)

Units and individuals engaged in the conservation, breeding, production, supply, transportation and related commercial operations of experimental animals and related products, and units and individuals using experimental animals and related products for scientific research, experiments and teaching demonstrations, are responsible subjects for implementing the requirements of biosafety supervision, and undertake their daily management responsibilities.

Third, the content and process of supervision

(1) Regulatory contents

The supervision of the production (management) and use units (including teaching demonstration units) of experimental animals mainly includes the following contents:

oneObtain the production license or use license of experimental animals according to law, and carry out various activities according to the permitted scope. Involving national or provincial key protected wild animal experimental animals, shall comply with the relevant provisions of the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Wildlife Protection Law".

2Establish an effective biosafety management system, timely assess biosafety risks, formulate biosafety emergency response plans, and conduct biosafety emergency drills at least once a year.

threeEngaged in the experimental activities of pathogenic microorganisms in experimental animals, we should strictly abide by the relevant national standards, laboratory technical specifications and operating procedures, and take effective safety precautions. It is forbidden to engage in the research, development and application of experimental animal biotechnology that endangers public health, damages biological resources, destroys ecosystems and biodiversity, etc.

fourEncourage the scientific and technological innovation of experimental animals, strictly implement the ethical review of experimental animals, follow the principles of substitution, reduction and optimization, and use the correct methods to dispose of experimental animals. Carry out daily monitoring of experimental animal diseases and establish monitoring files to ensure traceability at any time.

fiveEquip the staff with necessary biological safety protection equipment, organize the staff to carry out health examination every year, establish health files, and carry out vaccination when necessary to ensure the health and safety of the staff.

sixEquipped with necessary facilities and equipment to prevent experimental animals from escaping; There are facilities and equipment for the harmless treatment of sewage, dirt, dead animals and diseased animal products that are suitable for its scale, and the harmless treatment is carried out in time, or a third party with corresponding qualifications is entrusted for the harmless treatment, and it is strictly forbidden for the used experimental animals to enter the market. Timely carry out daily isolation and disinfection, harmless disposal and establish record ledger.

sevenTransport experimental animals in accordance with the relevant national regulations on the transport of live animals, and use qualified transport cages to prevent experimental animals from escaping and other animals from entering; Vehicles shall be cleaned and disinfected in time before loading and after unloading.

eightInfected experimental animals and their excreta, animal products, animal excreta in vehicles and contaminated articles such as padding, packaging materials and containers shall be disposed of in accordance with relevant state regulations, and shall not be disposed of at will.

nineThe teaching of demonstration animal experiments should comply with the Notice of the Ministry of Science and Technology on Issuing the Guiding Opinions on Treating Experimental Animals Well.〔2006〕398) and the general office of the Ministry of Education "Notice on Strengthening the Safety Management of Animal Experiments in Colleges and Universities" (Teaching Hall〔2011〕oneNumber)Relevant requirements, teaching demonstration animals should come from the administrative license unit of experimental animal production or provide legally effective animals.The production (supply) unit of material quality quarantine certificate shall strengthen the safety evaluation and supervision of animal experimental sites (including test benches, floors, tools, freezers and reagents, energy, medicines, etc.), and strengthen the implementation of animal experimental safety education and training, protective measures, operating procedures, harmless disposal of animal carcasses and wastes after experiments and emergency response plans.

(2) Supervision process

The administrative department of science and technology performs the main responsibility of supervision, and constructs a closed-loop supervision chain of the whole process of finding, reporting, rectifying and evaluating the biosafety problems of experimental animals.

one. discovery link. In accordance with the responsibilities of the administrative department of science and technology, take various ways to find out the biosafety problems and hidden dangers of experimental animals in time;

2Report link. Report the biosafety problems and hidden dangers of experimental animals step by step, and report the particularly important and significant problems to the Provincial Health and Health Committee, the lead unit of the coordination mechanism in the field of national safety biology and public health in Hunan Province, according to the provisions of the Emergency Plan for Laboratory Animal Biosafety in Hunan Province;

threeRectification link. In view of the problems and hidden dangers existing in the supervision content, take effective measures to rectify them in place;

four. evaluation link. with“Change now and stand for a long time."We should analyze the causes of problems, sum up experiences and lessons, strengthen guidance and coordination, and constantly improve the supervision system and mechanism of laboratory animal biosafety.

Fourth, safeguard measures

(A) to strengthen organizational leadership

The administrative departments of science and technology at all levels and the management departments of relevant industries must fully realize the necessity and importance of biosafety supervision of experimental animals, correctly handle the relationship between fulfilling supervision duties and service innovation, pay attention to the combination of inspection and guidance, punishment and education, supervision and service, and ensure that supervision is not absent, right and offside. The management of the production (management) and use units (including teaching demonstration units) of experimental animals should attach great importance to the biosafety management of experimental animals in their own units and departments, and earnestly assume the main responsibility of biosafety management of experimental animals.

(B) the implementation of work responsibilities

The administrative departments of science and technology at all levels and the administrative departments of relevant industries should earnestly fulfill their supervisory responsibilities according to the requirements of this scheme, supervise and guide the production (management) and use units (including teaching demonstration units) of experimental animals, establish and improve the organization and management system for the biosafety supervision of experimental animals, compact the responsibilities of the main responsible persons, and form a management system with full participation, full-time coverage and full-time operation.

(3) Strengthen publicity and education

combine“four·15"National Safety Education Day, Science and Technology Activity Week and other activities will be held to publicize the biosafety knowledge of experimental animals through various channels and forms, actively guide relevant responsible subjects to enhance their biosafety awareness, enhance the public’s awareness of biosafety knowledge of experimental animals, strengthen the public opinion monitoring and guidance of experimental animals on safety issues, and create a good atmosphere for the society to attach importance to, support and participate in biosafety supervision of experimental animals.

(D) Increase investment.

The administrative departments of science and technology at all levels should establish and improve the financial guarantee system, and provide stable financial support for the daily supervision, emergency response and personnel training of experimental animals. The production (management) and use units of experimental animals (including teaching demonstration units) should further increase the investment in the biosafety of experimental animals, reserve necessary emergency materials such as therapeutic drugs, articles for harmless disposal of experimental animals, safety protection articles, disinfection drugs and appliances, and continuously improve the level and ability of biosafety risk prevention of experimental animals.

This implementation plan shall come into force as of the date of promulgation and shall be valid for a period of time.fiveYears.

 

        (Annex omitted)

　　A few alarm clocks can’t wake you up, you are late for work, you are sleepy all day, and coffee can’t save you from being sleepy; During the Spring Festival, I ate a lot, snacks and food came to me, three meals were not fixed, and I lost my appetite when I went to work. Difficult to concentrate, nervous, upset, depressed, and unwilling to work and study … … Do you also have the above symptoms, which means that you may have post-holiday syndrome.

　　Adjust your daily routine, go to bed early and get up early.

　　"Post-holiday syndrome refers to people’s physiological and psychological reactions after holidays. The common symptoms are listlessness and general fatigue after going to work after holidays. Some patients may even have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia and dizziness, which are related to people’s disorder of work and rest." Li Xiaojun, deputy chief physician of beijing jishuitan hospital, said that a long holiday will disrupt our inherent life rules, such as diet, sleep and exercise, which will lead to decreased immunity, dizziness, headache, limb weakness, low mood, decreased energy and loss of appetite.

　　During festivals, people are used to sleeping late and getting up late, partying late, playing cards and playing dramas, and the circadian rhythm is disordered, which disrupts the normal biological clock of the human body and causes the sleep time to be delayed. After the festival, even at night, the brain still thinks that it is not time to go to bed now, and insomnia will occur. You need to get up early the next day, and lack of sleep time will lead to lack of energy and fatigue during the day.

　　"To effectively avoid holiday syndrome, we must start with ensuring a good sleep." Li Xiaojun said that good sleep can improve the body’s immunity, regulate mood, restore energy state and improve study or work efficiency; A good sleep requires keeping a daily routine, going to bed early and getting up early, avoiding staying up late as much as possible, avoiding being too excited before going to bed, and reducing the use of electronic products such as mobile phones; You can try to take a hot bath and listen to light music before going to sleep, which will help your brain relax and fall asleep quickly. However, if you have difficulty falling asleep, waking up early and dreaming for a long time, you need to seek the help of a doctor.

　　"Upset work and rest is easy to cause yin deficiency of liver and kidney, which will have a series of effects on the body, such as insomnia, anxiety, tinnitus, dizziness, weakness of waist and knees, stiff neck, hair loss, dry eye and chronic fatigue syndrome." Chen Xiuhua, chief physician of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, reminded that it is especially unfavorable for people with yin deficiency or people with chronic diseases such as chronic hepatitis, chronic nephritis, hypertension and coronary heart disease, which may lead to aggravation or recurrence. Even ordinary people without basic diseases often have their work and rest reversed, which is easy to bring about sleep disorders. After the festival, we should increase outdoor sports, choose our favorite sports mode, and play Tai Ji Chuan or Baduanjin to make the blood flow smoothly.

　　"You can also carry out home meridian health care, such as acupoint massage, beating gallbladder meridian, moxibustion, etc. These health care methods are simple and easy to take effect quickly, helping people to recover quickly after the holiday." Chen Xiuhua suggested that anming should be chosen as the key point for acupoint massage, which is a two-way regulating point. It can not only calm the nerves, but also improve the blood supply to the neck, wake up the magical collaterals, and people who work and rest upside down can have a good effect on anming by massaging, tapping, acupuncture and scraping. In addition, if you see the disease of the liver, you must first strengthen the spleen, so massaging Zusanli, Yinlingquan and other points is also helpful for nourishing the liver in spring. Liver governs ascending and descending, and smooth liver qi is beneficial to the mood. Scraping or cupping to remove dampness also has a targeted effect on post-holiday chronic fatigue syndrome, which can accelerate the awakening of physical and mental energy. Beating the gallbladder meridian along the outside of the legs every day is also helpful for the growth of yang. Pay attention to not beating it too much, and beat it in the morning or morning. If you beat it at night, it will make you excited and difficult to fall asleep, or have symptoms such as shallow sleep and easy to wake up. Moxibustion for health care, selecting Zusanli, Yinlingquan, Zhongwan, Shenque and Tian Shu, can regulate the spleen and stomach, regulate the intestines and promote diuresis.

　　Adjust diet, exercise properly, and keep happy.

　　On holidays, many people indulge their stomachs, such as hot pot, barbecue, seafood, cakes, chocolates, wine and coffee … … However, after indulgence and happiness, the stomach is prone to uncomfortable symptoms, such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhea.

　　"If you want to eat regularly, you must first have a regular schedule." Zhao Xiaoqing, deputy chief physician of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that irregular work and rest will lead to disordered diet and no way to adjust it. We should also relax and maintain a happy and healthy lifestyle. If you are in a good mood, your digestion will be better, you will be in a bad mood, you will not think about tea and rice, and you will have symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension and chest tightness after you get angry. All these indicate that mental factors are related to gastrointestinal activities.

　　"During the festival, everyone eats too much, so it is necessary to reduce the amount of food and let the gastrointestinal tract rest, but it is still necessary to eat on time for three meals a day." Zhao Xiaoqing said that according to the daily activity and the degree of hunger, the food intake should be reduced by 1/3 or even 1/2, and at the same time, the intake of snacks should be reduced to avoid inadvertently eating more. Festivals are full of meat and heavy taste, and the digestive organs of the human body are overwhelmed. Excess food will also lead to an increase in garbage in the body and other problems, such as constipation and getting angry. Post-holiday food should be vegetarian. It is recommended to eat rice congee to get rid of greasy food, and can be seasoned with a little ginger and dried tangerine peel. You can also eat more fresh vegetables and fruits such as lettuce, mustard, carrots and celery to provide more chlorophyll, carotene, vitamins and fiber. At the same time, to avoid tobacco, wine, coffee, strong tea, carbonated drinks, hot and sour food, the best diet is warm, you can choose milk, warm water.

　　"In addition, you should chew slowly when eating, take a bite of food, chew it for 60 times, and then swallow it. The key point is to eat slowly, and don’t burden the gastrointestinal tract in speed." Zhao Xiaoqing told me that after the holiday, the gastrointestinal tract is overworked, its function is not as good as before, or there is still undigested food left. At this time, it is even more necessary to chew slowly when eating. When chewing, it can also increase the secretion of digestive enzymes in saliva, thus reducing the burden on the stomach and intestines.

　　"The stomach and intestines are mostly protected and nourished, which is the key to nourishing the stomach." Zhao Xiaoqing reminded that the short-term unclean diet exceeds the digestive capacity of the stomach, which leads to obvious discomfort of the stomach, and it can also be adjusted by drugs in a short time. Western medicines that help digestion include gastrointestinal motility drugs such as mosapride and motilium, digestive drugs such as Bitter and compound digestive enzymes, and probiotics can also be selected, which can effectively regulate gastrointestinal flora and improve gastrointestinal function. Chinese medicine can choose Xiangsha Yangwei Pill, Huoxiang Zhengqi Water (Pill), Simotang Oral Liquid, Baohe Pill and other Chinese patent medicines.

　　"You can also drink four convenient soup teas to maintain your stomach." Zhao Xiaoqing recommended — —

　　Orange tea. First put 7~10g Pu ‘er tea, pour a little boiling water, gently shake it for 10 ~ 20s, then turn around and make tea soup, and then add 5g dried tangerine peel to drink. This tea can reduce blood fat, resist arteriosclerosis and regulate the stomach.

　　Dried orange peel barley tea. 5g of dried tangerine peel and 30g of barley are poured into boiling water and brewed together. This tea can promote intestinal peristalsis and reduce the residence time of greasy food in the stomach. It is suitable for spleen and stomach qi stagnation, abdominal distension, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, cough with excessive phlegm, chest and diaphragm fullness and other symptoms.

　　Sour plum soup 15g of ebony, 10g of liquorice, 10g of malt and 15g of hawthorn are added with appropriate amount of clear water, and after boiling over high fire, the mixture is reduced to low fire and boiled for 5 minutes. This soup can stimulate appetite and help digestion.

　　Ginger, Amomum villosum and brown sugar water. Take about 10g of ginger, chop it into powder, 5g of Amomum villosum and 50g of brown sugar, put it into a big bowl, brew it with boiling water, then cover it for 3-5 minutes, and drink it while it is hot, which can effectively relieve the stomach pain and epigastric discomfort caused by eating cold food on weekdays.

　　"In addition, it is also critical to maintain proper exercise." Li Xiaojun reminded that during holidays, people’s biological clocks are easily disrupted, and visiting relatives and friends, parties, etc. will reduce the amount of exercise, which will lead to drowsiness and fatigue. It is recommended to exercise properly and set aside half an hour to an hour of exercise every day, so that the body can quickly regain its vitality and maintain a positive and healthy state. At the same time, we should also maintain a good psychological state, avoid being too emotional and moody, maintain a good emotional state, properly divert attention and relax, which will help to quickly return to the best state of work and study.

　　On December 16th, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China issued a public consultation announcement on the Notice on Further Promoting the Standardized and Healthy Development of Credit Card Business (Draft for Comment). The opinion draft pointed out that banking financial institutions should take effective measures to monitor and control the actual use of credit card funds in a timely and accurate manner. Credit card funds shall not be used for repayment of loans, investment and other fields, and it is strictly forbidden to flow into areas restricted or prohibited by policies. The number of long-term sleep credit cards that have not been actively traded by customers for more than 18 consecutive months and the current overdraft balance and overpayment are zero shall not exceed 20% of the total number of cards issued by the institution at any time, except for credit cards with additional policy functions issued by banking financial institutions as required by policies and regulations. Banking financial institutions exceeding this ratio may not issue new cards.

　　Attached to the original:

　　Notice on Further Promoting the Standardized and Healthy Development of Credit Card Business (Draft for Comment)

　　This circular is formulated to standardize the credit card business, implement the management responsibilities of banking financial institutions and their cooperative institutions, improve the quality and efficiency of credit card services, protect the legitimate rights and interests of financial consumers, adhere to the people-centered development idea, and promote the credit card industry to develop with high quality to better support scientific and rational consumption.

　　First, strengthen the management of credit card business

　　(1) [Strategic Management] A banking financial institution shall formulate a prudent and steady credit card development strategy, which shall be reviewed and approved by the board of directors or senior management of the institution, and shall be continuously and effectively implemented and regularly evaluated and improved. Banking financial institutions shall reasonably formulate the annual management objectives and plans of credit cards in strict accordance with the development strategy.

　　(II) [Performance Appraisal] Banking financial institutions shall establish a scientific and reasonable credit card business performance appraisal index system and salary payment mechanism. The weight of compliance management indicators and risk management indicators should be significantly higher than other indicators. Banking financial institutions shall regularly assess and determine the positions and personnel scope that have an important impact on the credit card business risks, and implement strict management of deferred payment, delayed recourse and deduction of performance pay.

　　(III) [Asset Quality Management] Banking financial institutions shall strictly implement the credit card asset quality classification standards and identification procedures, and comprehensively, accurately and timely reflect the asset risk status. Strengthen the analysis of asset quality migration trend, set risk early warning indicators, continuously and effectively identify, measure, monitor, warn, prevent and dispose of risks, accurately grasp the scale and structure of non-performing assets, and write them off in time according to procedures.

　　(IV) [Behavior Management] Banking financial institutions shall strictly implement the employee behavior management of credit card business, carry out continuous supervision and regular investigation, implement the whole process supervision of the business behaviors of important positions and key personnel, and establish and improve the accountability and recording mechanism for violations.

　　(V) [Staff Training] Banking financial institutions shall strengthen compliance training and consumer rights protection training for their employees engaged in credit card business, and the training time for each person shall not be less than 30 hours per year.

　　Second, strictly regulate the marketing behavior of issuing cards.

　　(VI) [Card Issuance Management] Banking financial institutions shall not directly or indirectly take the number of cards issued, the number of customers, market share or market ranking as single or main assessment indicators.

　　Banking financial institutions should continue to take effective measures to prevent risks such as fraudulent card handling and excessive card handling. Set the maximum number of cards issued for a single customer. Strengthen the dynamic monitoring and management of sleep credit cards and strictly control the proportion. The number of long-term sleep credit cards that have not been actively traded by customers for more than 18 consecutive months and the current overdraft balance and overpayment are zero shall not exceed 20% of the total number of cards issued by the institution at any time, except for credit cards with additional policy functions issued by banking financial institutions as required by policies and regulations. Banking financial institutions exceeding this ratio may not issue new cards. The Bank of China Insurance Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission) can dynamically reduce the proportion limit standard of long-term sleep credit cards according to regulatory needs.

　　Banking financial institutions should respect the true wishes of customers when binding payment accounts and other accounts for credit cards, and provide unbinding services with the same convenience. If a customer applies for card cancellation, it shall complete the processing in time after confirming that there is no outstanding payment.

　　(VII) [Information Disclosure] Banking financial institutions should effectively strengthen marketing publicity and management when conducting credit card business. When concluding a credit card contract with a customer, we should strictly fulfill the obligation to prompt or explain the terms of interest, compound interest, fees, liquidated damages, and risk disclosure, show the annualized interest rate level to the customer in an obvious way, ensure that the customer pays attention to and understands the terms, and actively inform the customer of the consultation and complaint acceptance channels. When opening the online payment function of credit card for customers, we should fully fulfill the obligation of informing in advance, reach an agreement with customers on the terms of online payment, and obtain the customer’s confirmation and consent on the opening.

　　(VIII) [Sales Backtracking] Banking financial institutions shall actively take audio and video recording and other measures to completely and objectively record and save important sales link information such as credit card issuance, risk disclosure and information disclosure, so as to ensure that the recorded information is comprehensive, accurate, tamper-proof and traceable, and continuously meet the requirements of supervision and inspection by financial regulatory authorities and investigation and evidence collection by judicial organs in China. The recorded information should at least include: the valid identification materials of the credit card applicant, the financial status related to the credit card application, credit records, publicity and sales texts, signed credit card articles of association and contract (agreement), important tips and confirmation information, etc. The recorded information should be kept for at least 2 years after the end of the business duration with customers.

　　(IX) [Management of Marketing Personnel] No person may engage in the credit card issuance marketing activities of a banking financial institution without internal unified qualification certification. Banking financial institutions shall provide information inquiry methods for credit card marketers at their business outlets and electronic channels. Credit card marketers should present their work certificates containing the identity of the card issuer and personal work information to customers in advance, and inform customers of the information inquiry methods of credit card marketers.

　　(X) [Prohibited Behavior] Banking financial institutions shall implement strict management of credit card marketing behavior. Do not promise to issue cards or promise to give high credit; No fraud or false propaganda; Credit cards shall not be marketed by default check or forced bundling.

　　Third, strict credit management and risk control

　　(eleven) [credit audit] banking financial institutions should strengthen the credit audit of credit card customers, understand and analyze the credit status of customers through legal channels such as the basic database of financial credit information, implement necessary multi-dimensional cross-verification, independently audit and judge the identity of customers and identify the authenticity, integrity and timeliness of application materials. Customers who have multiple debt records in different institutions after investigation should be strictly examined to strictly guard against the risk of multi-head lending.

　　(XII) [Credit Management] A banking financial institution shall reasonably set the upper limit of the total credit line of a single customer according to the credit status, income status and financial status of the customer, and include the customer in all credit lines of the institution for unified management. Within the total credit line of credit card, the credit line of cash advance business shall not exceed the credit line of non-cash advance business.

　　Banking financial institutions shall conduct full due diligence on a single customer and conduct consolidated management on all credit card credit lines of the customer in other institutions. In the process of credit approval and credit line increase (including temporary credit line increase), the accumulated credit lines obtained from other institutions should be deducted from the total credit line of the customer’s own credit card, and the situation of new card issuing customers applying for credit cards from other institutions at the same time should be monitored and the corresponding credit line reduction should be implemented.

　　(XIII) Banking financial institutions shall implement strict and prudent dynamic management of credit line of credit card, and re-evaluate, calculate and determine the credit line of credit card customers at least once a year. For customers whose risk situation has obviously deteriorated, measures such as reducing the credit line should be taken in time. The customer who raises the credit line shall be re-approved for credit, and the credit line shall not be raised without the consent of the customer. Banking financial institutions shall strictly set the approval authority for raising the credit line, and reasonably set the range, frequency, time interval and validity period of the temporary increase of the credit line.

　　(XIV) [Risk Model] Banking financial institutions shall establish and improve the whole process management mechanism of credit card risk model development, testing, evaluation, application, monitoring, correction, optimization and withdrawal, ensure that the risk model development and evaluation links are independent of each other, and re-evaluate the risk model at least once a year and update and optimize it in time. When using the risk model provided by the cooperative organization, the principles of interpretability, verifiability, transparency and fairness shall be followed, and the responsibility of risk model management shall not be outsourced. The board of directors and senior management of banking financial institutions should understand the role and limitations of credit card-related risk models.

　　Fourth, strictly control the flow of funds

　　(XV) Banking financial institutions shall take effective measures to timely and accurately monitor and control the actual use of credit card funds. Credit card funds shall not be used for repayment of loans, investment and other fields, and it is strictly forbidden to flow into areas restricted or prohibited by policies.

　　(XVI) Banking financial institutions shall strengthen the monitoring and analysis of abnormal card use behaviors such as cashing and swiping, continuously optimize transaction monitoring rules, enhance early warning capabilities, and continuously and effectively prevent and control all kinds of fraud risks. Record and save credit card transactions and other information completely according to law, and continuously meet the requirements of supervision and inspection by financial regulatory authorities and investigation and evidence collection by judicial organs in China. If the transaction information that the acquiring institution should send is not received, it shall promptly inform the bank card clearing institution, the online payment clearing platform of non-bank payment institutions and other relevant institutions. For customers who confirm the existence of cash withdrawal, banking financial institutions should immediately take effective restrictive measures to control the risk of credit card funds.

　　Five, comprehensively strengthen the standardized management of credit card installment business.

　　(XVII) Banking financial institutions shall strictly regulate the management of credit card installment business. To handle installment business for customers, we should set up independent application, approval and other links in advance, fully disclose the nature of installment business, handling procedures, potential risks and liability for breach of contract in a concise and easy-to-understand way, and confirm the knowledge by customers in a legally effective way. A separate contract (agreement) shall be signed with the customer for each installment business, and it shall not be confused with or bundled with other credit card business contracts (agreements). If the credit card installment funds need to be transferred to the customer’s own account, it shall be transferred to his own bank settlement account except the credit card, and the amount and term shall be managed according to the cash advance business.

　　(XVIII) [Prohibitive Provisions] Banking financial institutions shall not re-stage the fund balance that has been staged, except for the personalized installment repayment agreement stipulated in the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Credit Card Business of Commercial Banks. No minimum repayment service shall be provided for installment business. Do not only provide or check the option of charging full installment interest at one time by default.

　　(XIX) [Amount and Term] Banking financial institutions shall carefully set the amount and term of credit card overdraft by installment, and specify the minimum starting amount and the maximum amount of installment business. The term of installment business shall not exceed 5 years. If the customer really needs to apply for installment repayment for the cash advance business, the amount shall not exceed RMB 50,000 or the equivalent in a freely convertible currency, and the term shall not exceed 2 years.

　　(20) [Disclosure Form of Interest and Fee] A banking financial institution shall clearly display all interest and fee items, annualized interest rate levels and interest and fee calculation methods that may be generated by installment business on the first page of the installment business contract (agreement). When showing customers the use cost of funds collected by installment business, interest shall be used uniformly, and handling fees shall not be used, unless otherwise stipulated by laws and regulations.

　　(21) If the customer settles the credit card installment business in advance, the banking financial institution shall charge interest according to the actual amount of funds occupied and the term.

　　Sixth, strict management of cooperative institutions

　　(22) [Management of Cooperative Institutions] When conducting credit card business cooperation, banking financial institutions should earnestly implement the main responsibility of business compliance review and strengthen cooperation with cooperative institutions in employee compliance and consumer protection training. The credit card business management department of the head office or the headquarters of the credit card franchise institution shall formulate clear entry and exit standards and management approval procedures for the cooperative institutions, and implement list management. A written cooperation contract shall be signed with the cooperative institution to clearly stipulate the rights and responsibilities of both parties. If it is found that the cooperative institution provides unfair and unreasonable cooperation conditions or services, it shall refuse to cooperate or terminate the cooperation according to the contract. The cooperative institutions mentioned in this Notice include, but are not limited to, various institutions that cooperate in credit card advertising promotion, payment and settlement, information technology, value-added services and collection.

　　(23) [Cooperative Management] Banking financial institutions shall accept business links such as credit card application, customer information collection, identity verification, card issuance review, contract (agreement) signing, credit card transaction, bill information inquiry, repayment, etc. through self-operated network platforms, pages or other electronic channels managed and controlled by cooperative institutions, so as to ensure clear and accurate creditor-debtor relationship. For consumers who transfer to the self-operated network platform of their own institutions through the channels of other cooperative institutions, the cooperative institutions shall be required to make special tips on the difference between the ownership subjects of the channels and places.

　　(24) [Concentration Management] The total number of credit cards issued by a banking financial institution through a single cooperative institution or a number of cooperative institutions with related relationships shall not exceed 25% of the total number of credit cards issued by the institution, and the total credit balance shall not exceed 15% of the total credit balance of the institution.

　　(25) [Co-branded card management — Main responsibility] Banking financial institutions shall assume the main responsibility for the operation and management of their co-branded cards, ensure that both parties to the co-branded cards present their own brands equally in all credit card-related business links, and shall not directly or in disguised form exercise banking duties on behalf of the co-branded units or substitute the brand of the co-branded units for the bank brand. We should continue to strengthen the analysis and monitoring of the business risk, reputation risk and other adverse effects of the joint venture, and strictly prevent the risk from being transmitted to this institution. Except for obtaining separate authorization from customers through the self-operated channels of the institution, information unrelated to its rights and services shall not be returned to the joint venture. It is not allowed to carry out business beyond the business area restrictions by issuing joint-name cards or through the channels of joint-name units. Strengthen cooperation with bank card clearing institutions, and establish and improve the business rules for issuing co-branded cards.

　　(XXVI) [Co-branded card management — Joint unit] Banking financial institutions shall carefully and fully evaluate the matching degree between joint units and credit card product positioning. A joint entity shall be a non-financial institution that provides value-added services to credit card customers in its main business field. Banking financial institutions shall not cooperate with financial institutions, financial holding companies and their subordinate financial institutions, non-bank payment institutions and local financial organizations to issue co-branded cards, except as otherwise provided by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　(XXVII) [Co-branded card management — Service restrictions] The business scope of joint-name card cooperation of banking financial institutions shall be limited to the advertising promotion of joint-name units and the rights and interests services related to their main business. Where a joint venture provides data analysis, technical support, collection and other services, it shall sign a special contract separately, and stipulate the rights and responsibilities of both parties according to the principle of matching income and risk, and different cooperation content categories shall not be confused and cross-bound.

　　(XXVIII) [Co-branded card management — Service charge] If a joint unit participates in the credit card revenue or profit sharing directly or in disguised form in the joint card business cooperation, or improperly links the charging standard with the credit card overdraft amount and other indicators, the banking financial institution shall stop the joint card cooperation with it.

　　(29) [Collection Management] Banking financial institutions shall implement the main responsibility of collection management, strictly formulate and implement management systems such as audit inspection and complaint handling of collection business, standardize collection behavior, and shall not provide or disclose customer arrears information in violation of laws and regulations, and shall not collect debts from third parties unrelated to debts. Continuously strengthen the collection capacity building of this institution and reduce the dependence on outsourcing collection.

　　Vii. strengthening the protection of consumers’ legitimate rights and interests

　　(30) [Consumer Protection Review] Banking financial institutions shall establish a review system and working mechanism for the protection of consumers’ rights and interests, and incorporate them into the credit card business risk management and internal control system. Regularly and strictly review credit card format contracts to avoid clauses and contents that infringe on consumers’ legitimate rights and interests.

　　(31) [Reasonable Pricing] Under the premise of complying with laws and effectively covering risks, banking financial institutions should scientifically determine the level of credit card interest fees, improve the quality and efficiency of services, continue to take effective measures, and resolutely promote the reasonable decline of credit card interest fees. Except for cash withdrawal business, the total amount of interest charged by banking financial institutions to customers who default or fail to repay overdue shall not exceed the corresponding overdraft principal.

　　(32) [Data Security] Banking financial institutions shall strictly implement data security and other relevant laws and regulations and relevant provisions on credit management, follow the principle of "legality, justness and necessity", and clearly stipulate in the cooperation contract the purpose, manner and scope of the use of customer information by both parties, customer information confidentiality responsibilities and obligations, and effective measures to prevent and control the risk of customer information disclosure. It is not allowed to cooperate with institutions that conduct data processing in violation of laws and regulations.

　　Eight, strengthen the supervision and management of credit card business.

　　(33) [Daily Supervision] China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices shall strengthen the risk identification, monitoring, early warning, prevention and control and disposal of credit card business of banking financial institutions, and continuously strengthen the extended monitoring and regulation of various business activities related to credit card business. In violation of the provisions of this notice, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, and relevant regulatory measures or administrative penalties may be taken according to the Banking Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China and other laws, administrative regulations and relevant provisions.

　　(XXXIV) [Online Credit Card Business] In accordance with the principles of controllable risks, safety and order, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission has promoted the innovation of the credit card industry and explored innovative modes such as online credit card business through pilot projects.

　　(35) [Strengthening Industry Self-discipline] The China Banking Association shall give full play to the industry self-discipline function, continuously improve the self-discipline rules and risk evaluation system of credit card business, and strengthen self-discipline punishment and notification.

　　(36) This notice shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. Banking financial institutions shall, within one month from the date of implementation of this notice, formulate and submit a rectification plan to the regulatory authorities, and clarify the rectification objectives and time schedule. If the credit card business that has been started does not conform to the provisions of this notice, the rectification shall be completed within 24 months.

　　(37) [Other Arrangements] If the relevant provisions before the issuance of this notice are inconsistent with this notice, this notice shall prevail. China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission is responsible for the interpretation of this notice.